Batch file 如何在Windows命令行或批处理文件中搜索字符串中的斜杠或冒号？_Batch File_Cmd

Batch file 如何在Windows命令行或批处理文件中搜索字符串中的斜杠或冒号？

batch-file cmd

Batch file 如何在Windows命令行或批处理文件中搜索字符串中的斜杠或冒号？,batch-file,cmd,Batch File,Cmd,我正在尝试编写一个函数，该函数接受一个参数并将其分类为文件夹名（文件夹）、相对路径名、或绝对路径名到目前为止，我得到的是： @echo off call :classifyInput C:\Users\MikeW echo C:\Users\MikeW is of type %_inputType% call :classifyInput documentation echo documentation is of type %_inputType% goto :EOF :classifyI

我正在尝试编写一个函数，该函数接受一个参数并将其分类为文件夹名（

文件夹

）、

相对路径名

、或

绝对路径名

到目前为止，我得到的是：

@echo off
call :classifyInput C:\Users\MikeW
echo C:\Users\MikeW is of type %_inputType%
call :classifyInput documentation
echo documentation is of type %_inputType%
goto :EOF

:classifyInput
SETLOCAL
set _inputType=
rem // a string is a "name of folder" iff it has no '/', '\\' or ':' in it, and a pathname otherwise
echo %1%|findstr /i [\/:] >nul
if %errorlevel% == 1 set _inputType=FOLDER
echo %errorlevel%
rem // a string is a "relative pathname" iff it has no ':' as its second character, and an absolute pathname otherwise
if _inputType == [] & "%1:~2,1% == :" (
    _inputType=ABSOLUTE_PATHNAME
    echo You gave me absolute pathname.
)

ENDLOCAL & set _inputType=%_inputType%

到目前为止，我的函数在这两种情况下的表现是相同的

此外，Google搜索如何查找字符

，

：

没有返回任何有用的结果。

要回答您的问题，用

，

：

和

findstr

查找字符，您可以使用如下正则表达式：

findstr "[\\/:]"

:classifyInput
SETLOCAL
set _inputType=
set input=%~1

rem // a string is a "name of folder" iff it has no '/', '\\' or ':' in it, and a pathname otherwise
echo %input%|findstr /r "\\\\ / :" >nul
if %errorlevel% == 1 (
    set _inputType=FOLDER
) else (
     if "%input:~1,1%" == ":" (
        set _inputType=ABSOLUTE_PATHNAME
        echo You gave me absolute pathname.
    ) else (
        set _inputType=RELATIVE_PATHNAME
    )
)

ENDLOCAL & set _inputType=%_inputType%

编辑：或者，如果您想在脚本注释中描述的字符串中查找

\\

、

或

：

，您可以使用：

findstr /r "\\\\ / :"

由于

是正则表达式中的转义字符，因此需要将其自身转义，以获得真正的

。将其正则表达式中的空白用作

或运算符
在继续之前，我想指出代码中的一些小错误并帮助您改进：

比较\u inputType=[]
将比较文字字符串“\u inputType”和字符串“[]”。如果要检查变量是否为空，请使用If defined var
，该变量只有在%var%
不为空时才会变为真（对于相反的行为，使用If not
），或者如果“%var%==”
，则使用。但请确保使用相同的分隔符，因为==
运算符将比较每个单个字符：如果abc==“abc”
将不会执行，但是如果“abc”==“abc”
将执行
子字符串提取仅适用于使用set
定义的环境变量。它不适用于参数变量（也不适用于循环变量）。所以%1:~2,1%
不会得到你想要的。它将用其中参数的值替换%1
，并给出类似C:\Users\MikeW:~2,1%
的内容。如果要从参数中提取，则必须使用参数值设置一个变量，并从该变量中提取：
set input=%~1
rem now you can use %input:~2,1%

在您的代码中，我了解到您需要输入的第二个字符：%input:~2,1%
将为您提供第三个字符，而不是第二个字符。如果是子字符串，请将%var:~n，k%
读为第n个字符后的k个字符。因此，您需要的是%输入：~1,1%

我假定您试图在此行上执行和操作：
if _inputType == [] & "%1:~2,1% == :"

不幸的是，和
以及或
运算符不存在于批处理中，因此您必须通过使用连续的if语句（在应用上述修改后）自己“模拟”和
：


最后我得到了这个：
@echo off
call :classifyInput C:\Users\MikeW
echo C:\Users\MikeW is of type %_inputType%
call :classifyInput documentation
echo documentation is of type %_inputType%
call :classifyInput Documents\Folder\inside
echo Documents\Folder\inside is of type %_inputType%
goto :EOF

