Ruby 如何安装PostgreSQL:错误：无法生成gem本机扩展

运行

捆绑安装时，我遇到以下错误：

An error occurred while installing pg (0.21.0), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install pg -v '0.21.0' --source 'https://rubygems.org/'` succeeds before bundling.

之后我试着跑步

gem install pg -v '0.21.0' --source 'https://rubygems.org/'

这给了我这个错误：

ERROR:  Error installing pg:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/pg-0.21.0/ext
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/bin/ruby -I /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0 -r ./siteconf20200518-48011-1noawh0.rb extconf.rb

它还建议查看
mkmf.log
文件，该文件具有：

find_executable: checking for pg_config... -------------------- no

--------------------

find_header: checking for libpq-fe.h... -------------------- no

"xcrun clang -o conftest -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/universal-darwin19 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/backward -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0 -I. -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT    -g -Os -pipe -DHAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS conftest.c  -L. -L/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib -L. -L/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.Internal.sdk/usr/local/lib   -arch x86_64   -lruby.2.6   "
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.Internal.sdk/usr/local/lib'
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2: 
3: int main(int argc, char **argv)
4: {
5:   return 0;
6: }
/* end */

"xcrun clang -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/universal-darwin19 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/backward -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0 -I. -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT    -g -Os -pipe -DHAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS  -arch x86_64  -c conftest.c"
conftest.c:3:10: fatal error: 'libpq-fe.h' file not found
#include <libpq-fe.h>
         ^~~~~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2: 
3: #include <libpq-fe.h>
/* end */

--------------------

find_可执行文件：检查pg_配置…------------不
--------------------
find_头：检查libpq fe.h..-------不
“xcrun clang-o conftest-I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/sdk/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/Ruby-2.6.0/universal-darwin19-I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.Platforms/Platforms/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk/Systems/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/Ruby-2.6.0/Ruby/backward-I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/sdk/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.Frameworks/Versions/2.6/usr/include/Ruby-2.6.0-I.-D\XOPEN\u\u\u源代码-D\u达尔文\u源代码-D\u达尔文\u无限制\u选择-D\u可重入-g-Os-pipe-DHAVE\gCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS conftest.c-L-L-L/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib-L-L/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.Internal.sdk/usr/local/lib-arch x86_64-lruby.2.6“
ld:警告：未找到选项'-L/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.Internal.sdk/usr/local/lib'的目录
检查的程序是：
/*开始*/
1:#包括“ruby.h”
2: 
3:int main（int argc，字符**argv）
4: {
5：返回0；
6: }
/*结束*/
“xcrun clang-I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/Ruby-2.6.0/universal-darwin19-I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.Platforms/Platforms/Developer/Developer/MacOSX.15.sdk/System/Librarywork/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/backward-I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0-I.-D\u XOPEN\u-SOURCE-D\u达尔文\u C\u源代码-D\u达尔文\u无限选择-D\u可重入-g-Os-pipe-DHAVE\u GCC\u原子ILTINS-arch x86_64-c conftest.c“
conftest.c:3:10:致命错误：“未找到libpq fe.h”文件
#包括
^~~~~~~~~~~~
生成1个错误。
检查的程序是：
/*开始*/
1:#包括“ruby.h”
2: 
3:#包括
/*结束*/
--------------------

我不确定如何修复这个错误。我想它一定是查错文件夹了，对吧？但不知道如何解决这个问题

我正在使用Postgres应用程序，并将其放在Mac上的“我的应用程序”文件夹中。
您缺少Postgres源代码，需要它来编译pg gem

使用安装brew

/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install.sh)"


使用安装PostgreSQL server

brew install postgresql


但看起来您正在使用macOS附带的内置Ruby版本。我建议安装一个Ruby管理器，如RVM：

安装带有

\curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable


重新启动shell

使用安装Ruby

rvm install 2.7


然后使用
bundle install重新安装gems
您缺少Postgres源代码，需要它来编译pg gem

使用安装brew

/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install.sh)"


使用安装PostgreSQL server

brew install postgresql


但看起来您正在使用macOS附带的内置Ruby版本。我建议安装一个Ruby管理器，如RVM：

安装带有

\curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable


重新启动shell

使用安装Ruby

rvm install 2.7


然后使用
bundle install重新安装gems
查看选项列表，因为有许多Ruby管理器，RVM只是其中之一，任何安装它的人都应该密切注意文档。在MacOS上编译PG驱动程序还需要安装Xcode及其命令行工具。请参阅选择列表，因为有许多Ruby管理器，RVM只是其中之一，任何安装它的人都应密切注意有关的文档。在MacOS上编译PG驱动程序还需要安装Xcode及其命令行工具。