C# 多线程服务器中的Monitor.Wait/Pulse争用条件

我在多线程TCP服务器中的联锁Monitor.Wait和Monitor.Pulse出现问题。为了演示我的问题，以下是我的服务器代码：

public class Server
{
    TcpListener listener;
    Object sync;
    IHandler handler;
    bool running;

    public Server(IHandler handler, int port)
    {
        this.handler = handler;
        IPAddress address = Dns.GetHostEntry(Dns.GetHostName()).AddressList[0];
        listener = new TcpListener(address, port);
        sync = new Object();
        running = false;
    }

    public void Start()
    {
        Thread thread = new Thread(ThreadStart);
        thread.Start();
    }

    public void Stop()
    {
        lock (sync)
        {
            listener.Stop();
            running = false;
            Monitor.Pulse(sync);
        }
    }

    void ThreadStart()
    {
        if (!running)
        {
            listener.Start();
            running = true;
            lock (sync)
            {
                while (running)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        listener.BeginAcceptTcpClient(new AsyncCallback(Accept), listener);
                        Monitor.Wait(sync);  // Release lock and wait for a pulse
                    }
                    catch (Exception e)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    void Accept(IAsyncResult result)
    {
        // Let the server continue listening
        lock (sync)
        {
            Monitor.Pulse(sync);
        } 

        if (running)
        {
            TcpListener listener = (TcpListener)result.AsyncState;
            using (TcpClient client = listener.EndAcceptTcpClient(result))
            {
                handler.Handle(client.GetStream());
            }
        }
    }
}

这是我的客户代码：

class Client
{
    class EchoHandler : IHandler
    {
        public void Handle(Stream stream)
        {
            System.Console.Out.Write("Echo Handler: ");
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int count = 0;
            while ((count = stream.Read(buffer, 0, 1024)) > 0)
            {
                sb.Append(Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, 0, count));
            }
            System.Console.Out.WriteLine(sb.ToString());
            System.Console.Out.Flush();
        }
    }

    static IPAddress localhost = Dns.GetHostEntry(Dns.GetHostName()).AddressList[0];

    public static int Main()
    {
        Server server1 = new Server(new EchoHandler(), 1000);
        Server server2 = new Server(new EchoHandler(), 1001);

        server1.Start();
        server2.Start();

        Console.WriteLine("Press return to test...");
        Console.ReadLine();

        // Note interleaved ports
        SendMsg("Test1", 1000);
        SendMsg("Test2", 1001);
        SendMsg("Test3", 1000);
        SendMsg("Test4", 1001);
        SendMsg("Test5", 1000);
        SendMsg("Test6", 1001);
        SendMsg("Test7", 1000);

        Console.WriteLine("Press return to terminate...");
        Console.ReadLine();

        server1.Stop();
        server2.Stop();

        return 0;
    }

    public static void SendMsg(String msg, int port)
    {
        IPEndPoint endPoint = new IPEndPoint(localhost, port);

        byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(msg);
        using (Socket s = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp))
        {
            s.Connect(endPoint);
            s.Send(buffer);
        }
    }
}

客户端发送七条消息，但服务器仅打印四条：

Press return to test... Press return to terminate... Echo Handler: Test1 Echo Handler: Test3 Echo Handler: Test2 Echo Handler: Test4 调用服务器的

Stop（）

方法时会显示剩余的消息（即，唤醒服务器的

sync

对象会导致它分派剩余的传入消息）。在我看来，这只能发生在

ThreadStart

和

Accept

方法之间的竞争条件下，但是

sync

对象周围的锁应该会阻止这种情况

有什么想法吗

非常感谢,， 西蒙

---

请注意，我知道输出出现故障等，我特别询问锁和监视器之间的竞争条件。干杯，上海。

问题是您正在使用脉冲/等待作为信号。一个适当的信号，如AutoResetEvent，其状态是在线程调用WaitOne（）之前一直保持信号状态。在没有任何线程等待的情况下调用Pulse将成为一个noop

