Ruby on rails 已在heroku上成功部署应用程序，但在浏览器中显示应用程序错误

根据Michael Hartl的rails教程，我正在使用ruby on rails构建一个应用程序。 我尝试在heroku上部署应用程序，显然我在这方面没有问题，但一旦我在heroku上打开应用程序，就会显示出一个应用程序错误。我几乎一无所知。。。这是日志文件：

-----> Ruby app detected
-----> Compiling Ruby/Rails
-----> Using Ruby version: ruby-1.9.3
###### WARNING:
       Removing `Gemfile.lock` because it was generated on Windows.
       Bundler will do a full resolve so native gems are handled properly.
       This may result in unexpected gem versions being used in your app.
       In rare occasions Bundler may not be able to resolve your dependencies at all.
       https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/bundler-windows-gemfile

-----> Installing dependencies using 1.6.3
       Running: bundle install --without development:test --path vendor/bundle --binstubs vendor/bundle/bin -j4
       Your Gemfile lists the gem rspec-rails (>= 0) more than once.
       You should probably keep only one of them.
       While it's not a problem now, it could cause errors if you change the version of just one of them later.
       Your Gemfile lists the gem jquery-rails (= 3.0.4) more than once.
       You should probably keep only one of them.
       While it's not a problem now, it could cause errors if you change the version of just one of them later.
       Your Gemfile lists the gem pg (= 0.15.1) more than once.
       You should probably keep only one of them.
       While it's not a problem now, it could cause errors if you change the version of just one of them later.
       Your Gemfile lists the gem rails_12factor (= 0.0.2) more than once.
       You should probably keep only one of them.
       While it's not a problem now, it could cause errors if you change the version of just one of them later.
       Fetching git://github.com/bmabey/database_cleaner.git
       Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
       Resolving dependencies...
       Using rake 10.3.2
       Using i18n 0.6.11
       Using minitest 4.7.5
       Using thread_safe 0.3.4
       Using multi_json 1.10.1
       Using tzinfo 0.3.41
       Using builder 3.1.4
       Using erubis 2.7.0
       Using mime-types 1.25.1
       Using rack 1.5.2
       Using polyglot 0.3.5
       Using activerecord-deprecated_finders 1.0.3
       Using arel 4.0.2
       Using bcrypt-ruby 3.1.2
       Using sass 3.4.4
       Using will_paginate 3.0.4
       Using bundler 1.6.3
       Using coffee-script-source 1.8.0
       Using execjs 2.2.1
       Using hike 1.2.3
       Using thor 0.19.1
       Using json 1.8.1
       Using pg 0.15.1
       Using tilt 1.4.1
       Using rails_serve_static_assets 0.0.2
       Using rails_stdout_logging 0.0.3
       Using faker 1.1.2
       Using activesupport 4.0.2
       Using treetop 1.4.15
       Using rack-test 0.6.2
       Using bootstrap-will_paginate 0.0.9
       Using bootstrap-sass 2.3.2.0
       Using coffee-script 2.3.0
       Using rdoc 3.12.2
       Using uglifier 2.1.1
       Using rails_12factor 0.0.2
       Using sprockets 2.10.1
       Using actionpack 4.0.2
       Using activemodel 4.0.2
       Using jbuilder 1.0.2
       Using mail 2.5.4
       Using sdoc 0.3.20
       Using railties 4.0.2
       Using sprockets-rails 2.0.1
       Using actionmailer 4.0.2
       Using activerecord 4.0.2
       Using coffee-rails 4.0.1
       Using jquery-rails 3.0.4
       Using sass-rails 4.0.1
       Using rails 4.0.2
       Using turbolinks 1.1.1
       Your bundle is complete!
       Gems in the groups development and test were not installed.
       It was installed into ./vendor/bundle
       Bundle completed (8.32s)
       Cleaning up the bundler cache.
       Your Gemfile lists the gem rspec-rails (>= 0) more than once.
