UML-在序列图中提升参与者

我有一个参与者——只是一个例子——网站，在UML2序列图中称为“访问者”。此参与者与边界对象交互，发送凭据并获取会话令牌。完成后，我想将这个参与者提升为“经过身份验证的用户”

我希望保留“访问者”和“经过身份验证的用户”，因为它们代表不同的角色，并且与系统具有不同的交互。（访问者的用例不是“已验证用户”的子集，因为访问者会收到广告等。）

现在，我可以为“已验证用户”创建一条单独的生命线，并在适当的位置为其创建一条“创建”消息，为“访问者”创建一条“销毁”消息，但这看起来真的很尴尬

---

我也可以创建一个“>”原型，但一般公认的方法是什么？

如果你将他们建模为不同的参与者（以及不同的分类器），那么你可以从一个角色移动到另一个角色。如果你是某种类型的人，你就不能在有生之年改变这种类型。 因此，在这种情况下，您别无选择，只能从一个新的“已验证用户”开始

刻板印象属于元世界。因此，除非您正在创建自己的UML概要文件来支持您的建模方法，否则您不应该触及原型。

可执行UML（nee Shlaer Mellor）支持子类型迁移的概念。然而，大多数面向对象语言都没有。虽然这是一个有用的概念，但您需要多行代码来实现它。我建议使用执行迁移的“复制”构造函数。见

ORM建模技术的例子如下 信息建模与关系数据库 作者：特里·哈尔平，托尼·摩根 可以在谷歌图书中找到。

想象一下，当“访问者”升级到“认证用户”时，系统中的某个地方实际上诞生了一个化身。它不是系统中的“访客”，而是他/她的化身。因此，在我看来，用自己的生命线创建另一个actor对象似乎没问题

（当然，您可以在泛型

User

类中使用一个简单的

boolean

开关来实现存在的两种不同的“状态”，但这不是您想要的….）

我可能会使用

• 类图：

• 序列图：

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或者类似的东西

简短的快速回答

应用“原型”和“注释”扩展U.M.L.图表

冗长乏味的扩展答案

你的问题是正确的

在“序列图”中没有直接的通用标准

间接地，我看到许多“序列图”（如本例）将其拆分为两个或多个图，其中有一个图表示“访问者注册到网站”，另一个图表示“访问者通过登录到网站成为用户”，它扩展了第一个图

请记住，许多“序列图”由一个小的“用例图”表示，带有“参与者”，并且“参与者”和“用例图”都可以使用

原型

一个“用户”

Actor

被另一个

Actor

扩展的例子，[没有

用例]/code>，可以是这样的：

..................................
....(o)...................(o).....
.....|.....................|......
..---+---...............---+---...
.....|......<<extend>>.....|......
.....|<--------------------|......
.....^.....................^......
..../.\.................../.\.....
.../...\................./...\....
..................................
..Visitor.................User....
..................................

....................................................................
......------------------.....................------------------.....
..../...................\................../...................\....
.../.....................\................/.....................\...
..|......Visitor..........|..<<extend>>..|......Visitor..........|..
..|......Arrives To.......|<-------------|......Registers........|..
..|......Website..........|..............|......Into Website.....|..
...\...................../................\...................../...
....\.................../..................\.................../....
.....-------------------....................-------------------.....
....................................................................

这种情况很常见，而且经常被认为是“事实上的”、“标准”。
直接跳转到“序列图”并不坏，也不是一个错误

然而，也许你应该：

[1] 添加一个“访问者到达网站”
用例图，其中包含一个名为“访问者”的参与者

[2] 添加相关的“访问者成为用户，通过注册到网站”
用例图，参与者名为“访问者”

[3] 添加相关的“用户登录到网站”
用例
图，并添加一个名为“用户”的参与者

[4] 使用
原型将前面的图表合并为一个图表

.....................................................................................
....................-------------------..............................................
.................../....................\............................................
....(o).........../......................\...........................................
.....|.........../........................\..........................................
..---+---.......|........Visitor...........|.........................................
.....|..........|........Arrives To........|.........................................
.....|.=========|........Website...........|.........................................
.....^..........|..........................|.........................................
..../.\.........|..........................|.........................................
.../...\.........\......................../..........................................
..................\....................../...........................................
..Visitor..........\..................../............................................
....................--------------------.............................................
.............................^.......................................................
.............................|.......................................................
.............................|..<<extends>>..........................................
.............................|.......................................................
....................-------------------..............................................
.................../....................\............................................
....(o).........../......................\...........................................
.....|.........../........................\..........................................
..---+---.......|......Visitor.............|.........................................
.....|..........|......becomes.User........|.........................................
.....|.=========|......by.registering......|.........................................
.....^..........|......Into.Website........|.........................................
..../.\.........|..........................|.........................................
.../...\.........\......................../..........................................
..................\......................O...........................................
...Visitor.........\..................../.\..........................................
.....^..............--------------------...\....+------------------------------+--+..
.....|...................^..................\...| "Visitor" becomes "User",     \ |..
.....|...................|...................\..| by registering,                \|..
.....|..<<extends>>......|..<<extends>>......+--O into website                    +..
.....|...................|................../...|                                 |..
.....|..............-------------------..../....+---------------------------------+..
.....|............./....................\./..........................................
....(o).........../......................O...........................................
.....|.........../........................\..........................................
..---+---.......|.....User Logs............|.........................................
.....|..........|......Into.Website........|.........................................
.....|.=========|..........................|.........................................
.....^..........|..........................|.........................................
..../.\.........|..........................|.........................................
.../...\.........\......................../..........................................
..................\....................../...........................................
....User...........\..................../............................................
....................-------------------..............................................
.....................................................................................

