C# ShellWindows和OutOfMemoryException？

我有一个在Internet Explorer中打开URL的方法。如果已打开internet explorer，则应在新选项卡中打开它。如果没有，它应该打开一个新的internet explorer

我的代码：

    public static void OpenURL(string Url)
    {
        bool already_navigated = false;

        ShellWindows instances = new ShellWindows();

        //Check if there is an Internet Explorer
        if (instances.Count > 0)
        {
            foreach (InternetExplorer ie in instances)
            {
                if (ie.Name == "Windows Internet Explorer")
                {
                    if (!already_navigated)
                    {
                        //Navigate and open in New Tab
                        already_navigated = true;
                        ie.Navigate(Url, 0x10000);

                        //Bring window to front
                        IntPtr hwnd = (IntPtr)ie.HWND;
                        WindowHandler.Window w = new WindowHandler.Window(hwnd, "Internet Explorer");
                        w.Minimize();
                        w.Restore();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        //No internet explorer found!
        if (!already_navigated)
        {
            //Start new Internet Explorer
            Process proc = Process.Start("IExplore.exe", Url);
        }
    }

    public static void OpenURL(string Url)
    {
        bool already_navigated = false;

        ShellWindows instances = new ShellWindows();
        /*
        //Check if there is an Internet Explorer
        if (instances.Count > 0)
        {
            foreach (InternetExplorer ie in instances)
            {
                if (ie.Name == "Windows Internet Explorer")
                {
                    if (!already_navigated)
                    {
                        //Navigate and open in New Tab
                        already_navigated = true;
                        ie.Navigate(Url, 0x10000);

                        //Bring window to front
                        IntPtr hwnd = (IntPtr)ie.HWND;
                        WindowHandler.Window w = new WindowHandler.Window(hwnd, "Internet Explorer");
                        w.Minimize();
                        w.Restore();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        //No internet explorer found!
        if (!already_navigated)
        {
            //Start new Internet Explorer
            Process proc = Process.Start("IExplore.exe", Url);
        }*/
    }

    public static void OpenURL(string Url)
    {
        bool already_navigated = false;
        /*
        ShellWindows instances = new ShellWindows();

        //Check if there is an Internet Explorer
        if (instances.Count > 0)
        {
            foreach (InternetExplorer ie in instances)
            {
                if (ie.Name == "Windows Internet Explorer")
                {
                    if (!already_navigated)
                    {
                        //Navigate and open in New Tab
                        already_navigated = true;
                        ie.Navigate(Url, 0x10000);

                        //Bring window to front
                        IntPtr hwnd = (IntPtr)ie.HWND;
                        WindowHandler.Window w = new WindowHandler.Window(hwnd, "Internet Explorer");
                        w.Minimize();
                        w.Restore();
                    }
                }
            }
        }*/
        //No internet explorer found!
        if (!already_navigated)
        {
            //Start new Internet Explorer
            Process proc = Process.Start("IExplore.exe", Url);
        }
    }

这太棒了！但是当我调用这段代码时，我的内存在无限循环中增加，直到我得到一个OutOfMemoryException

经过一些尝试和错误，我发现这段代码抛出了一个异常：

    public static void OpenURL(string Url)
    {
        bool already_navigated = false;

        ShellWindows instances = new ShellWindows();

        //Check if there is an Internet Explorer
        if (instances.Count > 0)
        {
            foreach (InternetExplorer ie in instances)
            {
                if (ie.Name == "Windows Internet Explorer")
                {
                    if (!already_navigated)
                    {
                        //Navigate and open in New Tab
                        already_navigated = true;
                        ie.Navigate(Url, 0x10000);

                        //Bring window to front
                        IntPtr hwnd = (IntPtr)ie.HWND;
                        WindowHandler.Window w = new WindowHandler.Window(hwnd, "Internet Explorer");
                        w.Minimize();
                        w.Restore();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        //No internet explorer found!
        if (!already_navigated)
        {
            //Start new Internet Explorer
            Process proc = Process.Start("IExplore.exe", Url);
        }
    }

    public static void OpenURL(string Url)
    {
        bool already_navigated = false;

        ShellWindows instances = new ShellWindows();
        /*
        //Check if there is an Internet Explorer
        if (instances.Count > 0)
        {
            foreach (InternetExplorer ie in instances)
            {
                if (ie.Name == "Windows Internet Explorer")
                {
                    if (!already_navigated)
                    {
                        //Navigate and open in New Tab
                        already_navigated = true;
                        ie.Navigate(Url, 0x10000);

