Vba 确定变量的完整类型_Vba_Excel

Vba 确定变量的完整类型

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Vba 确定变量的完整类型,vba,excel,Vba,Excel,我所说的变量的完整类型是指在即时窗口中获得的信息类型：我想使用VBA动态确定类型信息。函数TypeName（）没有实现我想要的功能，因为它返回变量的子类型，并且不区分持有范围的变量、持有范围的对象变量和持有范围的范围变量作为初步步骤，我编写了一个函数，用于检测是否向其传递了变量。它通过利用引用传递语义来工作。代码使用其参数执行操作，这些操作只能使用变量执行，因此，如果传递的变量实际上不是变量，则会触发错误： Function IsVariant(var As Variant) As Boo

我所说的变量的完整类型是指在即时窗口中获得的信息类型：

我想使用VBA动态确定类型信息。函数

TypeName（）

没有实现我想要的功能，因为它返回变量的子类型，并且不区分持有范围的变量、持有范围的对象变量和持有范围的范围变量

作为初步步骤，我编写了一个函数，用于检测是否向其传递了变量。它通过利用引用传递语义来工作。代码使用其参数执行操作，这些操作只能使用变量执行，因此，如果传递的变量实际上不是变量，则会触发错误：

Function IsVariant(var As Variant) As Boolean
    Dim temp As Variant
    Dim isVar As Boolean

    If IsObject(var) Then
        Set temp = var
    Else
        temp = var
    End If

    On Error Resume Next
        Set var = New Collection
        var = "test"
        If Err.Number > 0 Then
            isVar = False
        Else
            isVar = True
        End If
    On Error GoTo 0

    If IsObject(temp) Then
        Set var = temp
    Else
        var = temp
    End If
    IsVariant = isVar
End Function

基于此，我写道：

Function FullType(var As Variant) As String
    If IsVariant(var) Then
        FullType = "Variant/" & TypeName(var)
    Else
        FullType = TypeName(var)
    End If
End Function

测试代码：

Sub TestTypes()
    Dim R As Range
    Dim Ob As Object
    Dim i As Integer
    Dim v1 As Variant
    Dim v2 As Variant

    v1 = 10
    i = 10

    Set v2 = Range("A1")
    Set Ob = Range("A2")
    Set R = Range("A3")

    Debug.Print "v1: " & FullType(v1)
    Debug.Print "i: " & FullType(i)
    Debug.Print "v2: " & FullType(v2)
    Debug.Print "Ob: " & FullType(Ob)
    Debug.Print "R: " & FullType(R)  
End Sub

输出：

v1: Variant/Integer
i: Integer
v2: Variant/Range
Ob: Range
R: Range

这几乎就是我想要的——但不区分包含范围的对象变量和包含范围的范围变量。我曾尝试编写一个名为

IsTypeObject

的函数，其工作原理类似于

IsVariant

，但似乎无法使其工作：

Function IsTypeObject(var As Variant) As Boolean
    Dim temp As Variant
    Dim isGeneric As Boolean

    If (Not IsObject(var)) Or IsVariant(var) Then
        IsTypeObject = False
        Exit Function
    End If

    Set temp = var
    On Error Resume Next
        Set var = New Collection
        Set var = ActiveWorkbook
        If Err.Number > 0 Then
            isGeneric = False
        Else
            isGeneric = True
        End If
    On Error GoTo 0

