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C#线程安全快速(est)计数器_C#_Multithreading_Thread Safety_Counter - Fatal编程技术网

C#线程安全快速(est)计数器

C#线程安全快速(est)计数器,c#,multithreading,thread-safety,counter,C#,Multithreading,Thread Safety,Counter,如何在C#中获得性能最佳的线程安全计数器 这很简单: public static long GetNextValue() { long result; lock (LOCK) { result = COUNTER++; } return result; } 但是有更快的替代方案吗?尝试一下这会更简单: return Interlocked.Increment(ref COUNTER); 我建议您在System.Threading库中使用

如何在C#中获得性能最佳的线程安全计数器

这很简单:

public static long GetNextValue()
{
    long result;
    lock (LOCK)
    {
        result = COUNTER++;
    }
    return result;
}
但是有更快的替代方案吗?

尝试一下这会更简单:

return Interlocked.Increment(ref COUNTER);

我建议您在System.Threading库中使用.NET内置的联锁增量

以下代码将通过引用增加一个长变量,并且是完全线程安全的:

Interlocked.Increment(ref myNum);

来源:

根据其他人的建议,
联锁。增量
将比
lock()
具有更好的性能。只需查看IL和程序集,您将看到
Increment
变成一个“bus lock”语句,其变量直接递增(x86)或“添加”到(x64)

此“bus lock”语句锁定总线,以防止另一个CPU在调用CPU执行其操作时访问总线。现在,看看C#
lock()
语句的IL。在这里,您将看到调用
Monitor
,以开始或结束一节

换句话说,.Net
lock()
语句比.Net
Interlocked.Increment
语句做得更多


所以,如果您只想增加一个变量,
Interlock.increment
会更快。查看所有互锁方法,查看可用的各种原子操作,并找到适合您需要的操作。当您想要执行更复杂的操作(如多个相互关联的递增/递减)或序列化对比整数更复杂的资源的访问时,请使用
lock()

如前所述,请使用
联锁。递增

MS的代码示例:

以下示例确定生成1000个具有中点值的随机数需要多少个介于0到1000之间的随机数。为了跟踪中点值的数量,将变量midpointCount设置为0,并在随机数生成器每次返回中点值时递增,直到达到10000为止。由于三个线程生成随机数,因此会调用Increment(Int32)方法以确保多个线程不会同时更新中点计数。请注意,锁还用于保护随机数生成器,CountdownEvent对象用于确保Main方法不会在三个线程之前完成执行

using System;
using System.Threading;

public class Example
{
   const int LOWERBOUND = 0;
   const int UPPERBOUND = 1001;

   static Object lockObj = new Object();
   static Random rnd = new Random();
   static CountdownEvent cte;

   static int totalCount = 0;
   static int totalMidpoint = 0;
   static int midpointCount = 0;

   public static void Main()
   {
      cte = new CountdownEvent(1);
      // Start three threads. 
      for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 2; ctr++) {
         cte.AddCount();
         Thread th = new Thread(GenerateNumbers);
         th.Name = "Thread" + ctr.ToString();
         th.Start();
      }
      cte.Signal();
      cte.Wait();
      Console.WriteLine();
      Console.WriteLine("Total midpoint values:  {0,10:N0} ({1:P3})",
                        totalMidpoint, totalMidpoint/((double)totalCount));
      Console.WriteLine("Total number of values: {0,10:N0}", 
                        totalCount);                  
   }

   private static void GenerateNumbers()
   {
      int midpoint = (UPPERBOUND - LOWERBOUND) / 2;
      int value = 0;
      int total = 0;
      int midpt = 0;

      do {
         lock (lockObj) {
            value = rnd.Next(LOWERBOUND, UPPERBOUND);
         }
         if (value == midpoint) { 
            Interlocked.Increment(ref midpointCount);
            midpt++;
         }
         total++;    
      } while (midpointCount < 10000);

      Interlocked.Add(ref totalCount, total);
      Interlocked.Add(ref totalMidpoint, midpt);

      string s = String.Format("Thread {0}:\n", Thread.CurrentThread.Name) +
                 String.Format("   Random Numbers: {0:N0}\n", total) + 
                 String.Format("   Midpoint values: {0:N0} ({1:P3})", midpt, 
                               ((double) midpt)/total);
      Console.WriteLine(s);
      cte.Signal();
   }
}
// The example displays output like the following:
//       Thread Thread2:
//          Random Numbers: 2,776,674
//          Midpoint values: 2,773 (0.100 %)
//       Thread Thread1:
//          Random Numbers: 4,876,100
//          Midpoint values: 4,873 (0.100 %)
//       Thread Thread0:
//          Random Numbers: 2,312,310
//          Midpoint values: 2,354 (0.102 %)
//       
//       Total midpoint values:      10,000 (0.100 %)
//       Total number of values:  9,965,084
使用系统;
使用系统线程;
公开课范例
{
常量int LOWERBOUND=0;
常量int上限=1001;
静态对象lockObj=新对象();
静态随机rnd=新随机();
静态倒计时事件;
静态整数totalCount=0;
静态整数总和中点=0;
静态int中点计数=0;
公共静态void Main()
{
cte=新的倒计时事件(1);
//开始三个线程。

对于(int ctr=0;ctr-1了解实现细节。确实,锁定比原子操作慢得多,但这与IL无关。如果不是出于语义,这些函数调用将比原子操作快得多,而这不是IL固有的要求。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class Example
{
   const int LOWERBOUND = 0;
   const int UPPERBOUND = 1001;

   static Object lockObj = new Object();
   static Random rnd = new Random();

   static int totalCount = 0;
   static int totalMidpoint = 0;
   static int midpointCount = 0;

   public static void Main()
   {
      List<Task> tasks = new List<Task>();
      // Start three tasks. 
      for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 2; ctr++) 
         tasks.Add(Task.Run( () => { int midpoint = (UPPERBOUND - LOWERBOUND) / 2;
                                     int value = 0;
                                     int total = 0;
                                     int midpt = 0;

                                     do {
                                        lock (lockObj) {
                                           value = rnd.Next(LOWERBOUND, UPPERBOUND);
                                        }
                                        if (value == midpoint) { 
                                           Interlocked.Increment(ref midpointCount);
                                           midpt++;
                                        }
                                        total++;    
                                     } while (midpointCount < 50000);

                                     Interlocked.Add(ref totalCount, total);
                                     Interlocked.Add(ref totalMidpoint, midpt);

                                     string s = String.Format("Task {0}:\n", Task.CurrentId) +
                                                String.Format("   Random Numbers: {0:N0}\n", total) + 
                                                String.Format("   Midpoint values: {0:N0} ({1:P3})", midpt, 
                                                              ((double) midpt)/total);
                                     Console.WriteLine(s); } ));

      Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray());
      Console.WriteLine();
      Console.WriteLine("Total midpoint values:  {0,10:N0} ({1:P3})",
                        totalMidpoint, totalMidpoint/((double)totalCount));
      Console.WriteLine("Total number of values: {0,10:N0}", 
                        totalCount);                  
   }
}
// The example displays output like the following:
//       Task 3:
//          Random Numbers: 10,855,250
//          Midpoint values: 10,823 (0.100 %)
//       Task 1:
//          Random Numbers: 15,243,703
//          Midpoint values: 15,110 (0.099 %)
//       Task 2:
//          Random Numbers: 24,107,425
//          Midpoint values: 24,067 (0.100 %)
//       
//       Total midpoint values:      50,000 (0.100 %)
//       Total number of values: 50,206,378