Search 如何在不使用API的情况下以编程方式执行搜索？
我想创建一个程序，将输入一个字符串到文本框在一个网站，如谷歌（不使用他们的公共API），然后提交表单和抓取结果。这可能吗？我认为，获取结果需要使用HTML抓取，但是如何将数据输入文本字段并提交表单呢？我会被迫使用公共API吗？这样的事情不可行吗？我需要找出查询字符串/参数吗Search 如何在不使用API的情况下以编程方式执行搜索？,search,screen-scraping,Search,Screen Scraping,我想创建一个程序，将输入一个字符串到文本框在一个网站，如谷歌（不使用他们的公共API），然后提交表单和抓取结果。这可能吗？我认为，获取结果需要使用HTML抓取，但是如何将数据输入文本字段并提交表单呢？我会被迫使用公共API吗？这样的事情不可行吗？我需要找出查询字符串/参数吗 大多数时候，您只需发送一个简单的HTTP POST请求即可 我建议你试着玩弄一下，了解一下网络是如何工作的 几乎所有的编程语言和框架都有发送原始请求的方法 并且您可以始终针对Internet Explorer ActiveX
大多数时候，您只需发送一个简单的HTTP POST请求即可 我建议你试着玩弄一下，了解一下网络是如何工作的 几乎所有的编程语言和框架都有发送原始请求的方法
并且您可以始终针对Internet Explorer ActiveX控件进行编程。我相信很多编程语言都支持它。好吧，下面是谷歌页面上的html：
<form action="/search" name=f><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign=top>
<td width=25%> </td><td align=center nowrap>
<input name=hl type=hidden value=en>
<input type=hidden name=ie value="ISO-8859-1">
<input autocomplete="off" maxlength=2048 name=q size=55 title="Google Search" value="">
<br>
<input name=btnG type=submit value="Google Search">
<input name=btnI type=submit value="I'm Feeling Lucky">
</td><td nowrap width=25% align=left>
<font size=-2> <a href=/advanced_search?hl=en>
Advanced Search</a><br>
<a href=/preferences?hl=en>Preferences</a><br>
<a href=/language_tools?hl=en>Language Tools</a></font></td></tr></table>
</form>
我相信这会违反使用条款（咨询律师：程序员不擅长提供法律建议！），但从技术上讲，您可以通过访问URL搜索foobar，并如您所说，删除生成的HTML来搜索foobar。您可能还需要伪造
用户代理也许有些搜索引擎的使用条款并不禁止这样做；您和您的律师最好四处看看，看看情况是否属实。如果您下载Cygwin，并将Cygwin\bin添加到路径中，您可以使用curl检索页面和grep/sed/任何解析结果的方法。既然谷歌可以使用querystring参数，为什么还要填写表单呢？使用curl，您也可以发布信息、设置标题信息等。我使用它从命令行调用web服务。 我要做的是创建一个小程序，它可以自动将任何表单数据提交到任何地方，并返回结果。这在Java中很容易实现。任务如下：
- 连接到web服务器
- 解析页面
- 获取页面上的第一个表单
- 填写表格数据
- 提交表格
- 读取（并解析）结果
- 是否需要模拟JavaScript
- 之后您需要如何处理这些数据
- 你精通哪些语言
- 应用程序速度（这是一次查询还是100000？）
- 应用程序需要多久才能工作
- 它是一次性的，还是必须维护
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Properties;
import com.meterware.httpunit.GetMethodWebRequest;
import com.meterware.httpunit.SubmitButton;
import com.meterware.httpunit.WebClient;
import com.meterware.httpunit.WebConversation;
import com.meterware.httpunit.WebForm;
import com.meterware.httpunit.WebLink;
import com.meterware.httpunit.WebRequest;
import com.meterware.httpunit.WebResponse;
public class FormElements extends Properties
{
private static final String FORM_URL = "form.url";
private static final String FORM_ACTION = "form.action";
/** These are properly provided property parameters. */
private static final String FORM_PARAM = "form.param.";
/** These are property parameters that are required; must have values. */
private static final String FORM_REQUIRED = "form.required.";
private Hashtable fields = new Hashtable( 10 );
private WebConversation webConversation;
public FormElements()
{
}
/**
* Retrieves the HTML page, populates the form data, then sends the
* information to the server.
*/
public void run()
throws Exception
{
WebResponse response = receive();
WebForm form = getWebForm( response );
populate( form );
form.submit();
}
protected WebResponse receive()
throws Exception
{
WebConversation webConversation = getWebConversation();
GetMethodWebRequest request = getGetMethodWebRequest();
// Fake the User-Agent so the site thinks that encryption is supported.