                        //Bring window to front
                        IntPtr hwnd = (IntPtr)ie.HWND;
                        WindowHandler.Window w = new WindowHandler.Window(hwnd, "Internet Explorer");
                        w.Minimize();
                        w.Restore();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        //No internet explorer found!
        if (!already_navigated)
        {
            //Start new Internet Explorer
            Process proc = Process.Start("IExplore.exe", Url);
        }*/
    }

    public static void OpenURL(string Url)
    {
        bool already_navigated = false;
        /*
        ShellWindows instances = new ShellWindows();

        //Check if there is an Internet Explorer
        if (instances.Count > 0)
        {
            foreach (InternetExplorer ie in instances)
            {
                if (ie.Name == "Windows Internet Explorer")
                {
                    if (!already_navigated)
                    {
                        //Navigate and open in New Tab
                        already_navigated = true;
                        ie.Navigate(Url, 0x10000);

                        //Bring window to front
                        IntPtr hwnd = (IntPtr)ie.HWND;
                        WindowHandler.Window w = new WindowHandler.Window(hwnd, "Internet Explorer");
                        w.Minimize();
                        w.Restore();
                    }
                }
            }
        }*/
        //No internet explorer found!
        if (!already_navigated)
        {
            //Start new Internet Explorer
            Process proc = Process.Start("IExplore.exe", Url);
        }
    }

而此代码没有：

    public static void OpenURL(string Url)
    {
        bool already_navigated = false;

        ShellWindows instances = new ShellWindows();

        //Check if there is an Internet Explorer
        if (instances.Count > 0)
        {
            foreach (InternetExplorer ie in instances)
            {
                if (ie.Name == "Windows Internet Explorer")
                {
                    if (!already_navigated)
                    {
                        //Navigate and open in New Tab
                        already_navigated = true;
                        ie.Navigate(Url, 0x10000);

                        //Bring window to front
                        IntPtr hwnd = (IntPtr)ie.HWND;
                        WindowHandler.Window w = new WindowHandler.Window(hwnd, "Internet Explorer");
                        w.Minimize();
                        w.Restore();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        //No internet explorer found!
        if (!already_navigated)
        {
            //Start new Internet Explorer
            Process proc = Process.Start("IExplore.exe", Url);
        }
    }

    public static void OpenURL(string Url)
    {
        bool already_navigated = false;

        ShellWindows instances = new ShellWindows();
        /*
        //Check if there is an Internet Explorer
        if (instances.Count > 0)
        {
            foreach (InternetExplorer ie in instances)
            {
                if (ie.Name == "Windows Internet Explorer")
                {
                    if (!already_navigated)
                    {
                        //Navigate and open in New Tab
                        already_navigated = true;
                        ie.Navigate(Url, 0x10000);

                        //Bring window to front
                        IntPtr hwnd = (IntPtr)ie.HWND;
                        WindowHandler.Window w = new WindowHandler.Window(hwnd, "Internet Explorer");
                        w.Minimize();
                        w.Restore();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        //No internet explorer found!
        if (!already_navigated)
        {
            //Start new Internet Explorer
            Process proc = Process.Start("IExplore.exe", Url);
        }*/
    }

    public static void OpenURL(string Url)
    {
        bool already_navigated = false;
        /*
        ShellWindows instances = new ShellWindows();

        //Check if there is an Internet Explorer
        if (instances.Count > 0)
        {
            foreach (InternetExplorer ie in instances)
            {
                if (ie.Name == "Windows Internet Explorer")
                {
                    if (!already_navigated)
                    {
                        //Navigate and open in New Tab
                        already_navigated = true;
                        ie.Navigate(Url, 0x10000);

                        //Bring window to front
                        IntPtr hwnd = (IntPtr)ie.HWND;
                        WindowHandler.Window w = new WindowHandler.Window(hwnd, "Internet Explorer");
                        w.Minimize();
                        w.Restore();
                    }
                }
            }
        }*/
        //No internet explorer found!
        if (!already_navigated)
        {
            //Start new Internet Explorer
            Process proc = Process.Start("IExplore.exe", Url);
        }
    }

这只给我留下了一个结论，问题在于：

 ShellWindows instances = new ShellWindows();

但在谷歌搜索之后，我找不到有类似问题的人。所以我不确定我是否做错了什么，或者我在这个问题上是否是对的

---

有人知道发生了什么吗？

此代码应该适用于您：

public static void OpenURL(string Url)
{
    var t = Type.GetTypeFromProgID("Shell.Application");
    dynamic o = Activator.CreateInstance(t);
    try
    {
        var instances = o.Windows();