    Set var = temp
    IsTypeObject = isGeneric
End Function

测试：

但这会打印出

True

，即使我认为使

IsVariant

起作用的相同的传递引用语义也会使

IsTypeObject

起作用（您不能将集合分配给范围）。我尝试了各种调整，但似乎无法区分通用对象变量和特定对象变量，如范围变量

那么——关于如何动态获取变量的完整类型，有什么想法吗？（动机是作为调试日志实用程序的一部分）

您拥有确定变量是否已经是变量的代码。现在你需要做的就是得到子类型，对吗？有一个内置函数正好用于：

但它也有局限性。它只适用于本机类型。对于用户定义的类型，它总是返回

vbUserDefinedType

（36）。尽管如此，我想您可以通过调用

TypeName

来完成这项工作

是的，你可以这样做：它需要对指针和“去引用”的概念有一点了解

下面是执行此操作的代码：乍一看，这个函数似乎会弄巧成拙：我通过引用传递变量-变量或简单类型，因此它总是与VT\u BYREF组合。我已经注释掉了“模”运算

…这就是它的实际工作原理：向它传递一个简单的变量，它会告诉您通过引用传递了该变量： …然后得到输出vbString或VT_BYREF：

但是，如果您将字符串变量传递给我们的函数，VBA对该变量的实现将使您免于指针和引用传递的复杂性-一直传递到数据-，并为您的数据去除所有不需要的信息： …然后得到输出：

