C# 实体框架代码First Fluent Api：向列添加索引

我正在运行EF4.2 CF，希望在POCO对象中的某些列上创建索引

例如，假设我们有一个employee类：

public class Employee
{
  public int EmployeeID { get; set; }
  public string EmployeeCode { get; set; }
  public string FirstName { get; set; }
  public string LastName { get; set; }
  public DateTime HireDate { get; set; }
}

我们经常按员工代码搜索员工，因为有很多员工，所以出于绩效原因，最好将其编入索引

我们可以用fluentapi来实现这一点吗？或者数据注释

我知道可以执行如下sql命令：

context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand("CREATE INDEX IX_NAME ON ...");

    [MetadataType(typeof(UserAccountAnnotations))]
    public partial class UserAccount : IDomainEntity
        {
        [Key]
        public int Id { get; set; } // Unique ID
        sealed class UserAccountAnnotations
            {
            [Index("IX_UserName", unique: true)]
            public string UserName { get; set; }
            }
       }

我非常希望避免这样的原始SQL

我知道这是不存在的，但我在寻找类似的东西：

class EmployeeConfiguration : EntityTypeConfiguration<Employee>
    {
        internal EmployeeConfiguration()
        {
            this.HasIndex(e => e.EmployeeCode)
                .HasIndex(e => e.FirstName)
                .HasIndex(e => e.LastName);
        }
    }

有没有人对如何做到这一点有什么想法，或者如果有任何计划实现一种方法，代码优先的方法

---

更新：正如Robba在回答中提到的，该功能在EF 6.1版中实现了

我最近也对此进行了研究，没有找到其他方法，因此我决定在为数据库设定种子时创建索引：

public class MyDBInitializer : DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<MyContext>
{
    private MyContext _Context;

    protected override void Seed(MyContext context)
    {
        base.Seed(context);
        _Context = context;

        // We create database indexes
        CreateIndex("FieldName", typeof(ClassName));

        context.SaveChanges();
    }

    private void CreateIndex(string field, Type table)
    {
        _Context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(String.Format("CREATE INDEX IX_{0} ON {1} ({0})", field, table.Name));
    }    
}   

公共类MyDBInitializer:DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges
{
私有MyContext_上下文；
受保护的覆盖无效种子（MyContext上下文）
{
种子（上下文）；
_上下文=上下文；
//我们创建数据库索引
CreateIndex（“FieldName”，typeof（ClassName））；
SaveChanges（）；
}
私有void CreateIndex（字符串字段，类型表）
{
_Context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand（String.Format（“在{1}（{0}）上创建索引IX{0}）”，字段，表名）；
}    
}   

扩展Tsushin的上述答案以支持多列和唯一约束：

    private void CreateIndex(RBPContext context, string field, string table, bool unique = false)
    {
        context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(String.Format("CREATE {0}NONCLUSTERED INDEX IX_{1}_{2} ON {1} ({3})", 
            unique ? "UNIQUE " : "",
            table,
            field.Replace(",","_"),
            field));
    } 

---

您可以创建一个名为indexed的属性（如您所建议的），然后在自定义初始值设定项中提取该属性

我创建了以下属性：

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property, Inherited = false, AllowMultiple = true)]
public class IndexAttribute : Attribute
{
    public IndexAttribute(bool isUnique = false, bool isClustered = false, SortOrder sortOrder = SortOrder.Ascending)
    {
        IsUnique = isUnique;
        IsClustered = isClustered;
        SortOrder = sortOrder == SortOrder.Unspecified ? SortOrder.Ascending : sortOrder;

    }

    public bool IsUnique { get; private set; }
    public bool IsClustered { get; private set; }
    public SortOrder SortOrder { get; private set; }
    //public string Where { get; private set; }
}