这与同一个线程可以多次使用锁这一事实相结合。因为您使用的是异步编程，所以可以由执行BeginAcceptTcpClient的同一线程调用Accept回调

让我举例说明。我注释掉了第二台服务器，并在您的服务器上更改了一些代码

void ThreadStart()
{
    if (!running)
    {
        listener.Start();
        running = true;
        lock (sync)
        {
            while (running)
            {
                try
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("BeginAccept [{0}]", 
                        Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                    listener.BeginAcceptTcpClient(new AsyncCallback(Accept), listener);
                    Console.WriteLine("Wait [{0}]", 
                        Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                    Monitor.Wait(sync);  // Release lock and wait for a pulse
                }
                catch (Exception e)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

void Accept(IAsyncResult result)
{
    // Let the server continue listening
    lock (sync)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Pulse [{0}]", 
            Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
        Monitor.Pulse(sync);
    }
    if (running)
    {
        TcpListener localListener = (TcpListener)result.AsyncState;
        using (TcpClient client = localListener.EndAcceptTcpClient(result))
        {
            handler.Handle(client.GetStream());
        }
    }
}

我的跑步输出如下所示。如果您自己运行这段代码，这些值会有所不同，但总体上是相同的

Press return to test...
BeginAccept [3]
Wait [3]

Press return to terminate...
Pulse [5]
BeginAccept [3]
Pulse [3]
Echo Handler: Test1
Echo Handler: Test3
Wait [3]

正如您所看到的，有两个脉冲被调用，一个来自单独的线程（脉冲[5]），它唤醒了第一次等待。然后，线程3执行另一个BeginAccept，但具有挂起的传入连接，该线程决定立即调用Accept回调。由于Accept由同一线程调用，所以锁（sync）不会阻塞，而是在空线程队列上立即脉冲[3]

调用两个处理程序并处理这两条消息

一切正常，ThreadStart再次开始运行并无限期等待

现在，这里的根本问题是您试图使用监视器作为信号。因为它不记得第二个脉冲的状态，所以它丢失了

但有一个简单的解决办法。使用AutoResetEvents，这是一个正确的信号，它将记住其状态

public Server(IHandler handler, int port)
{
    this.handler = handler;
    IPAddress address = Dns.GetHostEntry(Dns.GetHostName()).AddressList[0];
    listener = new TcpListener(address, port);
    running = false;
    _event = new AutoResetEvent(false);
}

public void Start()
{
    Thread thread = new Thread(ThreadStart);
    thread.Start();
}

public void Stop()
{
    listener.Stop();
    running = false;
    _event.Set();
}

void ThreadStart()
{
    if (!running)
    {
        listener.Start();
        running = true;
        while (running)
        {
            try
            {
                listener.BeginAcceptTcpClient(new AsyncCallback(Accept), listener);
                _event.WaitOne();
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
        }
    }
}

void Accept(IAsyncResult result)
{
    // Let the server continue listening
    _event.Set();
    if (running)
    {
        TcpListener localListener = (TcpListener) result.AsyncState;
        using (TcpClient client = localListener.EndAcceptTcpClient(result))
        {
            handler.Handle(client.GetStream());
        }
    }
}

---

谢谢你。我假设BeginAcceptTcpClient总是在一个单独的线程上运行，因此我可以使用sync对象作为关键部分。你是正确的，信号是前进的方向。再次感谢。嘘

public Server(IHandler handler, int port)
{
    this.handler = handler;
    IPAddress address = Dns.GetHostEntry(Dns.GetHostName()).AddressList[0];
    listener = new TcpListener(address, port);
    running = false;
    _event = new AutoResetEvent(false);
}

public void Start()
{
    Thread thread = new Thread(ThreadStart);
    thread.Start();
}

public void Stop()
{
    listener.Stop();
    running = false;
    _event.Set();
}

void ThreadStart()
{
    if (!running)
    {
        listener.Start();
        running = true;
        while (running)
        {
            try
            {
                listener.BeginAcceptTcpClient(new AsyncCallback(Accept), listener);
                _event.WaitOne();
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
        }
    }
}

void Accept(IAsyncResult result)
{
    // Let the server continue listening
    _event.Set();
    if (running)
    {
        TcpListener localListener = (TcpListener) result.AsyncState;
        using (TcpClient client = localListener.EndAcceptTcpClient(result))
        {
            handler.Handle(client.GetStream());
        }
    }
}