//
request.setHeaderField( "User-Agent",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv\\:1.7.3) Gecko/20040913" );
return webConversation.getResponse( request );
}
protected void populate( WebForm form )
throws Exception
{
// First set all the .param variables.
//
setParamVariables( form );
// Next, set the required variables.
//
setRequiredVariables( form );
}
protected void setParamVariables( WebForm form )
throws Exception
{
for( Enumeration e = propertyNames(); e.hasMoreElements(); )
{
String property = (String)(e.nextElement());
if( property.startsWith( FORM_PARAM ) )
{
String fieldName = getProperty( property );
String propertyName = property.substring( FORM_PARAM.length() );
String fieldValue = getField( propertyName );
// Skip blank fields (most likely, this is a blank last name, which
// means the form wants a full name).
//
if( "".equals( fieldName ) )
continue;
// If this is the first name, and the last name parameter is blank,
// then append the last name field to the first name field.
//
if( "first_name".equals( propertyName ) &&
"".equals( getProperty( FORM_PARAM + "last_name" ) ) )
fieldValue += " " + getField( "last_name" );
showSet( fieldName, fieldValue );
form.setParameter( fieldName, fieldValue );
}
}
}
protected void setRequiredVariables( WebForm form )
throws Exception
{
for( Enumeration e = propertyNames(); e.hasMoreElements(); )
{
String property = (String)(e.nextElement());
if( property.startsWith( FORM_REQUIRED ) )
{
String fieldValue = getProperty( property );
String fieldName = property.substring( FORM_REQUIRED.length() );
// If the field starts with a ~, then copy the field.
//
if( fieldValue.startsWith( "~" ) )
{
String copyProp = fieldValue.substring( 1, fieldValue.length() );
copyProp = getProperty( copyProp );
// Since the parameters have been copied into the form, we can
// eke out the duplicate values.
//
fieldValue = form.getParameterValue( copyProp );
}
showSet( fieldName, fieldValue );
form.setParameter( fieldName, fieldValue );
}
}
}
private void showSet( String fieldName, String fieldValue )
{
System.out.print( "<p class='setting'>" );
System.out.print( fieldName );
System.out.print( " = " );
System.out.print( fieldValue );
System.out.println( "</p>" );
}
private WebForm getWebForm( WebResponse response )
throws Exception
{
WebForm[] forms = response.getForms();
String action = getProperty( FORM_ACTION );
// Not supposed to break out of a for-loop, but it makes the code easy ...
//
for( int i = forms.length - 1; i >= 0; i-- )
if( forms[ i ].getAction().equalsIgnoreCase( action ) )
return forms[ i ];
// Sadly, no form was found.
//
throw new Exception();
}
private GetMethodWebRequest getGetMethodWebRequest()
{
return new GetMethodWebRequest( getProperty( FORM_URL ) );
}
private WebConversation getWebConversation()
{
if( this.webConversation == null )
this.webConversation = new WebConversation();
return this.webConversation;
}
public void setField( String field, String value )
{
Hashtable fields = getFields();
fields.put( field, value );
}
private String getField( String field )
{
Hashtable<String, String> fields = getFields();
String result = fields.get( field );
return result == null ? "" : result;
}
private Hashtable getFields()
{
return this.fields;
}
public static void main( String args[] )
throws Exception
{
FormElements formElements = new FormElements();
formElements.setField( "first_name", args[1] );
formElements.setField( "last_name", args[2] );
formElements.setField( "email", args[3] );
formElements.setField( "comments", args[4] );
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream( args[0] );
formElements.load( fis );
fis.close();
formElements.run();
}
}
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Properties;
import com.meterware.httpunit.GetMethodWebRequest;
import com.meterware.httpunit.SubmitButton;
import com.meterware.httpunit.WebClient;
import com.meterware.httpunit.WebConversation;
import com.meterware.httpunit.WebForm;
import com.meterware.httpunit.WebLink;
import com.meterware.httpunit.WebRequest;
import com.meterware.httpunit.WebResponse;
public class FormElements extends Properties
{
private static final String FORM_URL = "form.url";
private static final String FORM_ACTION = "form.action";
/** These are properly provided property parameters. */
private static final String FORM_PARAM = "form.param.";
/** These are property parameters that are required; must have values. */
private static final String FORM_REQUIRED = "form.required.";
private Hashtable fields = new Hashtable( 10 );
private WebConversation webConversation;
public FormElements()
{
}
/**
* Retrieves the HTML page, populates the form data, then sends the
* information to the server.
