wxPython简单GUI难以实现

我已经在GNU/Linux上研究Python3.8和Wxpython4（Phoenix）很多天了，但进展甚微。我需要一个非常简单的GUI，一个滚动的画布占据了全屏窗口的大部分，一个滚动的面板在下面包含大约4行文本。我想在画布和面板周围留些空白。我希望能够自动（而不是绝对）定位。我遇到的问题是1）滚动条没有出现，2）我使用的是绝对定位，我甚至不确定我放置的测码器是否正常工作

我一直在四处闲逛，尝试各种变化。我已经阅读了我使用的所有调用的API文档。我看过演示和样品。我已经看过了我能找到的关于奥莱利的每一本书。我仍然觉得我对wxPython的架构还不太了解。我用Python、TkInter和Qt以及其他语言开发了许多其他GUI应用程序。所以，我觉得这里很闷

以下是当前应用程序的外观：

这是我目前的代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python3.8

import wx

class MainWindow(wx.Frame):

  def __init__(self, title):

    screen_x = wx.SystemSettings.GetMetric(wx.SYS_SCREEN_X)
    screen_y = wx.SystemSettings.GetMetric(wx.SYS_SCREEN_Y)
    size_value = wx.Size(screen_x, screen_y)

    wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, title=title, size=size_value)
    # why does this not work?
    # super(MainWindow, self).__init__(self, None, title=title,
    #                                  size=size_value)

    canvas1 = wx.ScrolledCanvas(self, size=wx.Size(screen_x-30, 300),
                                pos=wx.Point(15, 15))
    canvas1.SetBackgroundColour('#cc20cc')
    canvas1.AlwaysShowScrollbars(True, True)
    canvas1.SetAutoLayout(1)
    canvas1.SetScrollbar(wx.VERTICAL, 0, 10, 100)
    canvas1.SetScrollbar(wx.HORIZONTAL, 0, 10, 100)
    canvas1.SetScrollRate(1, 1)

    # with open('/home/kbuchs/.emacs') as fp:
    #     txt_value = fp.read()
    # txt = wx.StaticText(canvas1, label=txt_value)

    canvas2 = wx.ScrolledCanvas(self, size=wx.Size(screen_x-30, 1000),
                                pos=wx.Point(15, 315))
    canvas2.SetBackgroundColour('#d0d020')
    canvas2.AlwaysShowScrollbars(True, True)
    canvas2.SetAutoLayout(1)
    canvas2.SetScrollRate(1, 1)

    with open('/home/kbuchs/.bashrc') as fp:
        txt_value2 = fp.read()
    txt2 = wx.StaticText(canvas2, label=txt_value2)

    sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
    self.sizer = sizer

    sizer.Add(canvas1, wx.ID_ANY, wx.ALL, 20)
    sizer.Add(canvas2, wx.ID_ANY, wx.ALL, 40)

    self.Show()


app = wx.App()
MainWindow('Git Branch History')
app.MainLoop()

美国东部时间6月3日10:30更新。 下面是我在萨克森州的Rolf示例之后对代码的最新修订尝试。两个txt部分（如果未注释）似乎没有写入画布/面板，但在框架顶部重叠。而且，仍然没有滚动

#!/usr/bin/env python3.8

import wx
import wx.lib.scrolledpanel as sp

class MainWindow(wx.Frame):

  def __init__(self, title):

    screen_x = wx.SystemSettings.GetMetric(wx.SYS_SCREEN_X)
    screen_y = wx.SystemSettings.GetMetric(wx.SYS_SCREEN_Y)
    size_value = wx.Size(screen_x, screen_y)

    super(MainWindow, self).__init__(None, title=title, size=size_value)