       You should probably keep only one of them.
       While it's not a problem now, it could cause errors if you change the version of just one of them later.
       Your Gemfile lists the gem jquery-rails (= 3.0.4) more than once.
       You should probably keep only one of them.
       While it's not a problem now, it could cause errors if you change the version of just one of them later.
       Your Gemfile lists the gem pg (= 0.15.1) more than once.
       You should probably keep only one of them.
       While it's not a problem now, it could cause errors if you change the version of just one of them later.
       Your Gemfile lists the gem rails_12factor (= 0.0.2) more than once.
       You should probably keep only one of them.
       While it's not a problem now, it could cause errors if you change the version of just one of them later.
-----> Writing config/database.yml to read from DATABASE_URL
       Detected manifest file, assuming assets were compiled locally

###### WARNING:
       Removing `Gemfile.lock` because it was generated on Windows.
       Bundler will do a full resolve so native gems are handled properly.
       This may result in unexpected gem versions being used in your app.
       In rare occasions Bundler may not be able to resolve your dependencies at all.
       https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/bundler-windows-gemfile

-----> Discovering process types
       Procfile declares types -> web
       Default types for Ruby  -> console, rake, worker

-----> Compressing... done, 23.0MB
-----> Launching... done, v27
       http://guarded-shelf-9628.herokuapp.com/ deployed to Heroku

在将它与以前成功部署的日志进行比较后，我发现有一点不同。在这个日志中，它显示了ruby的默认类型->控制台、rake、worker，而在Successful deploys的其他日志中，它显示了ruby的默认类型->控制台、rake、web、worker，因此，web可能丢失了，并可能导致了问题。。。你认为这可能是问题所在吗？如果这就是问题所在。。。我不知道如何解决这个问题！：）我很想听到有人能帮我解决这个问题！提前多谢

以下是可能提供有关错误信息的日志：

2014-09-19T22:58:43.981295+00:00 app[web.1]:
2014-09-19T22:58:43.981299+00:00 app[web.1]: `config/application.rb` file and an
y `mass_assignment_sanitizer` options
2014-09-19T22:58:43.981302+00:00 app[web.1]:
2014-09-19T22:58:43.981294+00:00 app[web.1]: params or add `protected_attributes
` to your Gemfile to use the old one.
2014-09-19T22:58:43.981300+00:00 app[web.1]: from your `config/environments/*.rb
` files.
2014-09-19T22:58:43.981330+00:00 app[web.1]:
2014-09-19T22:58:44.252040+00:00 app[web.1]: A server is already running. Check
/app/tmp/pids/server.pid.
2014-09-19T22:58:44.252144+00:00 app[web.1]: => Run `rails server -h` for more s
tartup options
2014-09-19T22:58:44.252142+00:00 app[web.1]: => Rails 4.0.2 application starting
 in production on http://0.0.0.0:23779
2014-09-19T22:58:44.252140+00:00 app[web.1]: => Booting WEBrick
2014-09-19T22:58:44.252145+00:00 app[web.1]: => Ctrl-C to shutdown server
2014-09-19T22:58:44.252147+00:00 app[web.1]: Exiting
2014-09-19T22:58:45.031535+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to c
rashed
2014-09-19T22:58:45.020850+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited with status 1
2014-09-19T23:00:06.776445+00:00 heroku[api]: Starting process with command `bun
dle exec rake db:migrate` by xxxxxxxx@hotmail.com
2014-09-19T23:00:09.905857+00:00 heroku[run.8558]: Awaiting client
2014-09-19T23:00:09.944483+00:00 heroku[run.8558]: Starting process with command
 `bundle exec rake db:migrate`
2014-09-19T23:00:10.286566+00:00 heroku[run.8558]: State changed from starting t
o up
2014-09-19T23:00:15.233196+00:00 heroku[run.8558]: State changed from up to comp
lete
2014-09-19T23:00:15.217870+00:00 heroku[run.8558]: Process exited with status 0
2014-09-19T23:09:00.021083+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from crashed to st
arting
2014-09-19T23:09:06.045524+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command `b
undle exec rails server -p 52238`
2014-09-19T23:09:08.517868+00:00 app[web.1]: Your Gemfile lists the gem rspec-ra
ils (>= 0) more than once.