*/
public void run()
throws Exception
{
WebResponse response = receive();
WebForm form = getWebForm( response );
populate( form );
form.submit();
}
protected WebResponse receive()
throws Exception
{
WebConversation webConversation = getWebConversation();
GetMethodWebRequest request = getGetMethodWebRequest();
// Fake the User-Agent so the site thinks that encryption is supported.
//
request.setHeaderField( "User-Agent",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv\\:1.7.3) Gecko/20040913" );
return webConversation.getResponse( request );
}
protected void populate( WebForm form )
throws Exception
{
// First set all the .param variables.
//
setParamVariables( form );
// Next, set the required variables.
//
setRequiredVariables( form );
}
protected void setParamVariables( WebForm form )
throws Exception
{
for( Enumeration e = propertyNames(); e.hasMoreElements(); )
{
String property = (String)(e.nextElement());
if( property.startsWith( FORM_PARAM ) )
{
String fieldName = getProperty( property );
String propertyName = property.substring( FORM_PARAM.length() );
String fieldValue = getField( propertyName );
// Skip blank fields (most likely, this is a blank last name, which
// means the form wants a full name).
//
if( "".equals( fieldName ) )
continue;
// If this is the first name, and the last name parameter is blank,
// then append the last name field to the first name field.
//
if( "first_name".equals( propertyName ) &&
"".equals( getProperty( FORM_PARAM + "last_name" ) ) )
fieldValue += " " + getField( "last_name" );
showSet( fieldName, fieldValue );
form.setParameter( fieldName, fieldValue );
}
}
}
protected void setRequiredVariables( WebForm form )
throws Exception
{
for( Enumeration e = propertyNames(); e.hasMoreElements(); )
{
String property = (String)(e.nextElement());
if( property.startsWith( FORM_REQUIRED ) )
{
String fieldValue = getProperty( property );
String fieldName = property.substring( FORM_REQUIRED.length() );
// If the field starts with a ~, then copy the field.
//
if( fieldValue.startsWith( "~" ) )
{
String copyProp = fieldValue.substring( 1, fieldValue.length() );
copyProp = getProperty( copyProp );
// Since the parameters have been copied into the form, we can
// eke out the duplicate values.
//
fieldValue = form.getParameterValue( copyProp );
}
showSet( fieldName, fieldValue );
form.setParameter( fieldName, fieldValue );
}
}
}
private void showSet( String fieldName, String fieldValue )
{
System.out.print( "<p class='setting'>" );
System.out.print( fieldName );
System.out.print( " = " );
System.out.print( fieldValue );
System.out.println( "</p>" );
}
private WebForm getWebForm( WebResponse response )
throws Exception
{
WebForm[] forms = response.getForms();
String action = getProperty( FORM_ACTION );
// Not supposed to break out of a for-loop, but it makes the code easy ...
//
for( int i = forms.length - 1; i >= 0; i-- )
if( forms[ i ].getAction().equalsIgnoreCase( action ) )
return forms[ i ];
// Sadly, no form was found.
//
throw new Exception();
}
private GetMethodWebRequest getGetMethodWebRequest()
{
return new GetMethodWebRequest( getProperty( FORM_URL ) );
}
private WebConversation getWebConversation()
{
if( this.webConversation == null )
this.webConversation = new WebConversation();
return this.webConversation;
}
public void setField( String field, String value )
{
Hashtable fields = getFields();
fields.put( field, value );
}
private String getField( String field )
{
Hashtable<String, String> fields = getFields();
String result = fields.get( field );
return result == null ? "" : result;
}
private Hashtable getFields()
{
return this.fields;
}
public static void main( String args[] )
throws Exception
{
FormElements formElements = new FormElements();
formElements.setField( "first_name", args[1] );
formElements.setField( "last_name", args[2] );
formElements.setField( "email", args[3] );
formElements.setField( "comments", args[4] );
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream( args[0] );
formElements.load( fis );
fis.close();
formElements.run();
}
}
$ cat com.mellon.properties
form.url=https://www.mellon.com/contact/index.cfm
form.action=index.cfm
form.param.first_name=name
form.param.last_name=
form.param.email=emailhome
form.param.comments=comments
# Submit Button
#form.submit=submit
# Required Fields
#
form.required.to=zzwebmaster
form.required.phone=555-555-1212
form.required.besttime=5 to 7pm
java -cp $CLASSPATH FormElements com.mellon.properties "John" "Doe" "John.Doe@gmail.com" "To whom it may concern ..."