    # canvas1 = wx.ScrolledCanvas(self, id=-1,
    canvas1 = sp.ScrolledPanel(self, id=-1,
                               size=wx.Size(screen_x, screen_y-200))
                                # pos=wx.Point(15, 15))
    canvas1.SetBackgroundColour('#ccffff')
    canvas1.AlwaysShowScrollbars(True, True)
    canvas1.SetAutoLayout(1)
    canvas1.SetupScrolling()

    with open('/home/kbuchs/.emacs') as fp:
        txt_value1 = fp.read()
    long_line = 900*'-' + '\n'
    # txt1 = wx.StaticText(canvas1, label=long_line+txt_value1)
    # txt1.SetBackgroundColour('#eeffff')

    # txt1Sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
    # txt1Sizer.Add(txt1, proportion=0, border=5)

    canvas1Sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
    canvas1Sizer.Add(canvas1, proportion=0, flag=wx.CENTER|wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, border=5)
    # canvas1Sizer.Add(txt1Sizer, proportion=0)
    # canvas1Sizer.Add(txt1, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)

    # canvas2 = wx.ScrolledCanvas(self, id=-1,
    canvas2 = sp.ScrolledPanel(self, id=-1,
                               size=wx.Size(screen_x, 200))
                                # pos=wx.Point(15, 315))

    canvas2.SetBackgroundColour('#ffffcc')
    canvas2.AlwaysShowScrollbars(True, True)
    canvas2.SetAutoLayout(1)
    canvas2.SetupScrolling()

    with open('/home/kbuchs/.bashrc') as fp:
        txt_value2 = fp.read()
    # txt2 = wx.StaticText(canvas2, label=long_line+txt_value2)
    # txt2.SetBackgroundColour('#ffffee')

    canvas2Sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
    canvas2Sizer.Add(canvas2, proportion=0, flag=wx.CENTER|wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, border=5)
    # canvas2Sizer.Add(txt2, proportion=0, flag=wx.CENTER|wx.ALL, border=20)

    sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
    self.sizer = sizer

    sizer.Add(canvas1Sizer, proportion=0, flag=wx.CENTER|wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, border=5)
    sizer.Add(canvas2Sizer, proportion=0, flag=wx.CENTER|wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, border=5)

    self.Show()


app = wx.App()
MainWindow('Git Branch History')
app.MainLoop()

---

我要把你的画布扔掉，换成TextCtrl，你可以使用任何符合你要求的东西。
希望，这将为你指明正确的方向，它有足够的力量为你指明方向

import wx

class MainWindow(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, title):

        screen_x = wx.SystemSettings.GetMetric(wx.SYS_SCREEN_X)
        screen_y = wx.SystemSettings.GetMetric(wx.SYS_SCREEN_Y)
        size_value = wx.Size(screen_x, screen_y)

        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent, title=title, size=size_value)

        #Define widgets
        tc1 = wx.TextCtrl(self, size=wx.Size(screen_x-30, 200),
            style= wx.TE_MULTILINE|wx.TE_PROCESS_ENTER|wx.TE_DONTWRAP|wx.TE_AUTO_URL)
        tc1.SetBackgroundColour('#cc2000')

        # Some Control buttons
        self.b1 = wx.Button(self, -1, "Button 1")
        self.b2 = wx.Button(self, -1, "Button 2")
        self.b3 = wx.Button(self, -1, "Quit")

        tc2 = wx.TextCtrl(self, size=wx.Size(screen_x-30, 1000),
            style= wx.TE_MULTILINE|wx.TE_PROCESS_ENTER|wx.TE_DONTWRAP)
        tc2.SetBackgroundColour('#d0d020')

        #Bind events to functions
        self.b3.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnQuit)

        #Load initial data
        try:
            with open('tips.txt') as fp:
                txt_value2 = fp.read()
        except:
            txt_value2 = "tips.txt file not found"

        txt_value2 = txt_value2 * 20

        tc1.AppendText("No data yet\n")
        tc1.AppendText("www.nodatayet.com\n")
        tc1.AppendText("                                 "*20)
        tc1.AppendText("X\n")

        tc2.write(txt_value2)

        #Define sizers
        sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        button_sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)

