使用angular2材料组件在angular2.0中运行ng测试时失败的测试用例

我在应用程序中使用angular2.0

我安装了angular2材料组件，并导入所需模块

我试着为我的一个组件编写测试用例

//关于.component.html

<md-card>
    <h3>{{title}}</h3>
    <md-card-content>
           <button md-raised-button class="md-raised md-primary primary-bg" (click)="fnnavigate()">CHOOSE </button> 
    </md-card-content>
</md-card>

//关于.component.spec.ts

import { ComponentFixture, TestBed  } from '@angular/core/testing';
import { By }              from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { DebugElement }    from '@angular/core';
import { async, inject } from '@angular/core/testing';
import { AboutComponent } from './about.component';
import { Router} from '@angular/router';

class RouterStub {
  navigateByUrl(url: string) { return url }
}



let comp: AboutComponent;
let fixture: ComponentFixture<AboutComponent>;


describe('Component: About', () => {


  beforeEach(() => {
    TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      declarations: [AboutComponent], 
     providers: [
        { provide: Router, useClass: RouterStub }
      ]
     });

     fixture = TestBed.createComponent(AboutComponent);
     comp = fixture.componentInstance; 

  });
   it('should have title property', () => {
    comp.ngOnInit();
    expect(comp.title).toBe("welcome");
   });

  it('should tell ROUTER to navigate when button clicked',
     inject([Router], (router: Router) => {
       comp.fnNavigate(); // trigger >
        ...................
    }));

});

当我进行ng测试时，我得到：

Error: Template parse errors:
        'md-card-content' is not a known element:
        1. If 'md-card-content' is an Angular component, then verify that it is
part of this module.
        2. If 'md-card-content' is a Web Component then add "CUSTOM_ELEMENTS_SCH
EMA" to the '@NgModule.schema' of this component to suppress the message.

AboutComponent@34:4
        'md-card' is not a known element:
        1. If 'md-card' is an Angular component, then verify that it is part of
this module.
        2. If 'md-card' is a Web Component then add "CUSTOM_ELEMENTS_SCHEMA" to
the '@NgModule.schema' of this component to suppress the message. AboutComponent@32:0
            at TemplateParser.parse (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/0.bun
dle.js:7320:19)
            at RuntimeCompiler._compileTemplate (http://localhost:9876/_karma_we
bpack_/0.bundle.js:15619:51)
            at http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/0.bundle.js:15542:83
            at Set.forEach (native)
            at compile (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/0.bundle.js:15542:
47)
            at RuntimeCompiler._compileComponents (http://localhost:9876/_karma_
webpack_/0.bundle.js:15544:13)
            at RuntimeCompiler._compileModuleAndAllComponents (http://localhost:
9876/_karma_webpack_/0.bundle.js:15461:37)
            at RuntimeCompiler.compileModuleAndAllComponentsSync (http://localho
st:9876/_karma_webpack_/0.bundle.js:15449:21)
            at TestingCompilerImpl.compileModuleAndAllComponentsSync (http://loc
alhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/0.bundle.js:20491:35)
            at TestBed._initIfNeeded (webpack:///D:/myFolder/transfer(9)/transfer/~
/@angular/core/bundles/core-testing.umd.js:1059:0 <- src/test.ts:4427:40)

错误：模板分析错误：
“md卡内容”不是已知元素：
1.如果“md卡内容”是一个角度组件，则验证它是否为角度组件
本模块的一部分。
2.如果“md卡内容”是Web组件，则添加“自定义元素”
EMA“到该组件的'@NgModule.schema'以抑制消息。
AboutComponent@34:4
“md卡”不是已知元素：
1.如果“md卡”是一个角度组件，则验证它是
这个模块。
2.如果“md卡”是Web组件，则将“自定义元素\架构”添加到
此组件的'@NgModule.schema'用于抑制消息。AboutComponent@32:0
在TemplateParser.parse(http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/0.bun
（见附件js:7320:19）
在运行时编译器上(http://localhost:9876/_karma_we
bpack_/0.bundle.js:15619:51）
在http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/0.bundle.js:15542:83
at Set.forEach（本机）
编译时(http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/0.bundle.js:15542:
47)
在运行时编译器上(http://localhost:9876/_karma_
webpack\uu0.bundle.js:15544:13）
在运行时编译器上。\编译emoduleandallcomponents(http://localhost:
9876/_karma_网页u/0.bundle.js:15461:37）
在RuntimeCompiler.CompileModule和AllComponents同步(http://localho
st:9876/_karma_网页u/0.bundle.js:15449:21）
在测试CompilerImpl.CompileModule和所有组件时同步(http://loc
alhost:9876/_karma_webpack u/0.bundle.js:20491:35）
在试验台上。如果需要(webpack:///D:/myFolder/transfer（9） /转移/~
/@angular/core/bundles/core testing.umd.js:1059:0与将
MdWhateverModule
导入主应用程序的方式相同，还应将其导入测试台配置

TestBed.configureTestingModule({
  imports: [ MdWhateverModule ],
  declarations: [ AboutComponent ]
})

使用测试平台，您基本上是从零开始为测试环境创建模块。因此，您需要包括将用于测试
AboutComponent
的所有内容。谢谢，如果我在about component中有其他组件，让我们说一下about11.component，about22.component，并在about.c中使用它们component.html使用选择器以及如何测试它们，您需要声明它们的最佳方法是什么，或者如果您不关心测试它们的功能，您可以使用
schema:CUSTOM\u ELEMENTS\u schema
忽略它们。或者您可以创建虚拟组件来代替它们，并将它们添加到声明中可能的dupl副本
Error: Template parse errors:
        'md-card-content' is not a known element:
        1. If 'md-card-content' is an Angular component, then verify that it is
part of this module.
        2. If 'md-card-content' is a Web Component then add "CUSTOM_ELEMENTS_SCH
EMA" to the '@NgModule.schema' of this component to suppress the message.

AboutComponent@34:4
        'md-card' is not a known element:
        1. If 'md-card' is an Angular component, then verify that it is part of
this module.
        2. If 'md-card' is a Web Component then add "CUSTOM_ELEMENTS_SCHEMA" to
the '@NgModule.schema' of this component to suppress the message. AboutComponent@32:0
            at TemplateParser.parse (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/0.bun
dle.js:7320:19)
            at RuntimeCompiler._compileTemplate (http://localhost:9876/_karma_we
bpack_/0.bundle.js:15619:51)
            at http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/0.bundle.js:15542:83
            at Set.forEach (native)
            at compile (http://localhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/0.bundle.js:15542:
47)
            at RuntimeCompiler._compileComponents (http://localhost:9876/_karma_
webpack_/0.bundle.js:15544:13)
            at RuntimeCompiler._compileModuleAndAllComponents (http://localhost:
9876/_karma_webpack_/0.bundle.js:15461:37)
            at RuntimeCompiler.compileModuleAndAllComponentsSync (http://localho
st:9876/_karma_webpack_/0.bundle.js:15449:21)
            at TestingCompilerImpl.compileModuleAndAllComponentsSync (http://loc
alhost:9876/_karma_webpack_/0.bundle.js:20491:35)
            at TestBed._initIfNeeded (webpack:///D:/myFolder/transfer(9)/transfer/~
/@angular/core/bundles/core-testing.umd.js:1059:0 <- src/test.ts:4427:40)

TestBed.configureTestingModule({
  imports: [ MdWhateverModule ],
  declarations: [ AboutComponent ]
})