        // Check if there is an Internet Explorer
        if (instances.Count > 0)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < instances.Count; i++)
            {
                var ie = instances.Item(i);
                if (ie == null) continue;

                var path = System.IO.Path.GetFileName((string)ie.FullName);
                if (path.ToLower() == "iexplore.exe")
                {
                    //Navigate and open in New Tab
                    ie.Navigate(Url, 0x10000);
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    finally
    {
        Marshal.FinalReleaseComObject(o);
    }

    //No internet explorer found. Start a new onr
    Process.Start("IExplore.exe", Url);
}

publicstaticvoidopenurl（字符串Url）
{
var t=Type.GetTypeFromProgID（“Shell.Application”）；
动态o=Activator.CreateInstance（t）；
尝试
{
var实例=o.Windows（）；
//检查是否有Internet Explorer
如果（instances.Count>0）
{
for（int i=0；i

ShellWindows是一个COM对象。您依赖垃圾收集器来释放RCWs（运行时可调用包装器），并由其终结器处理

但是，当您的代码只调用OpenUrl（）而不做其他任何事情时，这将无法很好地工作。垃圾收集器仅在分配托管对象时运行。如果您不这样做，并且您发布的代码没有做很多这方面的工作，那么您将面临耗尽非托管内存（COM对象使用的那种内存）的巨大风险

这种情况很容易诊断，请使用Perfmon.exe并查看.NET CLR内存的性能计数器。“Gen 0 Collections”计数器显示执行Gen 0垃圾收集的频率。如果该计数器在代码运行时没有经常更改，则很可能出现OOM kaboom

这就是GC.Collect（）存在的原因，计算您创建的“ie”实例的数量，并以某种神奇的数字调用Collect。Marshal.ReleaseComObject（）也有帮助，通常会带来更多的麻烦，但在这里应该可以轻松操作。在你的循环中使用break

ShellWindows的另一个方面是它是一个单元线程COM对象。一个昂贵的词，意味着它不是线程安全的。这在COM中很重要，它代表对象负责线程安全。如果此代码不在Winforms或WPF应用程序的主线程上运行，您很可能会遇到麻烦。像控制台模式的应用程序或服务。或者，如果您在工作线程上运行此代码

---

对于公寓线程COM对象来说，这不是一个愉快的家，它需要一个STA线程来满足线程安全要求。COM将处理这个问题，它将创建一个新线程来给对象一个安全的家。当您创建了许多寿命过长的对象时，这可能会失控。也很容易诊断，打开非托管调试并关注“调试+窗口+线程”窗口。我们不知道您的代码的其余部分在做什么，但是当代码运行一段时间后，看到数百个线程就意味着厄运。每个线程为其堆栈占用一兆字节的虚拟内存，消耗32位进程所需的时间不超过几千。通过在Main（）方法上应用[STAThread]属性，或者在启动线程之前对线程调用SetApartmentState（）来修复此问题。

我打赌这是内存泄漏。在C#中听起来很奇怪，但是是的，你为什么不在不同的点上打破它，看看哪一个喜欢增加了内存的使用@AnnArbor87我无法真正调试，因为目前我无法在我用来开发的机器上测试代码。我只能通过更改代码和记录发生的情况来进行调试。尝试注释掉代码的其他部分，如内部IF（！ready_navigated）并发布发生的情况，我认为您遇到的问题是因为IE对象。你会关闭Instance吗？你想实现什么？那没什么区别。只有当我删除ShellWindows行时，它才不会导致内存泄漏。当我尝试执行你的代码时，我出现了两个错误。第一个声明指出，为了使用“using”shell，Windows必须可转换为System.IDisposable。第二个错误是，我无法将[]索引应用于ShellWindows的表达式。我很好奇在应用程序每次运行期间调用OpenURL（）的次数和次数？您的应用程序是控制台应用程序、Windows（UI桌面）还是什么？请尝试使用删除第一个应用程序，保留foreach，但应用其余建议。请尝试我刚才添加的代码。它在我的机器上工作，正如你所期望的。在它开始变大之前，我只叫它一次。我只使用.NET4.0，但我发现你的答案非常有用。谢谢你，我成功了！我所做的是在OpenURL中创建一个新线程，启动它并在STA中加入它。这似乎处理得很好！