2014-09-19T23:09:08.525341+00:00 app[web.1]: You should probably keep only one o
f them.
2014-09-19T23:09:08.525343+00:00 app[web.1]: While it's not a problem now, it co
uld cause errors if you change the version of just one of them later.
2014-09-19T23:09:08.517884+00:00 app[web.1]: You should probably keep only one o
f them.
2014-09-19T23:09:08.517887+00:00 app[web.1]: While it's not a problem now, it co
uld cause errors if you change the version of just one of them later.
2014-09-19T23:09:08.518722+00:00 app[web.1]: Your Gemfile lists the gem jquery-r
ails (= 3.0.4) more than once.
2014-09-19T23:09:08.535911+00:00 app[web.1]: You should probably keep only one o
f them.
2014-09-19T23:09:08.535913+00:00 app[web.1]: While it's not a problem now, it co
uld cause errors if you change the version of just one of them later.
2014-09-19T23:09:08.518726+00:00 app[web.1]: You should probably keep only one o
f them.
2014-09-19T23:09:08.518728+00:00 app[web.1]: While it's not a problem now, it co
uld cause errors if you change the version of just one of them later.
2014-09-19T23:09:08.525337+00:00 app[web.1]: Your Gemfile lists the gem pg (= 0.
15.1) more than once.
2014-09-19T23:09:08.535904+00:00 app[web.1]: Your Gemfile lists the gem rails_12
factor (= 0.0.2) more than once.
2014-09-19T23:09:16.478210+00:00 app[web.1]: DEPRECATION WARNING: config.whiny_n
ils option is deprecated and no longer works. (called from block in <top (requir
ed)> at /app/config/environments/production.rb:6)
2014-09-19T23:09:16.602557+00:00 app[web.1]:
2014-09-19T23:09:16.602552+00:00 app[web.1]: config.eager_load is set to nil. Pl
ease update your config/environments/*.rb files accordingly:
2014-09-19T23:09:16.602560+00:00 app[web.1]:   * development - set it to false
2014-09-19T23:09:16.602561+00:00 app[web.1]:   * test - set it to false (unless
you use a tool that preloads your test environment)
2014-09-19T23:09:16.602563+00:00 app[web.1]:   * production - set it to true
2014-09-19T23:09:16.602564+00:00 app[web.1]:
2014-09-19T23:09:16.602588+00:00 app[web.1]:
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980362+00:00 app[web.1]: DEPRECATION WARNING: Model based ma
ss assignment security has been extracted
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980372+00:00 app[web.1]:
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980380+00:00 app[web.1]: See http://guides.rubyonrails.org/s
ecurity.html#mass-assignment for more information.
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980375+00:00 app[web.1]: `config/application.rb` file and an
y `mass_assignment_sanitizer` options
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980378+00:00 app[web.1]:
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980374+00:00 app[web.1]: To disable this message remove the
`whitelist_attributes` option from your
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980377+00:00 app[web.1]: from your `config/environments/*.rb
` files.
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980406+00:00 app[web.1]:
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980370+00:00 app[web.1]: params or add `protected_attributes
` to your Gemfile to use the old one.
