C++ gdb中的奇怪行为

我在代码中遇到了一个非常奇怪的错误

我在程序中使用了一个变量

m_requestedStructures

，调试器在检查它时访问了错误的地址。例如，我在代码中有：

qDebug() << "requested: " << m_requestedStructures << " " << &m_requestedStructures

可以看出，值和地址都不同

我看到的另一个症状是，我有一个函数，

QueueManager:：checkPopulation\uz（）

，我很久以前就删除了它，但gdb仍然试图完成它，如果我在它上设置断点，它将在函数原来所在的位置中断

在我看来，这些符号没有被正确解读。我尝试从一个干净的目录重建，但问题仍然存在。有没有人知道是什么原因造成的，或者如何修复

提前谢谢

编辑：我刚刚尝试在我添加的新函数上设置断点。函数

QueueManager:：run（）

出现在gdb的“完成”选项卡中，但是当我尝试设置断点时，我得到了

the class GlobalSearch::QueueManager does not have any method named run

此外，检查其他变量，包括本地范围的变量和QueueManager的成员，似乎也可以正常工作

这是编译器/链接器输出。包含类的文件是

queuemanager.cpp

，它是静态库

libglobalsearch.a

的一部分，用于动态库

xtalopt.so

：

$ make VERBOSE=1 xtalopt
/usr/bin/cmake -H/git/xtalopt-public -B/git/xtalopt-public/build --check-build-system CMakeFiles/Makefile.cmake 0
make -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 xtalopt
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/usr/bin/cmake -H/git/xtalopt-public -B/git/xtalopt-public/build --check-build-system CMakeFiles/Makefile.cmake 0
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make -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 src/xtalopt/CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/all
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cd /git/xtalopt-public/build && /usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_depends "Unix Makefiles" /git/xtalopt-public /git/xtalopt-public/src/spglib /git/xtalopt-public/build /git/xtalopt-public/build/src/spglib /git/xtalopt-public/build/src/spglib/CMakeFiles/spglib.dir/DependInfo.cmake --color=
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cd /git/xtalopt-public/build && /usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_depends "Unix Makefiles" /git/xtalopt-public /git/xtalopt-public/src/globalsearch /git/xtalopt-public/build /git/xtalopt-public/build/src/globalsearch /git/xtalopt-public/build/src/globalsearch/CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/DependInfo.cmake --color=
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/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_report /git/xtalopt-public/build/CMakeFiles 
[ 33%] Building CXX object src/globalsearch/CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/queuemanager.cpp.o
cd /git/xtalopt-public/build/src/globalsearch && /usr/bin/c++   -DQT_OPENGL_LIB -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -DQT_PLUGIN -DQT_SHARED -D_HAVE_EXECINFO_H_ -DQT_DEBUG -fPIC -g -I/usr/include/QtOpenGL -I/usr/include/QtGui -I/usr/include/QtCore -I/usr/include/eigen2 -I/git/xtalopt-public/build -I/usr/include/openbabel-2.0 -I/git/xtalopt-public/src   -o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/queuemanager.cpp.o -c /git/xtalopt-public/src/globalsearch/queuemanager.cpp
Linking CXX static library libglobalsearch.a
cd /git/xtalopt-public/build/src/globalsearch && /usr/bin/cmake -P CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/cmake_clean_target.cmake
cd /git/xtalopt-public/build/src/globalsearch && /usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/link.txt --verbose=1
/usr/bin/ar cr libglobalsearch.a  CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/optbase.cpp.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/queuemanager.cpp.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/structure.cpp.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/tracker.cpp.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/optimizer.cpp.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/bt.cpp.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/sshconnection.cpp.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/sshmanager.cpp.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/random.cpp.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/ui/abstractdialog.cpp.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/ui/abstracttab.cpp.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/moc_optbase.cxx.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/moc_queuemanager.cxx.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/moc_structure.cxx.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/moc_tracker.cxx.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/moc_optimizer.cxx.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/moc_bt.cxx.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/moc_sshconnection.cxx.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/moc_sshmanager.cxx.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/moc_random.cxx.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/ui/moc_abstractdialog.cxx.o CMakeFiles/globalsearch.dir/ui/moc_abstracttab.cxx.o
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make -f src/xtalopt/CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/build.make src/xtalopt/CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/depend
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cd /git/xtalopt-public/build && /usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_depends "Unix Makefiles" /git/xtalopt-public /git/xtalopt-public/src/xtalopt /git/xtalopt-public/build /git/xtalopt-public/build/src/xtalopt /git/xtalopt-public/build/src/xtalopt/CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/DependInfo.cmake --color=
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Linking CXX shared library xtalopt.so
cd /git/xtalopt-public/build/src/xtalopt && /usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/link.txt --verbose=1
/usr/bin/c++  -fPIC  -fPIC -g  -shared -Wl,-soname,xtalopt.so -o xtalopt.so CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/extension.cpp.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/xtalopt.cpp.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/genetic.cpp.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/structures/xtal.cpp.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/optimizers/xtaloptoptimizer.cpp.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/optimizers/vasp.cpp.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/optimizers/gulp.cpp.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/optimizers/pwscf.cpp.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/optimizers/castep.cpp.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/testing/xtalopttest.cpp.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/ui/dialog.cpp.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/ui/tab_init.cpp.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/ui/tab_edit.cpp.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/ui/tab_opt.cpp.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/ui/tab_sys.cpp.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/ui/tab_progress.cpp.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/ui/tab_plot.cpp.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/ui/tab_log.cpp.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/moc_extension.cxx.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/moc_xtalopt.cxx.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/moc_genetic.cxx.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/structures/moc_xtal.cxx.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/optimizers/moc_xtaloptoptimizer.cxx.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/optimizers/moc_vasp.cxx.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/optimizers/moc_gulp.cxx.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/optimizers/moc_pwscf.cxx.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/optimizers/moc_castep.cxx.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/testing/moc_xtalopttest.cxx.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/ui/moc_dialog.cxx.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/ui/moc_tab_init.cxx.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/ui/moc_tab_edit.cxx.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/ui/moc_tab_opt.cxx.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/ui/moc_tab_sys.cxx.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/ui/moc_tab_progress.cxx.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/ui/moc_tab_plot.cxx.o CMakeFiles/xtalopt.dir/ui/moc_tab_log.cxx.o -lavogadro ../globalsearch/libglobalsearch.a ../spglib/libspglib.a -lQtOpenGL -lGLU -lGL -lSM -lICE -lX11 -lXext -lopenbabel -lQtGui -lQtCore ../libssh/libssh_static.a -lnsl -lresolv -lrt -lz -lssl -lcrypto 
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---

