Android 与依赖冲突'；support:supportannotations'；在项目&x27；中：应用程序&x27；。应用程序和测试应用程序的解析版本不同

今天我在安卓工作室开始了一个新项目。一切顺利，没有差错。添加项目后，我在android studio中借助Firebase助手工具将项目与Firebase实时数据库连接

然后我得到这个错误：

Error:Execution failed for task ':app:preDebugAndroidTestBuild'.
> Conflict with dependency 'com.android.support:support-annotations' in project ':app'. Resolved versions for app (23.0.0) and test app (25.4.0) differ. See https://d.android.com/r/tools/test-apk-dependency-conflicts.html for details.

我发现错误主要来自于在我的app level

build.gradle

文件末尾添加这一行。因为当我把它注释掉时，它构建得很好

apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'

我对gradle建筑系统知之甚少。仅连接到firebase并添加firebase数据库依赖项会有什么问题

我需要检查的资源 我的应用程序：

build.gradle

：

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 27
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.learning.insanes.chothavandar"
        minSdkVersion 21
        targetSdkVersion 27
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.0.2'
//    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-database:11.6.0'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.1'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.1'
}
apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
buildscript {

    repositories {
        google()
        jcenter()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.0.1'


        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
        // in the individual module build.gradle files
        classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:3.1.1'
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        jcenter()
    }
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

我的项目：

build.gradle

：

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 27
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.learning.insanes.chothavandar"
        minSdkVersion 21
        targetSdkVersion 27
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.0.2'
//    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-database:11.6.0'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.1'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.1'
}
apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
buildscript {

    repositories {
        google()
        jcenter()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.0.1'


        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
        // in the individual module build.gradle files
        classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:3.1.1'
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        jcenter()
    }
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

试试这个：

 androidTestCompile ("com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.1") {
      exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
 }

---

为了更好地理解应用程序中的

，请查看此项：依赖项中的build.gradle文件添加以下行，或者如果已经存在，则将其更改为：

依赖关系{ .. 实现'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.4.0' ..

---

}

请详细说明您的答案。我应该把这个放在哪里？我的问题到底是什么？它将如何帮助解决我的问题？在你的应用程序build.gradle中有一行代码

androidTestImplementation'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso core:3.0.1'

。把它换成我贴的那个。它将排除报告的库模块。出现此错误是因为您试图编译同一库的两个不同版本。阅读我建议的链接以更好地理解您的问题谢谢。你的解决方案有效。如果您还有

test:runner

作为测试依赖项，请记住添加：

androidTestImplementation（“com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.1”）{排除组：“com.android.support”，模块：“support annotations”}