Selenium webdriver 为什么需要查找所有页面对象？

我的应用程序由angularJS和非angularJS页面组成。 因此，我使用量角器对黄瓜进行e2e测试。 我正在尝试使用pageObjects组织测试

文件夹结构如下：

特征

|_  step_definitions

  |- login.steps.js

gmail.feature

页面对象

 |- createAccount.js

 |- gmailPage.js

progrator.conf.js

gmail.feature

Feature: Gmail login page

@dev    
Scenario: Create new gmail account
Given I see gmail home page
When I Create an account
Then I should see account creation form

gmailPage.js

'use strict';

var gmail = function () {
this.btnCreateAccount = driver.findElement(By.css('#gmail-create-account'));
};

module.exports = gmail;

'use strict';

var ca = function () {
this.inpFirstName = driver.findElement(By.css('#firstname'));
};

module.exports = ca;

'use strict';

var expect = require('chai').expect;
var gmail = new (require('../../pageObject/gmailPage'))();
var ca = new (require('../../pageObject/createAccount'))();

module.exports = function(){
this.Given(/^I see gmail home page$/, function (callback) {
  driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url){
          expect(url).to.contain('https://www.gmail.com/intl/en/mail/help/about.html');
    callback();
  });
});



this.When(/^I Create an account$/, function (callback) {
  gmail.btnCreateAccount.click();
  callback();
});

this.Then(/^I should see account creation form$/, function (callback) {
  callback();
});

};

createAccount.js

'use strict';

var gmail = function () {
this.btnCreateAccount = driver.findElement(By.css('#gmail-create-account'));
};

module.exports = gmail;

'use strict';

var ca = function () {
this.inpFirstName = driver.findElement(By.css('#firstname'));
};

module.exports = ca;

'use strict';

var expect = require('chai').expect;
var gmail = new (require('../../pageObject/gmailPage'))();
var ca = new (require('../../pageObject/createAccount'))();

module.exports = function(){
this.Given(/^I see gmail home page$/, function (callback) {
  driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url){
          expect(url).to.contain('https://www.gmail.com/intl/en/mail/help/about.html');
    callback();
  });
});



this.When(/^I Create an account$/, function (callback) {
  gmail.btnCreateAccount.click();
  callback();
});

this.Then(/^I should see account creation form$/, function (callback) {
  callback();
});

};

login.steps.js

'use strict';

var gmail = function () {
this.btnCreateAccount = driver.findElement(By.css('#gmail-create-account'));
};

module.exports = gmail;

'use strict';

var ca = function () {
this.inpFirstName = driver.findElement(By.css('#firstname'));
};

module.exports = ca;

'use strict';

var expect = require('chai').expect;
var gmail = new (require('../../pageObject/gmailPage'))();
var ca = new (require('../../pageObject/createAccount'))();

module.exports = function(){
this.Given(/^I see gmail home page$/, function (callback) {
  driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url){
          expect(url).to.contain('https://www.gmail.com/intl/en/mail/help/about.html');
    callback();
  });
});



this.When(/^I Create an account$/, function (callback) {
  gmail.btnCreateAccount.click();
  callback();
});

this.Then(/^I should see account creation form$/, function (callback) {
  callback();
});

};

问题： 当我运行这个测试时，我得到了

“NoSuchElementError”

，因为它正在寻找

WebDriver.findElement（By.cssSelector（“#firstname”）

出现在createAccount.js中

我的问题是，为什么webdriver在调用页面对象之前要在文件中查找所需的页面对象。

---

为什么在使用量角器驱动程序时同样的用例会起作用？

尝试在登录步骤模块中实例化页面对象

'use strict';

var expect = require('chai').expect;
var gmailPage = require('../../pageObject/gmailPage');
var createAccountPage = require('../../pageObject/createAccount');

module.exports = function(){
  var gmail = new gmailPage();
  var ca = new createAccountPage();
  this.Given(/^I see gmail home page$/, function (callback) {
    driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url){
      expect(url).to.contain('https://www.gmail.com/intl/en/mail/help/about.html');
      callback();
    });
  });

  this.When(/^I Create an account$/, function (callback) {
    gmail.btnCreateAccount.click();
    callback();
  });

  this.Then(/^I should see account creation form$/, function (callback) {
    callback();
  });

};

---

你是对的，它会起作用的。但是，我想了解为什么在使用webdriver-driver时会发生这种情况，而在使用量角器驱动程序-ptor时不会发生这种情况。所以，您的问题应该更具体一些。