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980368+00:00 app[web.1]: out of Rails into a gem. Please use
 the new recommended protection model for
2014-09-19T23:09:19.458144+00:00 app[web.1]: => Rails 4.0.2 application starting
 in production on http://0.0.0.0:52238
2014-09-19T23:09:19.458184+00:00 app[web.1]: Exiting
2014-09-19T23:09:19.458145+00:00 app[web.1]: => Run `rails server -h` for more s
tartup options
2014-09-19T23:09:19.458147+00:00 app[web.1]: => Ctrl-C to shutdown server
2014-09-19T23:09:19.458138+00:00 app[web.1]: => Booting WEBrick
2014-09-19T23:09:19.450797+00:00 app[web.1]: A server is already running. Check
/app/tmp/pids/server.pid.
2014-09-19T23:09:20.395099+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited with status 1
2014-09-19T23:09:20.407213+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to c
rashed
2014-09-19T23:09:20.407904+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from crashed to st
arting
2014-09-19T23:09:24.294382+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command `b
undle exec rails server -p 11906`
2014-09-19T23:09:26.659179+00:00 app[web.1]: Your Gemfile lists the gem rspec-ra
ils (>= 0) more than once.
2014-09-19T23:09:26.659198+00:00 app[web.1]: While it's not a problem now, it co
uld cause errors if you change the version of just one of them later.
2014-09-19T23:09:26.659196+00:00 app[web.1]: You should probably keep only one o
f them.
2014-09-19T23:09:26.659738+00:00 app[web.1]: Your Gemfile lists the gem jquery-r
ails (= 3.0.4) more than once.
2014-09-19T23:09:26.659743+00:00 app[web.1]: While it's not a problem now, it co
uld cause errors if you change the version of just one of them later.
2014-09-19T23:09:26.659741+00:00 app[web.1]: You should probably keep only one o
f them.
2014-09-19T23:09:26.664097+00:00 app[web.1]: You should probably keep only one o
f them.
2014-09-19T23:09:26.664091+00:00 app[web.1]: Your Gemfile lists the gem pg (= 0.
15.1) more than once.
2014-09-19T23:09:26.664325+00:00 app[web.1]: Your Gemfile lists the gem rails_12
factor (= 0.0.2) more than once.
2014-09-19T23:09:26.664099+00:00 app[web.1]: While it's not a problem now, it co
uld cause errors if you change the version of just one of them later.
2014-09-19T23:09:26.664328+00:00 app[web.1]: You should probably keep only one o
f them.
2014-09-19T23:09:26.664330+00:00 app[web.1]: While it's not a problem now, it co
uld cause errors if you change the version of just one of them later.
2014-09-19T23:09:28.647892+00:00 app[web.1]: DEPRECATION WARNING: config.whiny_n
ils option is deprecated and no longer works. (called from block in <top (requir
ed)> at /app/config/environments/production.rb:6)
2014-09-19T23:09:28.717340+00:00 app[web.1]: config.eager_load is set to nil. Pl
ease update your config/environments/*.rb files accordingly:
2014-09-19T23:09:28.717344+00:00 app[web.1]:
2014-09-19T23:09:28.717346+00:00 app[web.1]:   * development - set it to false
2014-09-19T23:09:28.717347+00:00 app[web.1]:   * test - set it to false (unless
you use a tool that preloads your test environment)
2014-09-19T23:09:28.717349+00:00 app[web.1]:   * production - set it to true
2014-09-19T23:09:28.717350+00:00 app[web.1]:
2014-09-19T23:09:28.717352+00:00 app[web.1]:
2014-09-19T23:09:29.932824+00:00 app[web.1]: DEPRECATION WARNING: Model based ma
ss assignment security has been extracted
2014-09-19T23:09:29.932830+00:00 app[web.1]: out of Rails into a gem. Please use
 the new recommended protection model for
2014-09-19T23:09:29.932831+00:00 app[web.1]: params or add `protected_attributes
` to your Gemfile to use the old one.
2014-09-19T23:09:29.932833+00:00 app[web.1]:
2014-09-19T23:09:30.174451+00:00 app[web.1]: => Run `rails server -h` for more s
tartup options
2014-09-19T23:09:29.932835+00:00 app[web.1]: To disable this message remove the
`whitelist_attributes` option from your
2014-09-19T23:09:29.932838+00:00 app[web.1]: from your `config/environments/*.rb
` files.