:classifyInput
SETLOCAL
set _inputType=
set input=%~1

rem // a string is a "name of folder" iff it has no '/', '\\' or ':' in it, and a pathname otherwise
echo %input%|findstr /r "\\\\ / :" >nul
if %errorlevel% == 1 set _inputType=FOLDER

echo %errorlevel%

rem // a string is a "relative pathname" iff it has no ':' as its second character, and an absolute pathname otherwise
if not defined _inputType if "%input:~1,1%" == ":" (
    set _inputType=ABSOLUTE_PATHNAME
    echo You gave me absolute pathname.
) else (
    set _inputType=RELATIVE_PATHNAME
)

ENDLOCAL & set _inputType=%_inputType%

上述脚本将导致以下结果：
0
You gave me absolute pathname.
C:\Users\MikeW is of type ABSOLUTE_PATHNAME
1
documentation is of type FOLDER
0
Documents\Folder\inside is of type RELATIVE_PATHNAME

PS：如果您可以删除echo%errorlevel%
，则可以简化：classifyInput
功能，如下所示：
findstr "[\\/:]"

:classifyInput
SETLOCAL
set _inputType=
set input=%~1

rem // a string is a "name of folder" iff it has no '/', '\\' or ':' in it, and a pathname otherwise
echo %input%|findstr /r "\\\\ / :" >nul
if %errorlevel% == 1 (
    set _inputType=FOLDER
) else (
     if "%input:~1,1%" == ":" (
        set _inputType=ABSOLUTE_PATHNAME
        echo You gave me absolute pathname.
    ) else (
        set _inputType=RELATIVE_PATHNAME
    )
)

ENDLOCAL & set _inputType=%_inputType%

命令SET和IF可用于检查分配给环境变量的字符串是否包含特定字符或字符串
例如：
@echo off
setlocal EnableExtensions
for %%I in ("C:\Users\MikeW" "Folder\FileName" "Folder or file name") do call :ColonBackslash %%I
endlocal
goto :EOF

:ColonBackslash
set "Argument=%~1"

rem Substitute in argument string all colons by nothing and compare this
rem string with unmodified argument string. The argument string contains
rem a colon if the modified and the unmodified strings are not equal.

if not "%Argument::=%" == "%Argument%" (
    echo Colon in argument:        %Argument%
    goto :EOF
)

rem Substitute in argument string all backslashes by nothing and compare
rem this string with unmodified argument string. The argument string
rem contains a backslash if the modified and the unmodified strings
rem are not equal.

if not "%Argument:\=%" == "%Argument%" (
    echo Backslash in argument:    %Argument%
    goto :EOF
)
echo No colon or backslash in: %Argument%
goto :EOF

此批处理文件输出：
Colon in argument:        C:\Users\MikeW
Backslash in argument:    Folder\FileName
No colon or backslash in: Folder or file name

将字符串与替换字符/字符串与未修改字符串进行比较可用于确定输入字符串的类型，如下面的批处理代码所示：
@echo off
setlocal EnableExtensions
for %%I in ("C:\Users\MikeW" "C:\Users\Mi:keW" "documentation" "\\server\share\folder" "\\server\share\folder1\..\folder2" "\\server\share\fo:lder" "\\server\" "\\server\share\folder\..\" "%SystemRoot%\..\" ".\Folder" "..\..\Folder" "\Windows" ">:Invalid") do call :classifyInput %%I
endlocal
goto :EOF

:classifyInput
rem Subroutine called with no parameter or with just "" as parameter.
if "%~1" == "" goto :EOF
set "Argument=%~1"
rem Replace all forward slashes by backslashes in argument string.
set "Argument=%Argument:/=\%"

rem Is the second character a colon and third character a backlash?
if "%Argument:~1,2%" == ":\" goto AbsolutePath

rem Is there a colon anywhere else than at second position in argument?
rem C:Folder is interpreted as invalid argument and not as relative
rem path to subfolder "Folder" of current directory on drive C:.
if not "%Argument::=%" == "%Argument%" (
    echo Invalid argument:  %1
    goto :EOF
)

rem Starts the argument with two backslashes?
if "%Argument:~0,2%" == "\\" goto PathUNC

rem Starts the argument with \ for a path relative to current drive?
if "%Argument:~0,1%" == "\" (
    echo Relative path:     %1
    goto :EOF
)

rem Starts the argument with .\ for a path relative to current directory?
if "%Argument:~0,2%" == ".\" (
    echo Relative path:     %1
    goto :EOF
)

