Ruby on rails 在osx上安装pg gem时出错

我在osx 10.6.7上尝试在新的rails 3.0.7应用程序上运行bundle安装，但在尝试构建pg gem时，它一直失败。它一直告诉我我需要开发工具。但据我所知，我已经安装了开发工具

下面是xcodebuild-version的输出

Xcode 3.2.6
Component versions: DevToolsCore-1809.0; DevToolsSupport-1806.0
BuildVersion: 10M2518

这是失败的pg gem构建的输出

/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/bin/ruby extconf.rb --with-pg-config=/Library/PostgreSQL/8.4/bin/pg_config
Using config values from /Library/PostgreSQL/8.4/bin/pg_config
checking for libpq-fe.h... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more
details.  You may need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/bin/ruby
    --with-pg
    --without-pg
    --with-pg-dir
    --without-pg-dir
    --with-pg-include
    --without-pg-include=${pg-dir}/include
    --with-pg-lib
    --without-pg-lib=${pg-dir}/lib
    --with-pg-config
/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:368:in `try_do': The complier failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:452:in `try_cpp'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:853:in `block in find_header'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:693:in `block in checking_for'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:280:in `block (2 levels) in postpone'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:254:in `open'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:280:in `block in postpone'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:254:in `open'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:276:in `postpone'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:692:in `checking_for'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:852:in `find_header'
    from extconf.rb:31:in `<main>'


Gem files will remain installed in /Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@rc_search/gems/pg-0.11.0 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@rc_search/gems/pg-0.11.0/ext/gem_make.out
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/installer.rb:486:in `block in build_extensions'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/installer.rb:446:in `each'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/installer.rb:446:in `build_extensions'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/installer.rb:198:in `install'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/source.rb:100:in `install'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/installer.rb:55:in `block in run'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/spec_set.rb:12:in `block in each'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/spec_set.rb:12:in `each'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/spec_set.rb:12:in `each'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/installer.rb:44:in `run'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/installer.rb:8:in `install'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/cli.rb:217:in `install'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/task.rb:22:in `run'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/invocation.rb:118:in `invoke_task'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/vendor/thor.rb:246:in `dispatch'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/base.rb:389:in `start'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/bin/bundle:13:in `<top (required)>'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/bin/bundle:19:in `load'
    from /Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/bin/bundle:19:in `<main>'

/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/bin/ruby extconf.rb——带pg config=/Library/PostgreSQL/8.4/bin/pg_config
使用/Library/PostgreSQL/8.4/bin/pg_config中的配置值
正在检查libpq fe.h...**extconf.rb失败***
由于某些原因无法创建Makefile，可能是缺少
必要的库和/或标题。查看mkmf.log文件了解更多信息
细节。您可能需要配置选项。
提供的配置选项：
--使用opt dir
--不带opt dir
--选择包含
--不带opt include=${opt dir}/include
--使用opt lib
--不带opt lib=${opt dir}/lib
--用make prog
--没有make prog
--srcdir=。
--库尔迪尔
--ruby=/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/bin/ruby
--与pg
--无pg
--与pg dir
--没有pg dir
--与pg包括
--不带pg include=${pg dir}/include
--用pg-lib
--不带pg lib=${pg dir}/lib
--使用pg配置
/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:368:在“try_do”中：编译器未能生成可执行文件。（运行时错误）
您必须首先安装开发工具。
from/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:452:in'try_cpp'
from/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:853:in'block in find_header'
from/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:693:in'block in checking_'
from/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:280:in `块（2层）中的延迟'
from/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:254:in'open'
from/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:280:in'block in delay'
from/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:254:in'open'
from/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:276:in“推迟”
from/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:692:in'checking_'
from/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:852:in'find_header'
来自extconf.rb:31:in`'
Gem文件仍将安装在/Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2中-head@rc_search/gems/pg-0.11.0用于检查。
结果记录到/Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@rc_search/gems/pg-0.11.0/ext/gem_make.out
from/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/installer.rb:486:in“block in build_extensions”
from/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/installer.rb:446:in'each'
来自/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/installer.rb:446:in'build_extensions'
来自/Users/bm/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-head/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/installer.rb:198:in'install'
来自/Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/source.rb:100:in'install'
来自/Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/installer.rb:55:in'block in run'
来自/Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/spec_set.rb:12:in'block in each'
来自/Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/spec_set.rb:12:in'each'
来自/Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/spec_set.rb:12:in'each'
来自/Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/installer.rb:44:in'run'
来自/Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/installer.rb:8:in'install'
来自/Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/cli.rb:217:in'install'
来自/Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/task.rb:22:in'run'
来自/Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/invocation.rb:118:in'invoke_task'
来自/Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/vendor/thor.rb:246:in'dispatch'
来自/Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/lib/bundler/vendor/thor/base.rb:389:in'start'
来自/Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/gems/bundler-1.0.0/bin/bundle:13:in`'
来自/Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/箱/捆：19:装入
来自/Users/bm/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-head@global/箱子/包裹：19:in`'

