Ruby on rails 删除rails迁移中的重复列

我的应用程序中有回形针宝石，然后我删除了它，我想重新添加。但是，当我尝试rake db:migrate时，会出现以下错误：

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我知道有一种方法可以删除重复的图像文件名，但我不知道如何在我的应用程序中这样做。我确实找到了一些与我的问题相似的帖子，但没有真正解决它

首先，您不应该只删除迁移。如果要删除字段，应为其创建新的迁移

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您现在有两个选项，或者您可以使用rake db:migration:reset重新创建整个数据库，或者您可以对上次迁移的内容进行注释，运行rake db:migrate，然后您可以取消对它的注释。

因为您删除了创建列的迁移，如果您创建迁移来删除它，它将在其他环境生产中导致错误，因为首先没有要删除的列

假设您尚未将迁移部署到生产环境。 您可以直接在数据库控制台中删除该列

运行rails数据库控制台

及

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如果你已经有了那个字段，为什么还要再添加一次呢？因为我以前去掉了回形针。。我还删除了它的迁移到您的模型中，您在其中添加了附件，任何验证。。。然后运行迁移文件..@Milind我这样做了，但现在我得到了一个错误：Post模型缺少“image\u file\u name”所需的attr\u访问器您在其他一些模型中有必需的属性..在整个项目中搜索image\u file\u name，我确信..您会得到它..然后注释掉它并重新运行迁移，然后再次取消注释它。我做到了第二个选项，它运行db:migrate。然而，当我尝试上传图片时，我发现这个帖子模型缺少“image\u file\u name”所需的attr\u访问器。我应该尝试rake db:migration:rest吗？

 ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration Load (0.4ms)  SELECT "schema_migrations".* FROM "schema_migrations"
Migrating to AddAttachmentImageToPosts (20170115210207)
   (0.3ms)  BEGIN
== 20170115210207 AddAttachmentImageToPosts: migrating ========================
-- change_table(:posts)
   (0.9ms)  ALTER TABLE "posts" ADD "image_file_name" character varying
   (0.2ms)  ROLLBACK
rake aborted!
StandardError: An error has occurred, this and all later migrations canceled:

PG::DuplicateColumn: ERROR:  column "image_file_name" of relation "posts" already exists
: ALTER TABLE "posts" ADD "image_file_name" character varying
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb:155:in `async_exec'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb:155:in `block in execute'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:472:in `block in log'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:466:in `log'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb:154:in `execute'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb:393:in `add_column'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb:423:in `add_column'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions.rb:443:in `column'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/paperclip-5.1.0/lib/paperclip/schema.rb:54:in `block (2 levels) in attachment'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/paperclip-5.1.0/lib/paperclip/schema.rb:52:in `each_pair'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/paperclip-5.1.0/lib/paperclip/schema.rb:52:in `block in attachment'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/paperclip-5.1.0/lib/paperclip/schema.rb:51:in `each'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/paperclip-5.1.0/lib/paperclip/schema.rb:51:in `attachment'
/home/ubuntu/workspace/db/migrate/20170115210207_add_attachment_image_to_posts.rb:4:in `block in up'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb:363:in `change_table'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:665:in `block in method_missing'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:634:in `block in say_with_time'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:634:in `say_with_time'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:654:in `method_missing'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:416:in `method_missing'
/home/ubuntu/workspace/db/migrate/20170115210207_add_attachment_image_to_posts.rb:3:in `up'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:571:in `up'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:611:in `exec_migration'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:592:in `block (2 levels) in migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:591:in `block in migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:292:in `with_connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:590:in `migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:768:in `migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:998:in `block in execute_migration_in_transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1044:in `block in ddl_transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:213:in `block in transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb:184:in `within_new_transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:213:in `transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:220:in `transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1044:in `ddl_transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:997:in `execute_migration_in_transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:959:in `block in migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:955:in `each'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:955:in `migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:823:in `up'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:801:in `migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:137:in `migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:44:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/exe/rake:27:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'
ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid: PG::DuplicateColumn: ERROR:  column "image_file_name" of relation "posts" already exists
: ALTER TABLE "posts" ADD "image_file_name" character varying
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb:155:in `async_exec'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb:155:in `block in execute'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:472:in `block in log'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:466:in `log'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb:154:in `execute'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb:393:in `add_column'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb:423:in `add_column'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions.rb:443:in `column'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/paperclip-5.1.0/lib/paperclip/schema.rb:54:in `block (2 levels) in attachment'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/paperclip-5.1.0/lib/paperclip/schema.rb:52:in `each_pair'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/paperclip-5.1.0/lib/paperclip/schema.rb:52:in `block in attachment'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/paperclip-5.1.0/lib/paperclip/schema.rb:51:in `each'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/paperclip-5.1.0/lib/paperclip/schema.rb:51:in `attachment'
/home/ubuntu/workspace/db/migrate/20170115210207_add_attachment_image_to_posts.rb:4:in `block in up'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb:363:in `change_table'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:665:in `block in method_missing'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:634:in `block in say_with_time'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:634:in `say_with_time'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:654:in `method_missing'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:416:in `method_missing'
/home/ubuntu/workspace/db/migrate/20170115210207_add_attachment_image_to_posts.rb:3:in `up'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:571:in `up'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:611:in `exec_migration'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:592:in `block (2 levels) in migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:591:in `block in migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:292:in `with_connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:590:in `migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:768:in `migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:998:in `block in execute_migration_in_transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1044:in `block in ddl_transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:213:in `block in transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb:184:in `within_new_transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:213:in `transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:220:in `transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1044:in `ddl_transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:997:in `execute_migration_in_transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:959:in `block in migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:955:in `each'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:955:in `migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:823:in `up'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:801:in `migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:137:in `migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:44:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/exe/rake:27:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'
PG::DuplicateColumn: ERROR:  column "image_file_name" of relation "posts" already exists
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb:155:in `async_exec'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb:155:in `block in execute'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:472:in `block in log'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:466:in `log'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb:154:in `execute'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb:393:in `add_column'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb:423:in `add_column'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions.rb:443:in `column'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/paperclip-5.1.0/lib/paperclip/schema.rb:54:in `block (2 levels) in attachment'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/paperclip-5.1.0/lib/paperclip/schema.rb:52:in `each_pair'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/paperclip-5.1.0/lib/paperclip/schema.rb:52:in `block in attachment'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/paperclip-5.1.0/lib/paperclip/schema.rb:51:in `each'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/paperclip-5.1.0/lib/paperclip/schema.rb:51:in `attachment'
/home/ubuntu/workspace/db/migrate/20170115210207_add_attachment_image_to_posts.rb:4:in `block in up'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb:363:in `change_table'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:665:in `block in method_missing'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:634:in `block in say_with_time'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:634:in `say_with_time'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:654:in `method_missing'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:416:in `method_missing'
/home/ubuntu/workspace/db/migrate/20170115210207_add_attachment_image_to_posts.rb:3:in `up'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:571:in `up'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:611:in `exec_migration'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:592:in `block (2 levels) in migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:591:in `block in migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:292:in `with_connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:590:in `migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:768:in `migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:998:in `block in execute_migration_in_transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1044:in `block in ddl_transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:213:in `block in transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb:184:in `within_new_transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:213:in `transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:220:in `transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:1044:in `ddl_transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:997:in `execute_migration_in_transaction'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:959:in `block in migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:955:in `each'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:955:in `migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:823:in `up'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/migration.rb:801:in `migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:137:in `migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:44:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/exe/rake:27:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'
Tasks: TOP => db:migrate
(See full trace by running task with --trace)

 2.3.0 :001 > Post.column_names
     => ["id", "title", "link", "description", "created_at", "updated_at", "user_id", "image_file_name", "image_content_type", "image_file_size", "image_updated_at", "cached_votes_total", "cached_votes_score", "cached_votes_up", "cached_votes_down", "cached_weighted_score", "cached_weighted_total", "cached_weighted_average", "image"] 

ALTER TABLE posts DROP COLUMN image_file_name;