C# 谁应该记录错误/异常
我试图找出记录异常时的最佳实践 到目前为止,我每次捕获异常都会记录日志。但是,当一个较低级别的类捕获到一个异常(例如,来自数据库层)并将其包装到我们自己的应用程序异常中时,我应该在那里记录原始异常,还是应该让较高级别的类记录所有细节?C# 谁应该记录错误/异常,c#,exception,logging,exception-handling,C#,Exception,Logging,Exception Handling,我试图找出记录异常时的最佳实践 到目前为止,我每次捕获异常都会记录日志。但是,当一个较低级别的类捕获到一个异常(例如,来自数据库层)并将其包装到我们自己的应用程序异常中时,我应该在那里记录原始异常,还是应该让较高级别的类记录所有细节? 那么,我的低级类由于输入参数错误而决定抛出异常的位置呢?它是否也应该在那里记录异常,或者再次让捕获代码记录它?记录捕获的位置,如果您正在包装,那么您应该这样做。如果较低的包装没有,那么您有理由这样做(为了可调试性)。但是,除非你知道异常是良性的或者你能处理它,否则
那么,我的低级类由于输入参数错误而决定抛出异常的位置呢?它是否也应该在那里记录异常,或者再次让捕获代码记录它?记录捕获的位置,如果您正在包装,那么您应该这样做。如果较低的包装没有,那么您有理由这样做(为了可调试性)。但是,除非你知道异常是良性的或者你能处理它,否则不要接受它 我建议
try{
.
.
.
} catch(Exception ex){
... log ....
throw;
}
如果需要记录并传递异常。主要应避免将其同时记录在较低级别的捕获和较高级别的捕获中,因为这会使日志中包含冗余信息(更不用说会占用额外的IO资源写入日志)
如果您正在寻找有关异常处理的一般最佳实践信息,.只要您的日志代码(a)记录异常的堆栈跟踪,以及(b)记录整个内部异常链,您就可以在应用程序的最高层只记录一次日志
Microsoft异常处理应用程序块为您处理这两件事。我想其他日志框架也会这样做。在我的winform应用程序中,我创建了一些日志观察程序。Observer有订阅者,订阅者可以在某处写入日志或处理日志。 它的外观:
public static class LoggingObserver
{
/// <summary>
/// Last getted log message
/// </summary>
public static string LastLog;
/// <summary>
/// Last getted exception
/// </summary>
public static Exception LastException;
/// <summary>
/// List of log's processors
/// </summary>
public static List<BaseLogging> loggings = new List<BaseLogging>();
/// <summary>
/// Get Exception and send for log's processors
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ex">Exception with message</param>
public static void AddLogs(Exception ex)
{
LastException = ex;
LastLog = string.Empty;
foreach (BaseLogging logs in loggings)
{
logs.AddLogs(ex);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Get message log for log's processors
/// </summary>
/// <param name="str">Message log</param>
public static void AddLogs(string str)
{
LastException = null;
LastLog = str;
foreach (BaseLogging logs in loggings)
{
logs.AddLogs(str);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Close all processors
/// </summary>
public static void Close()
{
foreach (BaseLogging logs in loggings)
{
logs.Close();
}
}
}
“但是,除非你知道它是良性的,或者你能处理它,否则不要吞下它。”——即使这样,你也不应该吞下它。这就是日志级别存在的目的。我不同意——如果api设计为在类似MSMQ的情况下提供异常,那么您必须接受并接受这一点。显然,您必须确定异常类型和内容。这是如何回答OP的问题的?使用各种订阅服务器获取流程日志。这是我的最佳实践。
public abstract class BaseLogging
{
/// <summary>
/// Culture (using for date)
/// </summary>
public CultureInfo culture;
/// <summary>
/// Constructor
/// </summary>
/// <param name="culture">Culture</param>
public BaseLogging(CultureInfo culture)
{
this.culture = culture;
}
/// <summary>
/// Add log in log system
/// </summary>
/// <param name="str">message of log</param>
public virtual void AddLogs(string str)
{
DateTime dt = DateTime.Now;
string dts = Convert.ToString(dt, culture.DateTimeFormat);
WriteLine(String.Format("{0} : {1}", dts, str));
}
/// <summary>
/// Add log in log system
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ex">Exception</param>
public virtual void AddLogs(Exception ex)
{
DateTime dt = DateTime.Now;
string dts = Convert.ToString(dt, culture.DateTimeFormat);
WriteException(ex);
}
/// <summary>
/// Write string on log system processor
/// </summary>
/// <param name="str">logs message</param>
protected abstract void WriteLine(string str);
/// <summary>
/// Write string on log system processor
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ex">Exception</param>
protected abstract void WriteException(Exception ex);
/// <summary>
/// Close log system (file, stream, etc...)
/// </summary>
public abstract void Close();
}
/// <summary>
/// Logger processor, which write log to some stream
/// </summary>
public class LoggingStream : BaseLogging
{
private Stream stream;
/// <summary>
/// Constructor.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="stream">Initialized stream</param>
/// <param name="culture">Culture of log system</param>
public LoggingStream (Stream stream, CultureInfo culture)
: base(culture)
{
this.stream = stream;
}
/// <summary>
/// Write message log to stream
/// </summary>
/// <param name="str">Message log</param>
protected override void WriteLine(string str)
{
try
{
byte[] bytes;
bytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(str + "\n");
stream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
stream.Flush();
}
catch { }
}
/// <summary>
/// Write Exception to stream
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ex">Log's Exception</param>
protected override void WriteException(Exception ex)
{
DateTime dt = DateTime.Now;
string dts = Convert.ToString(dt, culture.DateTimeFormat);
string message = String.Format("{0} : Exception : {1}", dts, ex.Message);
if (ex.InnerException != null)
{
message = "Error : " + AddInnerEx(ex.InnerException, message);
}
WriteLine(message);
}
/// <summary>
/// Closing stream
/// </summary>
public override void Close()
{
stream.Close();
}
private string AddInnerEx(Exception exception, string message)
{
message += "\nInner Exception : " + exception.Message;
if (exception.InnerException != null)
{
message = AddInnerEx(exception.InnerException, message);
}
return message;
}
}
//initialization
FileStream FS = new FileStream(LogFilePath, FileMode.Create);
LoggingObserver.loggings.Add(new LoggingStream(FS, Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture));
//write exception
catch (Exception ex) {
LoggingObserver.AddLog(new Exception ("Exception message", ex));
}
//write log
LoggingObserver.AddLog("Just a log");