然后，我创建了一个自定义初始值设定项，该初始值设定项获得了为上下文中的实体创建的表名列表。我有两个基类，所有实体都继承它们，因此我执行了以下操作来获取表名：

 var baseEF = typeof (BaseEFEntity);
        var baseLink = typeof (BaseLinkTable);
        var types =
            AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies().ToList().SelectMany(s => s.GetTypes()).Where(
                baseEF.IsAssignableFrom).Union(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies().ToList().SelectMany(
                    s => s.GetTypes()).Where(
                        baseLink.IsAssignableFrom));

        var sqlScript = context.ObjectContext.CreateDatabaseScript();

        foreach (var type in types)
        {
            var table = (TableAttribute) type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof (TableAttribute), true).FirstOrDefault();
            var tableName = (table != null ? table.Name : null) ?? Pluralizer.Pluralize(type.Name);

然后，我在每个实体上找到了具有此属性的所有属性，然后执行SQL命令来生成每个属性的索引。好极了

//Check that a table exists
            if (sqlScript.ToLower().Contains(string.Format(CREATETABLELOOKUP, tableName.ToLower())))
            {

                //indexes

                var indexAttrib = typeof (IndexAttribute);
                properties = type.GetProperties().Where(prop => Attribute.IsDefined(prop, indexAttrib));
                foreach (var property in properties)
                {
                    var attributes = property.GetCustomAttributes(indexAttrib, true).ToList();

                    foreach (IndexAttribute index in attributes)
                    {
                        var indexName = string.Format(INDEXNAMEFORMAT, tableName, property.Name,
                                                      attributes.Count > 1
                                                          ? UNDERSCORE + (attributes.IndexOf(index) + 1)
                                                          : string.Empty);
                        try
                        {
                            context.ObjectContext.ExecuteStoreCommand(
                                string.Format(INDEX_STRING, indexName,
                                              tableName,
                                              property.Name,
                                              index.IsUnique ? UNIQUE : string.Empty,
                                              index.IsClustered ? CLUSTERED : NONCLUSTERED,
                                              index.SortOrder == SortOrder.Ascending ? ASC : DESC));
                        }
                        catch (Exception)
                        {
                        }
                    }
                }

我甚至以同样的方式添加了基于类的索引（可以有多列）、唯一约束和默认约束。还有一个好处是，如果将这些属性放在继承的类上，那么索引或约束将应用于继承它的所有类（表）

顺便说一句，pluralizer助手包含以下内容：

public static class Pluralizer
{
    private static object _pluralizer;
    private static MethodInfo _pluralizationMethod;

    public static string Pluralize(string word)
    {
        CreatePluralizer();
        return (string) _pluralizationMethod.Invoke(_pluralizer, new object[] {word});
    }

    public static void CreatePluralizer()
    {
        if (_pluralizer == null)
        {
            var aseembly = typeof (DbContext).Assembly;
            var type =
                aseembly.GetType(
                    "System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration.Design.PluralizationServices.EnglishPluralizationService");
            _pluralizer = Activator.CreateInstance(type, true);
            _pluralizationMethod = _pluralizer.GetType().GetMethod("Pluralize");
        }
    }
}

---

在EF4.3中引入迁移之后，现在可以在修改或创建表时添加索引。以下是ADO.NET团队博客的摘录

namespace MigrationsCodeDemo.Migrations
{
    using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;

    public partial class AddPostClass : DbMigration
    {
        public override void Up()
        {
            CreateTable(
                "Posts",
                c => new
                    {
                        PostId = c.Int(nullable: false, identity: true),
                        Title = c.String(maxLength: 200),
                        Content = c.String(),
                        BlogId = c.Int(nullable: false),
                    })
                .PrimaryKey(t => t.PostId)
                .ForeignKey("Blogs", t => t.BlogId, cascadeDelete: true)
                .Index(t => t.BlogId)
                .Index(p => p.Title, unique: true);

            AddColumn("Blogs", "Rating", c => c.Int(nullable: false, defaultValue: 3));
        }

        public override void Down()
        {
            DropIndex("Posts", new[] { "BlogId" });
            DropForeignKey("Posts", "BlogId", "Blogs");
            DropColumn("Blogs", "Rating");
            DropTable("Posts");
        }
    }
}