[7] 向每个
序列
图添加注释，表明它描述了一个
用例
图

...................................................................
..................+------------------------------+--+..............
..Visitor.........|  "Visitor" arrives            \ |..............
..................|  to website                    \|..............
....(o)..O--------O                                 +..............
..---+---.........|                                 |..............
.....|............+---------------------------------+..............
.....|.............................................................
.....^..............+---------+..........+-----------+.............
..../.\.............| Website |..........|  Database |.............
.../...\............+----+----+..........+-----+-----+.............
.....|...................|.....................|...................
....+-+-+..............+-+-+.................+-+-+.................
....|   |..Arrives.....|   |..DoSomething()..|   |..DoSomething()..
....|   +=============>+   +---------------->+   +---+.............
....|   |..............|   |.................|   |...|.............
....|   +<-------------+   +<----------------+   +<--+............. 
....|   |..............|   |.................|   |.................
....+-+-+..............+-+-+.................+-+-+.................
...................................................................

.....................................................................................
....................-------------------..............................................
.................../....................\............................................
....(o).........../......................\...........................................
.....|.........../........................\..........................................
..---+---.......|........Visitor...........|....+------------------------------+--+..
.....|..........|........Arrives To........|....|                               \ |..
.....|.=========|........Website...........|....| Detailed by corresponding      \|..
.....^..........|..........................O----O Sequence Diagram                +..
..../.\.........|..........................|....|                                 |..
.../...\.........\......................../.....+---------------------------------+..
..................\....................../...........................................
..Visitor..........\..................../............................................
....................--------------------.............................................
.............................^.......................................................
.............................|.......................................................
.............................|..<<extends>>..........................................
.............................|.......................................................
....................-------------------..............................................
.................../....................\............................................
....(o).........../......................\...........................................
.....|.........../........................\..........................................
..---+---.......|......Visitor.............|....+------------------------------+--+..
.....|..........|......becomes.User........|....|                               \ |..
.....|.=========|......by.registering......|....| Detailed by corresponding      \|..
.....^..........|......into.Website........O----O Sequence Diagram                +..
..../.\.........|..........................|....|                                 |..
.../...\.........\......................../.....+---------------------------------+..
..................\......................O...........................................
...Visitor.........\..................../.\..........................................
.....^..............--------------------...\....+------------------------------+--+..
.....|...................^..................\...| "Visitor" becomes "User",     \ |..
.....|...................|...................\..| by registering,                \|..
.....|..<<extends>>......|..<<extends>>......+--O into website                    +..
.....|...................|................../...|                                 |..
.....|..............-------------------..../....+---------------------------------+..
.....|............./....................\./..........................................
....(o).........../......................O...........................................
.....|.........../........................\..........................................
..---+---.......|.....User Logs............|....+------------------------------+--+..
.....|..........|......into.Website........|....|                               \ |..
.....|.=========|..........................|....| Detailed by corresponding      \|..
.....^..........|..........................O----O Sequence Diagram                +..
..../.\.........|..........................|....|                                 |..
.../...\.........\......................../.....+---------------------------------+..
..................\....................../...........................................
....User...........\..................../............................................
....................-------------------..............................................
.....................................................................................