---

任何帮助都将不胜感激。仅供参考，我还尝试使用mysql构建应用程序，基本上得到了相同的堆栈。所以我很确定我错过了一些开发人员构建工具，但我不知道是哪一种（

我与您使用的OSX和XCode版本相同：使用pg 0.11.0进行捆绑安装对我来说很好。 但是，我发现这篇文章可能对您有所帮助

如果您正在使用rvm，您可以尝试：

rvm update head  
rvm --force install
1.9.2 gem install bundle

这里是我的堆栈：

[ 08:36:26 ] > bundle install
Fetching source index for http://rubygems.org/
Enter your password to install the bundled RubyGems to your system: 
Using rake (0.8.7) 
Using abstract (1.0.0) 
Installing activesupport (3.0.7) 
Installing builder (2.1.2) 
Installing i18n (0.5.0) 
Installing activemodel (3.0.7) 
Using erubis (2.6.6) 
Using rack (1.2.2) 
Installing rack-mount (0.6.14) 
Installing rack-test (0.5.7) 
Installing tzinfo (0.3.27) 
Installing actionpack (3.0.7) 
Using mime-types (1.16) 
Installing polyglot (0.3.1) 
Installing treetop (1.4.9) 
Installing mail (2.2.19) 
Installing actionmailer (3.0.7) 
Installing arel (2.0.9) 
Installing activerecord (3.0.7) 
Installing activeresource (3.0.7) 
Using bundler (1.0.10) 
Installing pg (0.11.0) with native extensions 
Using thor (0.14.6) 
Installing railties (3.0.7) 
Installing rails (3.0.7) 
Your bundle is complete! Use `bundle show [gemname]` to see where a bundled gem is installed.
[ ronda@MacBook ~/Projects/rails_projects/first_app ]
[ 08:42:57 ] > rails server
=> Booting WEBrick
=> Rails 3.0.7 application starting in development on http://0.0.0.0:3000
=> Call with -d to detach
=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server
[2011-04-27 20:45:27] INFO  WEBrick 1.3.1
[2011-04-27 20:45:27] INFO  ruby 1.9.2 (2011-02-18) [x86_64-darwin10]
[2011-04-27 20:45:27] INFO  WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=4757 port=3000

---

在Rails应用程序中运行bundle install时，我遇到了完全相同的问题。我安装了homebrew，然后运行

brew install postgresql. 

---

这最终正确地安装了postgres，这个问题为我解决了。

对我有效的是Zag的评论：

~/projects/foo$ env ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64" gem install pg
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
Successfully installed pg-0.11.0
1 gem installed
Building YARD (yri) index for pg-0.11.0...

~/projects/foo$ bundle 
...
Using pg (0.11.0) 
...
Your bundle is complete! Use `bundle show [gemname]` to see where a bundled gem is installed.

导出ARCHFLAGS='-arch x86_64'

导出路径=/Library/PostgreSQL/9.1/bin:${PATH}

gem安装页面

---

我也有同样的问题。对我来说，解决方法是：

---

sudo ln-s gcc/usr/bin/gcc-4.2

我也遇到了这个问题，对我来说，答案是更新RVM的所有内容

rvm get head
rvm install 1.9.2

---

如果您在osx上使用PostgreSQL应用程序，则可能需要更改以下路径（随着二进制文件和配置文件位置的更改），而不是lesyk回答中显示的路径：

export PATH=/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/MacOS/bin:${PATH}

简单的解决方案是：

运行

brew安装post