---

这是一种很好的强类型方法来添加索引，这正是我第一次发布问题时所寻找的。

要基于Froze的回答，您可以自己将其手工编码到迁移中

首先，转到Package Manager控制台，使用

添加迁移

创建新迁移，然后为其命名。将出现一个空白迁移。把这个放进去：

    public override void Up()
    {
        CreateIndex("TableName", "ColumnName");
    }

    public override void Down()
    {
        DropIndex("TableName",new[] {"ColumnName"});
    }

---

请注意，如果您使用的是字符串字段，则还需要将其长度限制为450个字符

我在网上找到了一个解决方案，并对其进行了调整，以满足我的需要。这里是：

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property, Inherited = false, AllowMultiple = true)]
public class IndexAttribute : Attribute
{
    public IndexAttribute(string name, bool unique = false)
    {
        this.Name = name;
        this.IsUnique = unique;
    }

    public string Name { get; private set; }

    public bool IsUnique { get; private set; }
}

public class IndexInitializer<T> : IDatabaseInitializer<T> where T : DbContext
{
    private const string CreateIndexQueryTemplate = "CREATE {unique} INDEX {indexName} ON {tableName} ({columnName});";

    public void InitializeDatabase(T context)
    {
        const BindingFlags PublicInstance = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance;
        Dictionary<IndexAttribute, List<string>> indexes = new Dictionary<IndexAttribute, List<string>>();
        string query = string.Empty;

        foreach (var dataSetProperty in typeof(T).GetProperties(PublicInstance).Where(p => p.PropertyType.Name == typeof(DbSet<>).Name))
        {
            var entityType = dataSetProperty.PropertyType.GetGenericArguments().Single();
            TableAttribute[] tableAttributes = (TableAttribute[])entityType.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(TableAttribute), false);

            indexes.Clear();
            string tableName = tableAttributes.Length != 0 ? tableAttributes[0].Name : dataSetProperty.Name;

            foreach (PropertyInfo property in entityType.GetProperties(PublicInstance))
            {
                IndexAttribute[] indexAttributes = (IndexAttribute[])property.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(IndexAttribute), false);
                NotMappedAttribute[] notMappedAttributes = (NotMappedAttribute[])property.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(NotMappedAttribute), false);
                if (indexAttributes.Length > 0 && notMappedAttributes.Length == 0)
                {
                    ColumnAttribute[] columnAttributes = (ColumnAttribute[])property.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(ColumnAttribute), false);

                    foreach (IndexAttribute indexAttribute in indexAttributes)
                    {
                        if (!indexes.ContainsKey(indexAttribute))
                        {
                            indexes.Add(indexAttribute, new List<string>());
                        }

                        if (property.PropertyType.IsValueType || property.PropertyType == typeof(string))
                        {
                            string columnName = columnAttributes.Length != 0 ? columnAttributes[0].Name : property.Name;
                            indexes[indexAttribute].Add(columnName);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            indexes[indexAttribute].Add(property.PropertyType.Name + "_" + GetKeyName(property.PropertyType));
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            foreach (IndexAttribute indexAttribute in indexes.Keys)
            {
                query += CreateIndexQueryTemplate.Replace("{indexName}", indexAttribute.Name)
                            .Replace("{tableName}", tableName)
                            .Replace("{columnName}", string.Join(", ", indexes[indexAttribute].ToArray()))
                            .Replace("{unique}", indexAttribute.IsUnique ? "UNIQUE" : string.Empty);
            }
        }

        if (context.Database.CreateIfNotExists())
        {
            context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(query);
        }
    }

    private string GetKeyName(Type type)
    {
        PropertyInfo[] propertyInfos = type.GetProperties(BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy | BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public);
        foreach (PropertyInfo propertyInfo in propertyInfos)
        {
            if (propertyInfo.GetCustomAttribute(typeof(KeyAttribute), true) != null)
                return propertyInfo.Name;
        }
        throw new Exception("No property was found with the attribute Key");
    }
}