我终于找到了答案！以下是方法：

在gdb中，我使用

info shared

打印内存中的所有共享库。我将其复制到一个文本文件

shared.txt

，并使用以下内容提取库名：

cat shared.txt | grep -v \*|grep -v quit---|grep -v Syms\ Read|grep -v \(gdb\)|awk '{print $4}'>libs

从那里，我用以下方法检查每个库中的符号：

for i in `cat libs|xargs`;do nm --demangle $i|grep checkPopulation; if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo \($i\); fi;done

它打印包含“checkPopulation”的所有符号，后跟包含每个符号的库的名称。我的输出：

000adb18 T GlobalSearch::QueueManager::checkPopulation()
000adb8a T GlobalSearch::QueueManager::checkPopulation_()
(/usr/lib/avogadro/1_1/contrib/randomdock.so)
000db682 T GlobalSearch::QueueManager::checkPopulation()
(/usr/lib/avogadro/1_1/contrib/xtalopt.so)

所以这个“幻影”

checkPopulation\uu

符号来自randomdock.So，它是很久以前针对旧版本的static

libglobalsearch.a

构建的，其中包含现在删除的

GlobalSearch:：QueueManager:：checkPopulation（）

。删除randomdock.so会使一切正常运行

感谢所有的建议——我在追踪这个过程中确实学到了一些新的gdb技巧。这里还有一个关于破坏API的教训；-）

仅供参考：

Grep有一个-e开关，因此您可以一次处理多个表达式。例如：

grep -v -e \* -e quit--- -e Syms\ Read -e \(gdb\) | awk '{print $4}' > libs

nm有一个-a开关（打印文件名）。例如：

---

你确定你没有调试旧的二进制文件吗？如果

program

恰好位于您的

路径中，那么如果您尝试类似
gdb program
而不是
gdb./program
的操作，则可能会发生这种情况。您使用哪些选项编译和链接？什么是编译器/gdb版本？二进制是最新的。如果我对代码进行更改，可执行文件将正常运行，并且自删除
checkPopulation_uuu以来添加的新符号将出现在gdb的制表符完成中。但是，我刚刚尝试在一个新函数上设置断点，
QueueManager:：run（）
，gdb抱怨（请参见编辑）。您没有启用任何编译器优化，是吗？是否尝试进行完整的重建？也许有些对象是根据旧的标题编译的，这会产生非常有趣的bug：DAwesome——感谢您的提示，尤其是grep-e。那会很方便的！
grep -v -e \* -e quit--- -e Syms\ Read -e \(gdb\) | awk '{print $4}' > libs

cat libs | xargs nm -A --demangle | grep checkPopulation