Ruby on rails PostgreSQL特定错误，报告为闪烁

我很难在PostgreSQL上工作（它在SQLite上工作得很好）

下面是一个示例错误：

>> Annotation.creations_report
ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid: PGError: ERROR:  operator does not exist: ` character varying
LINE 1: ... grouping = E'day' AND aggregation = E'count' AND `condition...
                                                             ^
HINT:  No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You might need to add explicit type casts.
: SELECT * FROM "reports_as_sparkline_cache" WHERE (model_name = E'Annotation' AND report_name = E'creations' AND grouping = E'day' AND aggregation = E'count' AND `condition` = E'' AND reporting_period >= '2009-11-22')  ORDER BY reporting_period ASC LIMIT 100

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想法？

去掉反勾“，使用单引号”。在SQL中，只允许使用单引号和双引号，单引号表示值，双引号表示数据库对象，如表名、列名等

SELECT * FROM "reports_as_sparkline_cache" WHERE (model_name = E'Annotation' AND report_name = E'creations' AND grouping = E'day' AND aggregation = E'count' AND condition = E'' AND reporting_period >= '2009-11-22')  ORDER BY reporting_period ASC LIMIT 100