我将让您使用
VT_BYREF
对返回的值编写一个OR OR NOT操作，为变量/字符串和变量/长输出的扩展字符串描述符提供“Variant/”标签
[编辑：这样做了，它位于答案的顶部，实现为VariantTypeName]
我建议您如图所示声明CopyMemory API调用，并为您可能遇到的所有环境使用条件编译器常量： #如果是VBA7和Win64，则“64位Windows下的64位Excel” '使用LongLong和LongPtr 私有声明PtrSafe子CopyMemory Lib“kernel32”别名“rtlmovemory”_ （如有目的地_ 任何来源_ ByVal长度为LongLong） #ElseIf VBA7然后在所有环境中使用64位Excel '仅使用LongPtr，LongLong不可用私有声明PtrSafe子CopyMemory Lib“kernel32”别名“rtlmovemory”_ （如有目的地_ 任何来源_ ByVal长度与长度相同） #Else'32位Excel 私有声明子CopyMemory Lib“kernel32”别名“rtlmovemory”_ （如有目的地_ 任何来源_ ByVal长度（与长度相同） #如果结束
与此同时，更难的问题——获取变体/对象/范围——还需要进一步研究。我可以告诉你，你的变量包含一个范围，我可以告诉你它是一个变量，而不是它本身是一个范围：但是我不能沿着声明链往下说，既然一个对象指向一个范围，那么它就声明为“object”：
VarX设置为等于范围对象变量： varX:type=8204范围解除引用类型=9 rng1:type=8204范围解除引用的type=16393
VarX设置为等于范围对象的值，即二维数组： varX:type=8204 Variant（）取消引用的类型=8204 arr1:type=8204 Variant（）取消引用的type=8204
数组变量被擦除为空（）。检查varX： varX:type=8204 Variant（）取消引用的类型=8204 arr1:type=8204 Variant（）取消引用的type=8204
VarX设置为等于“对象”变量，该变量已设置为以下范围： varX:type=8204范围解除引用类型=9 obj1:类型=8204范围解除引用类型=16393
以下是生成该代码的代码和完整输出：
公共子TestVar（） Dim-varX作为变体将str1设置为字符串将lng1调暗至最长将rng1设置为Excel.Range Dim-arr1作为变体作为对象的尺寸obj1 调试。打印“未初始化”：调试。打印 Debug.Print vbTab&“varX:type=”&VarType（varX）&vbTab&vbTab&TypeName（varX） Sub test() Dim R As Range Set R = Range("A1") Debug.Print IsTypeObject(R) End Sub Public Function VariantTypeName(ByRef MyVariant) As String ' Returns the expanded type name of a variable, indicating ' whether it's a simple data type (eg: Long Integer), or a ' Variant containing data of that type, eg: "Variant/Long" Dim iType As Integer Const VT_BYREF = &H4000& CopyMemory iType, MyVariant, 2 ' iType now contains the VarType of the incoming parameter ' combined with a bitwise VT_BYREF flag indicating that it ' was passed by reference. In other words, it's a pointer, ' not the data structure of the variable (or a copy of it) ' So we should have VT_BYREF - and we'd always expect to ' when MyVariant is a Variant, as variants are a structure ' which uses a pointer (or pointers) to the stored data... ' However, the VBA implementation of a variant will always ' dereference the pointer - all the pointers - passing us ' straight to the data, stripping out all that information ' about references... If (iType And VT_BYREF) = VT_BYREF Then ' Bitwise arithmetic detects the VT_BYREF flag: VariantTypeName = TypeName(MyVariant) Else ' No VT_BYREF flag. This is a Variant, not a variable: VariantTypeName = "Variant/" & TypeName(MyVariant) End If End Function Public Function DereferencedType(ByRef MyVar) As Long Dim iType As Integer Const VT_BYREF = &H4000& ' The first two bytes of a variable are the type ID with a ' bitwise OR to VT_BYREF if we were passed the variable by ' reference... Which is exactly what this function does: CopyMemory iType, MyVar, 2 DereferencedType = iType ' Mod VT_BYREF 'Use "Mod VT_BYREF" to separate out the type if you want End Function Dim str1 As String str1 = "One Hundred" Debug.Print "String Variable: " & DereferencedType(str1) String Variable: 16392 Dim varX As Variant varX = "One Hundred" Debug.Print "String Variant: " & DereferencedType(varX) String Variant: 8 #If VBA7 And Win64 Then ' 64 bit Excel under 64-bit Windows ' Use LongLong and LongPtr Private Declare PtrSafe Sub CopyMemory Lib "kernel32" Alias "RtlMoveMemory" _ (Destination As Any, _ Source As Any, _ ByVal Length As LongLong) #ElseIf VBA7 Then ' 64 bit Excel in all environments ' Use LongPtr only, LongLong is not available Private Declare PtrSafe Sub CopyMemory Lib "kernel32" Alias "RtlMoveMemory" _ (Destination As Any, _ Source As Any, _ ByVal Length As Long) #Else ' 32 bit Excel Private Declare Sub CopyMemory Lib "kernel32" Alias "RtlMoveMemory" _ (Destination As Any, _ Source As Any, _ ByVal Length As Long) #End If VarX is set equal to a range object variable: varX: type=8204 Range Dereferenced Type=9 rng1: type=8204 Range Dereferenced Type=16393 VarX is set equal to a range object's value, a 2-dimensional array: varX: type=8204 Variant() Dereferenced Type=8204 arr1: type=8204 Variant() Dereferenced Type=8204 The array variable is erased to Empty(). Inspect varX: varX: type=8204 Variant() Dereferenced Type=8204 arr1: type=8204 Variant() Dereferenced Type=8204 VarX is set equal to an 'object' variable, which has been set to a range: varX: type=8204 Range Dereferenced Type=9 obj1: type=8204 Range Dereferenced Type=16393 Public Sub TestVar() Dim varX As Variant Dim str1 As String Dim lng1 As Long Dim rng1 As Excel.Range Dim arr1 As Variant Dim obj1 As Object Debug.Print "Uninitialised:" Debug.Print Debug.Print vbTab & "varX: type=" & VarType(varX) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(varX) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(varX) Debug.Print vbTab & "str1: type=" & VarType(str1) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(str1) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(str1) Debug.Print vbTab & "lng1: type=" & VarType(lng1) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(lng1) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(lng1) Debug.Print varX = "One Hundred" str1 = "One Hundred" lng1 = 100 Debug.Print "varX and str1 are populated with the same literal:" Debug.Print Debug.Print vbTab & "varX: type=" & VarType(varX) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(varX) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(varX) Debug.Print