        #Populate sizers
        button_sizer.Add(self.b1)
        button_sizer.Add(self.b2)
        button_sizer.Add(self.b3)

        sizer.Add(tc1, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=20)
        sizer.Add(button_sizer, proportion=0, flag=wx.LEFT, border=40)
        sizer.Add(tc2, proportion=1, flag=wx.ALL, border=40)

        self.SetSizer(sizer)
        self.Show()

    def OnQuit(self, event):
        self.Destroy()

app = wx.App()
MainWindow(None,'Git Branch History')
app.MainLoop()

---

我再试试看，因为你修改了问题，但没有发表评论，所以我不知道。
您似乎对

SetSizer

有一个盲点，在评论中提到过两次，并在我的第一个答案中使用过。
这就像打包你的手提箱，然后带着你的背包去度假

这是您的第二个代码示例，已修改

import wx
import wx.lib.scrolledpanel as sp

class MainWindow(wx.Frame):

  def __init__(self, title):

    screen_x = wx.SystemSettings.GetMetric(wx.SYS_SCREEN_X)
    screen_y = wx.SystemSettings.GetMetric(wx.SYS_SCREEN_Y)
    size_value = wx.Size(screen_x, screen_y)

    super(MainWindow, self).__init__(None, title=title, size=size_value)

    canvas1 = sp.ScrolledPanel(self, id=-1,)

    canvas1.SetBackgroundColour('#ccffff')
    canvas1.SetupScrolling(scroll_x=True, scroll_y=True, rate_x=20, rate_y=20, scrollToTop=True, scrollIntoView=True)
    canvas1.AlwaysShowScrollbars(True, True)

    with open('tips.txt') as fp:
        txt_value1 = fp.read()
    long_line = 600*'y' + 'X\n'
    txt1 = wx.StaticText(canvas1, label=long_line+txt_value1)
    txt1.SetBackgroundColour('#eeffff')

    canvas1Sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
    canvas1Sizer.Add(txt1, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, border=5)

    canvas2 = sp.ScrolledPanel(self, id=-1)

    canvas2.SetBackgroundColour('#ffffcc')
    canvas2.SetupScrolling(scroll_x=True, scroll_y=True, rate_x=20, rate_y=20, scrollToTop=True, scrollIntoView=True)
    canvas2.AlwaysShowScrollbars(True, True)

    with open('tips.txt') as fp:
        txt_value2 = fp.read()
    txt2 = wx.StaticText(canvas2, label=long_line+txt_value2)
    txt2.SetBackgroundColour('#ffffee')

    canvas2Sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
    canvas2Sizer.Add(txt2, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, border=20)

    canvas1.SetSizer(canvas1Sizer)
    canvas2.SetSizer(canvas2Sizer)

    sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)

    sizer.Add(canvas1, proportion=1, flag=wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, border=5)
    sizer.Add(canvas2, proportion=1, flag=wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, border=5)

    self.SetSizer(sizer)

    self.Show()

app = wx.App()
MainWindow('Git Branch History')
app.MainLoop()

---

我现在没有时间，但您需要在演出前分配施胶器，即

self.SetSizer（施胶器）

。用浆纱机直接定位可能会产生奇怪的外观。一开始，施胶器会让你发疯；）隐马尔可夫模型？sizer的东西都在演出之前。是的，但是你忽略了设置sizer，这就是我的观点！谢谢，罗尔夫。我想你指的是为主窗口wx.Frame设置大小。为此，我使用了self.sizer=sizer，我知道self.SetSizer就是这么做的。我发现我对每个画布所需的单独的尺寸标注器感到困惑，因为我实际上将这些尺寸标注器添加到了wx.Frame中。但是我发现我应该把画布添加到框架中，并为每个画布设置大小。我想我有一个心理图像问题，认为一个尺寸器包含它所尺寸的东西（比如Tk）。有趣的是，每个画布尺寸器中只有一个东西，静态文本。在这种情况下，这些施胶器是必要的吗？回答我自己的问题-是的，这些施胶器是必要的。