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
....................-------------------..............................................
.................../....................\............................................
…（o）…/。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
.....|.........../........................\..........................................
…--+--…。|……..访客………..+-----------------------------------+--+。。
…到达…到达…到达…到达…到达。。
…..|..=============|..网站……..|..详细信息由相应\|。。
O---O序列图+。。
..../.\.........|..........................|....|                                 |..
.../...\.........\......................../.....+---------------------------------+..
..................\....................../...........................................
访客。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
....................--------------------.............................................
.............................^.......................................................
.............................|.......................................................
.............................|............................................
.............................|.......................................................
....................-------------------..............................................
.................../....................\............................................
…（o）…/。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
.....|.........../........................\..........................................
..---+---.
.....................................................................................
....................-------------------..............................................
.................../....................\............................................
....(o).........../......................\...........................................
.....|.........../........................\..........................................
..---+---.......|........Visitor...........|.........................................
.....|..........|........Arrives To........|.........................................
.....|.=========|........Website...........|.........................................
.....^..........|..........................|.........................................
..../.\.........|..........................|.........................................
.../...\.........\......................../..........................................
..................\....................../...........................................
..Visitor..........\..................../............................................
....................--------------------.............................................
.............................^.......................................................
.............................|.......................................................
.............................|..<<extends>>..........................................
.............................|.......................................................
....................-------------------..............................................
.................../....................\............................................
....(o).........../......................\...........................................
.....|.........../........................\..........................................
..---+---.......|......Visitor.............|.........................................
.....|..........|......becomes.User........|.........................................
.....|.=========|......by.registering......|.........................................
.....^..........|......Into.Website........|.........................................
..../.\.........|..........................|.........................................
.../...\.........\......................../..........................................
..................\......................O...........................................
...Visitor.........\..................../.\..........................................
.....^..............--------------------...\....+------------------------------+--+..
.....|...................^..................\...| "Visitor" becomes "User",     \ |..
.....|...................|...................\..| by registering,                \|..
.....|..<<extends>>......|..<<extends>>......+--O into website                    +..
.....|...................|................../...|                                 |..
.....|..............-------------------..../....+---------------------------------+..
.....|............./....................\./..........................................
....(o).........../......................O...........................................
.....|.........../........................\..........................................
..---+---.......|.....User Logs............|.........................................
.....|..........|......Into.Website........|.........................................
.....|.=========|..........................|.........................................
.....^..........|..........................|.........................................
..../.\.........|..........................|.........................................
.../...\.........\......................../..........................................
..................\....................../...........................................
....User...........\..................../............................................
....................-------------------..............................................
.....................................................................................

...................................................................
..................+------------------------------+--+..............
..Visitor.........|  "Visitor" arrives            \ |..............
..................|  to website                    \|..............
....(o)..O--------O                                 +..............
..---+---.........|                                 |..............
.....|............+---------------------------------+..............
.....|.............................................................
.....^..............+---------+..........+-----------+.............
..../.\.............| Website |..........|  Database |.............
.../...\............+----+----+..........+-----+-----+.............
.....|...................|.....................|...................
....+-+-+..............+-+-+.................+-+-+.................
....|   |..Arrives.....|   |..DoSomething()..|   |..DoSomething()..
....|   +=============>+   +---------------->+   +---+.............
....|   |..............|   |.................|   |...|.............
....|   +<-------------+   +<----------------+   +<--+............. 
....|   |..............|   |.................|   |.................
....+-+-+..............+-+-+.................+-+-+.................
...................................................................

.....................................................................................
....................-------------------..............................................
.................../....................\............................................
....(o).........../......................\...........................................
.....|.........../........................\..........................................
..---+---.......|........Visitor...........|....+------------------------------+--+..
.....|..........|........Arrives To........|....|                               \ |..
.....|.=========|........Website...........|....| Detailed by corresponding      \|..
.....^..........|..........................O----O Sequence Diagram                +..
..../.\.........|..........................|....|                                 |..
.../...\.........\......................../.....+---------------------------------+..
..................\....................../...........................................
..Visitor..........\..................../............................................
....................--------------------.............................................
.............................^.......................................................
.............................|.......................................................
.............................|..<<extends>>..........................................
.............................|.......................................................
....................-------------------..............................................
.................../....................\............................................
....(o).........../......................\...........................................
.....|.........../........................\..........................................
..---+---.......|......Visitor.............|....+------------------------------+--+..
.....|..........|......becomes.User........|....|                               \ |..
.....|.=========|......by.registering......|....| Detailed by corresponding      \|..
.....^..........|......into.Website........O----O Sequence Diagram                +..
..../.\.........|..........................|....|                                 |..
.../...\.........\......................../.....+---------------------------------+..
..................\......................O...........................................
...Visitor.........\..................../.\..........................................
.....^..............--------------------...\....+------------------------------+--+..
.....|...................^..................\...| "Visitor" becomes "User",     \ |..
.....|...................|...................\..| by registering,                \|..
.....|..<<extends>>......|..<<extends>>......+--O into website                    +..
.....|...................|................../...|                                 |..
.....|..............-------------------..../....+---------------------------------+..
.....|............./....................\./..........................................
....(o).........../......................O...........................................
.....|.........../........................\..........................................
..---+---.......|.....User Logs............|....+------------------------------+--+..
.....|..........|......into.Website........|....|                               \ |..
.....|.=========|..........................|....| Detailed by corresponding      \|..
.....^..........|..........................O----O Sequence Diagram                +..
..../.\.........|..........................|....|                                 |..
.../...\.........\......................../.....+---------------------------------+..
..................\....................../...........................................
....User...........\..................../............................................
....................-------------------..............................................
.....................................................................................