vbTab & "str1: type=" & VarType(str1) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(str1) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(str1) Debug.Print vbTab & "lng1: type=" & VarType(lng1) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(lng1) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(lng1) Debug.Print varX = 100 lng1 = 100 Debug.Print "varX and lng1 are populated with the same integer:" Debug.Print Debug.Print vbTab & "varX: type=" & VarType(varX) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(varX) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(varX) Debug.Print vbTab & "str1: type=" & VarType(str1) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(str1) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(str1) Debug.Print vbTab & "lng1: type=" & VarType(lng1) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(lng1) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(lng1) Debug.Print varX = str1 Debug.Print "VarX is set equal to str1:" Debug.Print Debug.Print vbTab & "varX: type=" & VarType(varX) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(varX) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(varX) Debug.Print vbTab & "str1: type=" & VarType(str1) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(str1) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(str1) Debug.Print varX = lng1 Debug.Print "VarX is set equal to lng1:" Debug.Print Debug.Print vbTab & "varX: type=" & VarType(varX) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(varX) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(varX) Debug.Print vbTab & "lng1: type=" & VarType(lng1) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(lng1) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(lng1) Debug.Print Set varX = ActiveSheet.Range("A1:C3") Debug.Print "VarX is set equal to a range:" Debug.Print Debug.Print vbTab & "varX: type=" & VarType(varX) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(varX) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(varX) Debug.Print Set rng1 = ActiveSheet.Range("A1:C3") Set varX = Nothing Set varX = rng1 Debug.Print "VarX is set equal to a range object variable:" Debug.Print vbTab & "varX: type=" & VarType(varX) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(varX) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(varX) Debug.Print vbTab & "rng1: type=" & VarType(rng1) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(rng1) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(rng1) Debug.Print arr1 = rng1.Value2 Set varX = Nothing varX = arr1 Debug.Print "VarX is set equal to a range object's value, a 2-dimensional array:" Debug.Print vbTab & "varX: type=" & VarType(varX) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(varX) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(varX) Debug.Print vbTab & "arr1: type=" & VarType(rng1) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(arr1) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(arr1) Debug.Print Erase arr1 Debug.Print "The array variable is erased to Empty(). Inspect varX:" Debug.Print vbTab & "varX: type=" & VarType(varX) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(varX) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(varX) Debug.Print vbTab & "arr1: type=" & VarType(rng1) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(arr1) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(arr1) Debug.Print Set obj1 = ActiveSheet.Range("A1:C3") Set varX = Nothing Set varX = obj1 Debug.Print "VarX is set equal to an 'object' variable, which has been set to a range:" Debug.Print vbTab & "varX: type=" & VarType(varX) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(varX) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(varX) Debug.Print vbTab & "obj1: type=" & VarType(rng1) & vbTab & vbTab & TypeName(obj1) & vbTab & "Dereferenced Type=" & DereferencedType(obj1) Debug.Print End Sub Uninitialised: varX: type=0 Empty Dereferenced Type=0 str1: type=8 String Dereferenced Type=16392 lng1: type=3 Long Dereferenced Type=16387 varX and str1 are populated with the same literal: varX: type=8 String Dereferenced Type=8 str1: type=8 String Dereferenced Type=16392 lng1: type=3 Long Dereferenced Type=16387 varX and lng1 are populated with the same integer: varX: type=2 Integer Dereferenced Type=2 str1: type=8 String Dereferenced Type=16392 lng1: type=3 Long Dereferenced Type=16387 VarX is set equal to str1: varX: type=8 String Dereferenced Type=8 str1: type=8 String Dereferenced Type=16392 VarX is set equal to lng1: varX: type=3 Long Dereferenced Type=3 lng1: type=3 Long Dereferenced Type=16387 VarX is set equal to a range: varX: type=8204 Range Dereferenced Type=9 VarX is set equal to a range object variable: varX: type=8204 Range Dereferenced Type=9 rng1: type=8204 Range Dereferenced Type=16393 VarX is set equal to a range object's value, a 2-dimensional array: varX: type=8204 Variant() Dereferenced Type=8204 arr1: type=8204 Variant() Dereferenced Type=8204 The array variable is erased to Empty(). Inspect varX: varX: type=8204 Variant() Dereferenced Type=8204 arr1: type=8204 Variant() Dereferenced Type=8204 VarX is set equal to an 'object' variable, which has been set to a range: varX: type=8204 Range Dereferenced Type=9 obj1: type=8204 Range Dereferenced Type=16393