Ubuntu 通过虚拟终端在U盘中创建备份

我是Ubuntu 13.10的新手。由于某些错误，登录后会显示一个黑屏。我想把重要文件备份到U盘里。所以我登录到虚拟终端，以便复制这些文件

我不打算通过USB磁盘启动。我只需要将一些文件从我的本地目录复制到我的USB磁盘。我该怎么做呢

请帮帮我。 这是非常重要的。 提前谢谢

写入

sudo fdisk -l

它会显示你所有的硬盘，包括U盘。（/dev/something）

如果尚未装入，则可以将其装入/media/{任意}

你可能想检查它是否已经自动挂载（Ubuntu就是这样）

好吧，我知道你在那里很艰难，所以我给你举个例子。我目前没有带U盘，但我有一个外置硬盘。我将向您展示如何识别它的安装位置：

sudo fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000e0f5d

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048      499711      248832   83  Linux
/dev/sda2          501758   625141759   312320001    5  Extended
/dev/sda5          501760   625141759   312320000   83  Linux

Disk /dev/mapper/sda5_crypt: 319.8 GB, 319813582848 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38881 cylinders, total 624635904 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/sda5_crypt doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/mapper/mint--vg-root: 315.6 GB, 315629764608 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38373 cylinders, total 616464384 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/mint--vg-root doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/mapper/mint--vg-swap_1: 4164 MB, 4164943872 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 506 cylinders, total 8134656 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/mint--vg-swap_1 doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/sdb: 320.0 GB, 320044269568 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38909 cylinders, total 625086464 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0002e085

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048   625086463   312542208    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

您可以看到我有两个物理驱动器（sda和sdb）/如您所见，dev/sda是分区的，其中一个分区是可引导的。这表明它是Linux用作文件系统的硬盘驱动器。第二个驱动器/dev/sdb（320 GB）似乎是我的外部硬盘。我可以从它的大小（320 GB）和文件系统（HPFS/NTFS/exFAT）来验证它——您的U盘可能有这样的文件系统

然后我将检查我的硬盘是否自动安装：

sudo mount
/dev/mapper/mint--vg-root on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
none on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (rw)
none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)
none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)
none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755)
none on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext2 (rw)
binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
systemd on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,none,name=systemd)
//share/ee_groups_hst/PaCo_Ath on /mnt/share type cifs (rw)
gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/1000/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=milonaki)
/dev/sdb1 on /media/mike/WD External type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,default_permissions,blksize=4096)

---

您可以看到/dev/sdb1安装在/media/mike/WD External。如果此命令的输出没有提供包含/dev/sdb的行，那么我应该手动装入外部硬盘。

很好，但我仍然停留在sofSB的名称上。我做到了：sudo-fdisk-l。它在我的U盘旁边显示了/dev/sdb1。那么我是否需要写入提供sudo fdisk-l的输出请注意，您不是从U盘启动的，对吗？你只想在我拿到文件时把文件从硬盘复制到U盘上。如果是这样，则不需要装载/path/to/documents。cp/path/to/documents/path/where/usb/is/mounted将完成此工作。我如何知道usb安装在何处？我无法理解像这样的fdisk-l的输出。你能给出：sudo mount，然后sudo fdisk-l并粘贴输出格式化，在你原来的问题？（编辑原始问题并添加这两个命令的输出）

sudo mount
/dev/mapper/mint--vg-root on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
none on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (rw)
none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)
none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)
none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755)
none on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext2 (rw)
binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
systemd on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,none,name=systemd)
//share/ee_groups_hst/PaCo_Ath on /mnt/share type cifs (rw)
gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/1000/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=milonaki)
/dev/sdb1 on /media/mike/WD External type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,default_permissions,blksize=4096)