rem Starts the argument with ..\ for a path relative to parent directory?
if "%Argument:~0,3%" == "..\" (
    echo Relative path:     %1
    goto :EOF
)

rem Contains the argument a backslash for a path relative to current directory?
if not "%Argument:\=%" == "%Argument%" (
    echo Relative path:     %1
    goto :EOF
)

echo Name without path: %1
goto :EOF

:AbsolutePath
set "Remaining=%Argument:~2%"
rem Is there a colon anywhere else after second position in argument?
if not "%Remaining::=%" == "%Remaining%" (
    echo Invalid argument:  %1
    goto :EOF
)

rem Is the first character a drive letter if second character is a colon?
set "FirstIsLetter="
for /F "delims=ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" %%# in ("%Argument:~0,1%") do set "FirstIsLetter=%%#"
if not "%FirstIsLetter%" == "" (
    echo Invalid argument:  %1
    goto :EOF
)

rem Contains the absolute path also .\ or ..\ in path?
if "%Argument:.\=%" == "%Argument%" (
    echo Absolute path:     %1
) else (
    echo Abs. + rel. path:  %1
)
goto :EOF

:PathUNC
rem Does the UNC path contain also a colon?
if not "%Argument::=%" == "%Argument%" (
    echo Invalid argument:  %1
    goto :EOF
)

set "ServerName="
set "ShareName="
set "Remaining="
for /F "tokens=1,2* delims=\" %%A in ("%Argument%") do (
    set "ServerName=%%A"
    set "ShareName=%%B
    set "Remaining=%%C"
)

rem Is there no share name specified after server name in UNC path?
if "%ShareName%" == "" (
    echo Invalid argument:  %1
    goto :EOF
)

rem Is there an invalid share name specified after server name in UNC path?
if "%ShareName%" == "." (
    echo Invalid argument:  %1
    goto :EOF
)

rem Is there an invalid share name specified after server name in UNC path?
if "%ShareName%" == ".." (
    echo Invalid argument:  %1
    goto :EOF
)

rem Contains the UNC path also .\ or ..\ in remaining path?
if "%Remaining:.\=%" == "%Remaining%" (
    echo UNC path:          %1
) else (
    echo UNC  + rel. path:  %1
)
goto :EOF

输出为：
Absolute path:     "C:\Users\MikeW"
Invalid argument:  "C:\Users\Mi:keW"
Name without path: "documentation"
UNC path:          "\\server\share\folder"
UNC  + rel. path:  "\\server\share\folder1\..\folder2"
Invalid argument:  "\\server\share\fo:lder"
Invalid argument:  "\\server\"
UNC  + rel. path:  "\\server\share\folder\..\"
Abs. + rel. path:  "C:\WINDOWS\..\"
Relative path:     ".\Folder"
Relative path:     "..\..\Folder"
Relative path:     "\Windows"
Invalid argument:  ">:Invalid"

但是，对于检查参数字符串中的无效路径、文件夹或文件名，此批处理代码不完整。此批处理代码仍有许多可能未检测到的错误
要了解所使用的命令及其工作方式，请打开命令提示符窗口，在其中执行以下命令，并非常仔细地阅读为每个命令显示的所有帮助页面

呼叫/？
echo/？
endlocal/？
获取/？
goto/？
如果/？
rem/？
设置/？
setlocal/？

如果参数字符串不包含或包含任何类型的路径且完全有效，则最好让Windows内核检查参数是否指定独立于现有文件夹或文件。请参阅以下主题：




如果要对不存在的文件夹/文件进行有效性测试，只需创建该文件/文件夹，使用2>nul
（请参阅Microsoft文章）抑制错误消息，并使用检查错误级别1是否为，或使用如果存在“%~1”
检查文件夹/文件是否可以成功创建，或者，如果此操作因无效的文件夹/文件名字符串、拒绝访问、缺少权限等而失败。
前言：这不回答如何搜索字符串以查找/
，\
，：
；它集中于路径的正确分类

首先，我强烈建议避免使用纯字符串操作函数进行路径分类，因为这很容易出错；改用路径相关功能
然后，您需要澄清在以下情况下例程应该输出什么：

输入类似于名称
：您将其称为文件夹
，但这也可能指向文件而不是文件夹，或者它甚至不存在，因此我们不知道它是文件还是文件夹；我对这些项目进行分类PURENAME
；请注意，这只是一个特定的相对路径
输入类似于\name
：这是我分类的相对的
，类似于您（相对路径名
）
输入类似于D:\name
：这是我分类的ABSOLUTE
，与您类似（ABSOLUTE\u路径名