[AttributeUsage（AttributeTargets.Property，Inherited=false，AllowMultiple=true）]
公共类索引属性：属性
{
公共索引属性（字符串名称，bool unique=false）
{
this.Name=Name；
this.IsUnique=unique；
}
公共字符串名称{get；private set；}
公共bool是唯一的{get；private set；}
}
公共类IndexInitializer:IDatabaseInitializer，其中T:DbContext
{
private const string CreateIndexQueryTemplate=“在{tableName}（{columnName}）上创建{unique}索引{indexName}；”；
公共无效初始化数据库（T上下文）
{
const BindingFlags PublicInstance=BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance；
字典索引=新字典（）；
string query=string.Empty；
foreach（typeof（T）.GetProperties（PublicInstance）.Where（p=>p.PropertyType.Name==typeof（DbSet.Name））中的VarDataSetProperty）
{
var entityType=dataSetProperty.PropertyType.GetGenericArguments（）.Single（）；
TableAttribute[]tableAttributes=（TableAttribute[]）entityType.GetCustomAttributes（typeof（TableAttribute），false）；
index.Clear（）；
字符串tableName=tableAttributes.Length！=0？tableAttributes[0]。名称：dataSetProperty.Name；
foreach（entityType.GetProperties（PublicInstance）中的PropertyInfo属性）
{
IndexAttribute[]indexAttributes=（IndexAttribute[]）属性。GetCustomAttributes（typeof（IndexAttribute），false）；
NotMappedAttribute[]NotMappedAttribute=（NotMappedAttribute[]）属性。GetCustomAttributes（typeof（NotMappedAttribute），false）；
if（indexAttributes.Length>0&¬MappedAttributes.Length==0）
{
ColumnAttribute[]columnAttributes=（ColumnAttribute[]）属性。GetCustomAttributes（typeof（ColumnAttribute），false）；
foreach（指数化属性中的指数化属性）
{
如果（！index.ContainsKey（indexAttribute））
{
Add（indexAttribute，newlist（））；
}
if（property.PropertyType.IsValueType | | property.PropertyType==typeof（字符串））
{
字符串columnName=columnAttributes.Length！=0？columnAttributes[0]。名称：property.Name；
索引[indexAttribute].Add（columnName）；
}
其他的
{
索引[indexAttribute]。添加（property.PropertyType.Name+
    protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        Database.SetInitializer(new IndexInitializer<MyContext>());
        base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
    }

private const string CreateIndexQueryTemplate = "IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE name = '{indexName}') CREATE {unique} INDEX {indexName} ON {tableName} ({columnName});";

Database.SetInitializer(new IndexInitializer<MyContext>());

new IndexInitializer<MyContext>().InitializeDatabase(context);

    [MetadataType(typeof(UserAccountAnnotations))]
    public partial class UserAccount : IDomainEntity
        {
        [Key]
        public int Id { get; set; } // Unique ID
        sealed class UserAccountAnnotations
            {
            [Index("IX_UserName", unique: true)]
            public string UserName { get; set; }
            }
       }

/// <summary>
///   Gets the index attributes on the specified property and the same property on any associated metadata type.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="property">The property.</param>
/// <returns>IEnumerable{IndexAttribute}.</returns>
IEnumerable<IndexAttribute> GetIndexAttributes(PropertyInfo property)
    {
    Type entityType = property.DeclaringType;
    var indexAttributes = (IndexAttribute[])property.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(IndexAttribute), false);
    var metadataAttribute =
        entityType.GetCustomAttribute(typeof(MetadataTypeAttribute)) as MetadataTypeAttribute;
    if (metadataAttribute == null)
        return indexAttributes; // No metadata type