2014-09-19T23:09:29.932836+00:00 app[web.1]: `config/application.rb` file and an
y `mass_assignment_sanitizer` options
2014-09-19T23:09:29.932842+00:00 app[web.1]:
2014-09-19T23:09:29.932839+00:00 app[web.1]:
2014-09-19T23:09:30.174417+00:00 app[web.1]: A server is already running. Check
/app/tmp/pids/server.pid.
2014-09-19T23:09:30.174453+00:00 app[web.1]: => Ctrl-C to shutdown server
2014-09-19T23:09:29.932841+00:00 app[web.1]: See http://guides.rubyonrails.org/s
ecurity.html#mass-assignment for more information.
2014-09-19T23:09:30.174447+00:00 app[web.1]: => Booting WEBrick
2014-09-19T23:09:30.174454+00:00 app[web.1]: Exiting
2014-09-19T23:09:30.174450+00:00 app[web.1]: => Rails 4.0.2 application starting
 in production on http://0.0.0.0:11906
2014-09-19T23:09:31.093052+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to c
rashed
2014-09-19T23:09:31.072183+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited with status 1
2014-09-19T23:09:33.082176+00:00 heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App cra
shed" method=GET path="/" host=guarded-shelf-9628.herokuapp.com request_id=fae64
19e-d8ca-498f-ab94-936295266fe4 fwd="190.195.118.32" dyno= connect= service= sta
tus=503 bytes=

2014-09-19T22:58:43.981295+00:00应用程序[网站1]：
2014-09-19T22:58:43.981299+00:00应用程序[web.1]：`config/application.rb`文件和
y`质量分配\消毒剂'选项
2014-09-19T22:58:43.981302+00:00应用程序[网站1]：
2014-09-19T22:58:43.981294+00:00应用程序[web.1]：参数或添加“受保护的”属性
`到您的GEM文件以使用旧文件。
2014-09-19T22:58:43.981300+00:00应用程序[web.1]：来自您的'config/environments/*.rb
`档案。
2014-09-19T22:58:43.981330+00:00应用程序[网站1]：
2014-09-19T22:58:44.252040+00:00应用程序[web.1]：服务器已在运行。检查
/app/tmp/pids/server.pid。
2014-09-19T22:58:44.252144+00:00应用程序[web.1]：=>运行“rails服务器-h”获取更多信息
启动选项
2014-09-19T22:58:44.252142+00:00应用程序[web.1]：=>Rails 4.0.2应用程序启动
在生产中http://0.0.0.0:23779
2014-09-19T22:58:44.252140+00:00应用程序[web.1]：=>启动WEBrick
2014-09-19T22:58:44.252145+00:00应用程序[web.1]：=>Ctrl-C关闭服务器
2014-09-19T22:58:44.252147+00:00应用程序[网站1]：退出
2014-09-19T22:58:45.031535+00:00 heroku[web.1]：状态从开始更改为c
擦伤
2014-09-19T22:58:45.020850+00:00 heroku[web.1]：进程已退出，状态为1
2014-09-19T23:00:06.776445+00:00 heroku[api]：使用命令“bun”启动进程
dle exec rake db:migrate`byxxxxxxxx@hotmail.com
2014-09-19T23:00:09.905857+00:00 heroku[run.8558]：等待客户
2014-09-19T23:00:09.944483+00:00 heroku[run.8558]：使用命令启动进程
`bundle exec rake数据库：迁移`
2014-09-19T23:00:10.286566+00:00 heroku[run.8558]：状态从t开始更改
起来
2014-09-19T23:00:15.233196+00:00 heroku[run.8558]：状态从up更改为comp
删除
2014-09-19T23:00:15.217870+00:00 heroku[run.8558]：进程已退出，状态为0
