为什么使用SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.withAfterClasses方法会显示隐藏的MultipleFailureException错误消息

为什么我的spring测试设置失败，并出现以下不太有用的错误消息？欢迎所有建议

JUnit输出

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/junit/runners/model/MultipleFailureException
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.withAfterClasses(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:188)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.classBlock(ParentRunner.java:145)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:235)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run (SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:163)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.junit.runners.model.MultipleFailureException
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
... 10 more

@Service 

public class PipApps {

@Resource( name = "apps" )
private Properties apps;

@Autowired
private SitePreferenceHandler sitePreferenceHandler;

@Autowired
private PipsTable pipsTable;

private SitePreference sitePreference;

private Device device;  

public PipApps( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ){
    sitePreference = sitePreferenceHandler.handleSitePreference( request, response );
    device = DeviceUtils.getRequiredCurrentDevice( request );
}

public Properties getApps(){
    return apps;
}

public Device getDevice(){
    return device;
}

public SitePreference getSitePreference(){
    return sitePreference;
}

public DeviceRouteTable getPipsTable(){
    return pipsTable;
}
}

@RunWith( SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class )
@ContextConfiguration( locations={"src/test/resources/PipAppsTest-context.xml"} )

public class PipAppsTest {

@Mock
SitePreferenceHandler sitePreferenceHandler;

@Autowired
PipApps pipApps;

...
}

控制台输出

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/junit/runners/model/MultipleFailureException
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.withAfterClasses(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:188)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.classBlock(ParentRunner.java:145)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:235)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run (SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:163)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.junit.runners.model.MultipleFailureException
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
... 10 more

@Service 

public class PipApps {

@Resource( name = "apps" )
private Properties apps;

@Autowired
private SitePreferenceHandler sitePreferenceHandler;

@Autowired
private PipsTable pipsTable;

private SitePreference sitePreference;

private Device device;  

public PipApps( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ){
    sitePreference = sitePreferenceHandler.handleSitePreference( request, response );
    device = DeviceUtils.getRequiredCurrentDevice( request );
}

public Properties getApps(){
    return apps;
}

public Device getDevice(){
    return device;
}

public SitePreference getSitePreference(){
    return sitePreference;
}

public DeviceRouteTable getPipsTable(){
    return pipsTable;
}
}

@RunWith( SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class )
@ContextConfiguration( locations={"src/test/resources/PipAppsTest-context.xml"} )

public class PipAppsTest {

@Mock
SitePreferenceHandler sitePreferenceHandler;

@Autowired
PipApps pipApps;

...
}

信息：org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContextBootstrapper-从位置[META-INF/spring.factories]加载默认TestExecutionListener类名：[org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener，org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener，org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener，org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlscriptstexecutionListener] 信息：org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContextBootstrapper-无法实例化TestExecutionListener[org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.sqlscriptsteExecutionListener]。请指定自定义侦听器类或使默认侦听器类（及其所需依赖项）可用。有问题的类：[org/springframework/transaction/interceptor/TransactionAttribute] 信息：org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContextBootstrapper-无法实例化TestExecutionListener[org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener]。请指定自定义侦听器类或使默认侦听器类（及其所需依赖项）可用。有问题的类：[org/springframework/transaction/interceptor/TransactionAttributeSource] 信息：org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContextBootstrapper-使用TestExecutionListeners：[org.springframework.test.context.web。ServletTestExecutionListener@76959acc，org.springframework.test.context.support。DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@57e603e6，org.springframework.test.context.support。DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener@3e0a1e1f]

这是目标代码段

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/junit/runners/model/MultipleFailureException
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.withAfterClasses(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:188)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.classBlock(ParentRunner.java:145)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:235)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run (SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:163)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.junit.runners.model.MultipleFailureException
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
... 10 more

@Service 

public class PipApps {

@Resource( name = "apps" )
private Properties apps;

@Autowired
private SitePreferenceHandler sitePreferenceHandler;

@Autowired
private PipsTable pipsTable;

private SitePreference sitePreference;

private Device device;  

public PipApps( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ){
    sitePreference = sitePreferenceHandler.handleSitePreference( request, response );
    device = DeviceUtils.getRequiredCurrentDevice( request );
}

public Properties getApps(){
    return apps;
}

public Device getDevice(){
    return device;
}

public SitePreference getSitePreference(){
    return sitePreference;
}

public DeviceRouteTable getPipsTable(){
    return pipsTable;
}
}

@RunWith( SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class )
@ContextConfiguration( locations={"src/test/resources/PipAppsTest-context.xml"} )

public class PipAppsTest {

@Mock
SitePreferenceHandler sitePreferenceHandler;

@Autowired
PipApps pipApps;

...
}

和测试片段

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/junit/runners/model/MultipleFailureException
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.withAfterClasses(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:188)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.classBlock(ParentRunner.java:145)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:235)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run (SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:163)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.junit.runners.model.MultipleFailureException
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
... 10 more

@Service 

public class PipApps {

@Resource( name = "apps" )
private Properties apps;

@Autowired
private SitePreferenceHandler sitePreferenceHandler;

@Autowired
private PipsTable pipsTable;

private SitePreference sitePreference;

private Device device;  

public PipApps( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ){
    sitePreference = sitePreferenceHandler.handleSitePreference( request, response );
    device = DeviceUtils.getRequiredCurrentDevice( request );
}

public Properties getApps(){
    return apps;
}

public Device getDevice(){
    return device;
}

public SitePreference getSitePreference(){
    return sitePreference;
}

public DeviceRouteTable getPipsTable(){
    return pipsTable;
}
}

@RunWith( SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class )
@ContextConfiguration( locations={"src/test/resources/PipAppsTest-context.xml"} )

public class PipAppsTest {

@Mock
SitePreferenceHandler sitePreferenceHandler;

@Autowired
PipApps pipApps;

...
}

更新——2015年9月

如果JUnit4.9不在类路径中，SpringFramework4.2.2会抛出一个更有意义的异常。有关详细信息，请参阅

---

以下是

SpringJUnit4ClassRunner

类级Javadoc的摘录：

注意：从SpringFramework4.1开始，这个类需要JUnit4.9或更高版本

JUnit4.9中引入了有问题的类，

MultipleFailureException

这就是为什么您的测试失败，出现了

ClassNotFoundException

因此，升级到JUnit4.9（最好是4.12）将解决您的问题

问候,

---

Sam（SpringTestContext框架的作者）

什么不太有用？从堆栈跟踪来看，您使用的是与Spring Test不兼容的JUnit 4版本。我使用的是JUnit 4.7。我现在按照您的建议将其升级到最新的JUnit 4.12版本。错误已停止发生。尽管错误消息很神秘，因此不是很有用。但是我想这种含糊不清背后有一个很好的原因。嗨，我在我的项目中将Junit版本升级到了4.9，但我仍然收到了相同的错误。如果您从Spring收到消息说需要Junit 4.9，那么您还没有成功地将您的项目升级到使用Junit 4.9。例如，您可能正在使用不同版本的JUn因此，请验证JUnit是如何被拉入依赖关系图的。