    Type associatedMetadataType = metadataAttribute.MetadataClassType;
    PropertyInfo associatedProperty = associatedMetadataType.GetProperty(property.Name);
    if (associatedProperty == null)
        return indexAttributes; // No metadata on the property

    var associatedIndexAttributes =
        (IndexAttribute[])associatedProperty.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(IndexAttribute), false);
    return indexAttributes.Union(associatedIndexAttributes);
    }

public partial class AddUniqueIndexes : DbMigration
{
    public override void Up()
    {
        //Sql Server limits indexes to 900 bytes, 
        //so we need to ensure cumulative field sizes do not exceed this 
        //otherwise inserts and updates could be prevented
        //http://www.sqlteam.com/article/included-columns-sql-server-2005
        AlterColumn("dbo.Answers",
            "Text",
            c => c.String(nullable: false, maxLength: 400));
        AlterColumn("dbo.ConstructionTypes",
            "Name",
            c => c.String(nullable: false, maxLength: 300));

        //[IX_Text] is the name that Entity Framework would use by default
        // even if it wasn't specified here
        CreateIndex("dbo.Answers",
            "Text",
            unique: true,
            name: "IX_Text");

        //Default name is [IX_Name_OrganisationID]
        CreateIndex("dbo.ConstructionTypes",
            new string[] { "Name", "OrganisationID" },
            unique: true);
    }

    public override void Down()
    {
        //Drop Indexes before altering fields 
        //(otherwise it will fail because of dependencies)

        //Example of dropping an index based on its name
        DropIndex("dbo.Answers", "IX_Text");

        //Example of dropping an index based on the columns it targets
        DropIndex("dbo.ConstructionTypes", 
            new string[] { "Name", "OrganisationID" }); 

        AlterColumn("dbo.ConstructionTypes",
            "Name",
            c => c.String(nullable: false));

        AlterColumn("dbo.Answers",
            "Text",
            c => c.String(nullable: false, maxLength: 500));
}

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure;

namespace YourNameSpace
{
    public enum SqlOption
    {
        Active = 1,
        GetDate = 2,
        Index = 3,
        Unique = 4,
    }

    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property, Inherited = false, AllowMultiple = true)]
    public class SqlAttribute : Attribute
    {
        public SqlAttribute(SqlOption selectedOption = SqlOption.Index)
        {
            this.Option = selectedOption;
        }

        public SqlOption Option {get; set;}
    }

    // See enum above, usage examples: [Sql(SqlOption.Unique)] [Sql(SqlOption.Index)] [Sql(SqlOption.GetDate)]
    public class SqlInitializer<T> : IDatabaseInitializer<T> where T : DbContext
    {
        // Create templates for the DDL we want generate
        const string INDEX_TEMPLATE = "CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX IX_{columnName} ON [dbo].[{tableName}] ([{columnName}]);";
        const string UNIQUE_TEMPLATE = "CREATE UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED INDEX UQ_{columnName} ON [dbo].[{tableName}] ([{columnName}]);";
        const string GETDATE_TEMPLATE = "ALTER TABLE [dbo].[{tableName}] ADD DEFAULT (getdate()) FOR [{columnName}];";
        const string ACTIVE_TEMPLATE = "ALTER TABLE [dbo].[{tableName}] ADD DEFAULT (1) FOR [{columnName}];";

        // Called by Database.SetInitializer(new IndexInitializer< MyDBContext>()); in MyDBContext.cs
        public void InitializeDatabase(T context)
        {
            // To be used for the SQL DDL that I generate
            string sql = string.Empty;

            // All of my classes are derived from my base class, Entity
            var baseClass = typeof(Entity);

            // Get a list of classes in my model derived from my base class
            var modelClasses = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies().ToList().
                SelectMany(s => s.GetTypes()).Where(baseClass.IsAssignableFrom);

            // For debugging only - examine the SQL DDL that Entity Framework is generating
            // Manipulating this is discouraged.
            var generatedDDSQL = ((IObjectContextAdapter)context).ObjectContext.CreateDatabaseScript();

            // Define which Annotation Attribute we care about (this class!)
            var annotationAttribute = typeof(SqlAttribute);

            // Generate a list of concrete classes in my model derived from
            // Entity class since we follow Table Per Concrete Class (TPC).
            var concreteClasses = from modelClass in modelClasses
                                  where !modelClass.IsAbstract
                                  select modelClass;