2014-09-19T23:09:00.021083+00:00 heroku[web.1]：州从崩溃改为圣彼得堡
艺术
2014-09-19T23:09:06.045524+00:00 heroku[web.1]：用命令'b'启动进程
undle exec rails服务器-p 52238`
2014-09-19T23:09:08.517868+00:00应用程序[web.1]：您的gem文件列出了gem rspec ra
ils（>=0）不止一次。
2014-09-19T23:09:08.525341+00:00应用程序[web.1]：您可能应该只保留一个o
f他们。
2014-09-19T23:09:08.525343+00:00应用程序[web.1]：虽然现在这已经不是问题，但it公司
如果以后仅更改其中一个版本，则uld将导致错误。
2014-09-19T23:09:08.517884+00:00应用程序[web.1]：您可能应该只保留一个o
f他们。
2014-09-19T23:09:08.517887+00:00应用程序[web.1]：虽然现在这已经不是问题，但it公司
如果以后仅更改其中一个版本，则uld将导致错误。
2014-09-19T23:09:08.518722+00:00应用程序[web.1]：您的gem文件列出了gem jquery-r
不止一次出现故障（=3.0.4）。
2014-09-19T23:09:08.535911+00:00应用程序[web.1]：您可能应该只保留一个o
f他们。
2014-09-19T23:09:08.535913+00:00应用程序[web.1]：虽然现在这已经不是问题，但it公司
如果以后仅更改其中一个版本，则uld将导致错误。
2014-09-19T23:09:08.518726+00:00应用程序[web.1]：您可能应该只保留一个o
f他们。
2014-09-19T23:09:08.518728+00:00应用程序[web.1]：虽然现在这已经不是问题，但it公司
如果以后仅更改其中一个版本，则uld将导致错误。
2014-09-19T23:09:08.525337+00:00应用程序[web.1]：您的gem文件列出了gem pg（=0）。
15.1）不止一次。
2014-09-19T23:09:08.535904+00:00应用程序[web.1]：您的gem文件列出了gem rails_12
系数（=0.0.2）不止一次。
2014-09-19T23:09:16.478210+00:00应用程序[web.1]：弃用警告：config.whany\n
ils选项已弃用，不再有效。（从/app/config/environments/production.rb:6中的块调用）
2014-09-19T23:09:16.602557+00:00应用程序[网站1]：
2014-09-19T23:09:16.602552+00:00应用程序[web.1]：config.eager\u load设置为零。Pl
请相应地更新config/environments/*.rb文件：
2014-09-19T23:09:16.602560+00:00应用程序[web.1]：*开发-将其设置为false
2014-09-19T23:09:16.602561+00:00应用程序[web.1]：*测试-将其设置为false（除非
您使用的工具可以预加载测试环境）
2014-09-19T23:09:16.602563+00:00应用程序[web.1]：*生产-将其设置为true
2014-09-19T23:09:16.602564+00:00应用程序[网站1]：
2014-09-19T23:09:16.602588+00:00应用程序[网站1]：
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980362+00:00应用程序[web.1]：弃用警告：基于模型的ma
已提取ss分配安全性
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980372+00:00应用程序[网站1]：
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980380+00:00应用程序[网站1]：参见http://guides.rubyonrails.org/s
html#有关详细信息，请参阅mass assignment。
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980375+00:00应用程序[web.1]：`config/application.rb`文件和
y`质量分配\消毒剂'选项
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980378+00:00应用程序[网站1]：
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980374+00:00应用程序[web.1]：要禁用此消息，请删除
`白名单_属性`选项来自您的
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980377+00:00应用程序[web.1]：来自您的`config/environments/*.rb
`档案。
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980406+00:00应用程序[网站1]：
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980370+00:00应用程序[web.1]：参数或添加“受保护的”属性
`到您的GEM文件以使用旧文件。
2014-09-19T23:09:18.980368+00:00应用程序[web.1]：脱离轨道进入宝石。请