            // Iterate through my model's concrete classes (will be mapped to tables)
            foreach (var concreteClass in concreteClasses)
            {
                // Calculate the table name - could get the table name from list of DbContext's properties
                // to be more correct (but this is sufficient in my case)
                var tableName = concreteClass.Name + "s";

                // Get concrete class's properties that have this annotation
                var propertiesWithAnnotations = concreteClass.GetProperties().Where(prop => Attribute.IsDefined(prop, annotationAttribute));

                foreach (var annotatedProperty in propertiesWithAnnotations)
                {
                    var columnName = annotatedProperty.Name;
                    var annotationProperties = annotatedProperty.GetCustomAttributes(annotationAttribute, true).ToList();

                    foreach (SqlAttribute annotationProperty in annotationProperties)
                    {
                        // Generate the appropriate SQL DLL based on the attribute selected
                        switch (annotationProperty.Option)
                        {
                            case SqlOption.Active: // Default value of true plus an index (for my case)
                                sql += ACTIVE_TEMPLATE.Replace("{tableName}", tableName).Replace("{columnName}", columnName);
                                sql += INDEX_TEMPLATE.Replace("{tableName}", tableName).Replace("{columnName}", columnName);
                                break;
                            case SqlOption.GetDate: // GetDate plus an index (for my case)
                                sql += GETDATE_TEMPLATE.Replace("{tableName}", tableName).Replace("{columnName}", columnName);
                                sql += INDEX_TEMPLATE.Replace("{tableName}", tableName).Replace("{columnName}", columnName);
                                break;
                            case SqlOption.Index: // Default for empty annotations for example [Sql()]
                                sql += INDEX_TEMPLATE.Replace("{tableName}", tableName).Replace("{columnName}", columnName);
                                break;
                            case SqlOption.Unique:
                                sql += UNIQUE_TEMPLATE.Replace("{tableName}", tableName).Replace("{columnName}", columnName);
                                break;
                        } // switch
                    } // foreach annotationProperty
                } // foreach annotatedProperty
            } // foreach concreteClass

            // Would have been better not to go through all the work of generating the SQL
            // if we weren't going to use it, but putting it here makes it easier to follow.
            if (context.Database.CreateIfNotExists())
                context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(sql);

        } // InitializeDatabase
    } // SqlInitializer
} // Namespace

using System;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration.Conventions;

namespace YourNameSpace
{
    public class MyDBContext : DbContext
    {
       protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            // Only including my concrete classes here as we're following Table Per Concrete Class (TPC)
            public virtual DbSet<Attendance> Attendances { get; set; }
            public virtual DbSet<Course> Courses { get; set; }
            public virtual DbSet<Location> Locations { get; set; }
            public virtual DbSet<PaymentMethod> PaymentMethods { get; set; }
            public virtual DbSet<Purchase> Purchases { get; set; }
            public virtual DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }
            public virtual DbSet<Teacher> Teachers { get; set; }

            // Process the SQL Annotations
            Database.SetInitializer(new SqlInitializer<MyDBContext>());
            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);

            // Change all datetime columns to datetime2
            modelBuilder.Properties<DateTime>().Configure(c => c.HasColumnType("datetime2"));

            // Turn off cascading deletes
            modelBuilder.Conventions.Remove<OneToManyCascadeDeleteConvention>();
        }
    }
}

modelBuilder 
    .Entity<Department>() 
    .Property(t => t.Name) 
    .HasColumnAnnotation("Index", new IndexAnnotation(new IndexAttribute()));

supplierItemEntity.HasKey(supplierItem => supplierItem.SupplierItemId).ForSqlServerIsClustered(false);

supplierItemEntity.HasIndex(s => new { s.ItemId }).ForSqlServerIsClustered(true);

modelBuilder
            .Entity<UserSalary>(builder =>
            {
                builder.HasNoKey();
                builder.HasIndex("UserId").IsUnique(false);
                builder.ToTable("UserSalary");
            });