Dependency injection Lua I/O依赖项注入

我是个新手。我正在使用和对Lua5.1代码进行单元测试

我的班级是StorageManager。我正在对其load（）方法进行单元测试，该方法从磁盘加载文件。我不想让依赖于实际磁盘上的实际文件的单元测试来测试它

因此，我尝试将I/O依赖项注入一个模拟对象，并在测试期间验证该对象的行为。我不知道如何使用I/O对象，该对象的语法在我的基于模拟的单元测试和“真实代码”调用时都能工作

我如何更改代码（最好是load（）方法），以便在从任何一个单元测试调用它时都能完成它的工作（在我弄明白这一点之前，没有mock的代码是临时的——它类似于稍后实际调用被测方法的代码）

注1：如果运行这些测试，请记住“无模拟”测试要求磁盘上的文件名与有效的\u文件名匹配

注2：我考虑过使用pcall的类似try/catch的行为来执行一行或另一行（请参阅storageManager.lua第11行和第12行）。假设这是可能的，它感觉像是黑客攻击，它捕获了我以后可能想要抛出的错误（out-load（））。如果没有其他选择，请详细说明这一选择

测试\u storageManager.lua:

 1 require "StorageManager"
 2 require "lunity"
 3 require "lemock"
 4 module("storageManager", package.seeall, lunity)
 5 
 6 VALID_FILENAME = "storageManagerTest.dat"
 7 
 8 function setup()
 9     mc = lemock.controller()
10 end
11 
12 function test_load_reads_file_properly()
13     io_mock = mc:mock()
14     file_handle_mock = mc:mock()
15     io_mock:open(VALID_FILENAME, "r");mc:returns(file_handle_mock)
16     file_handle_mock:read("*all")
17     file_handle_mock:close()
18     mc:replay()
19     storageManager = StorageManager:new{ io = io_mock }
20     storageManager:load(VALID_FILENAME)
21     mc:verify()
22 end
23 
24 function test_load_reads_file_properly_without_mock()
25     storageManager = StorageManager:new()
26     storageManager:load(VALID_FILENAME)
27 end
28 
29 runTests{useANSI = false}

 1 StorageManager = {}
 2 
 3 function StorageManager.new (self,init)
 4     init = init or { io=io } -- I/O dependency injection attempt
 5     setmetatable(init,self)
 6     self.__index = self
 7     return init
 8 end
 9 
10 function StorageManager:load(filename)
11     file_handle = self['io'].open(self['io'], filename, "r") -- works w/ mock
12     -- file_handle = io.open(filename, "r") -- works w/o mock
13     result = file_handle:read("*all")
14     file_handle:close()
15     return result
16 end

storageManager.lua:

 1 require "StorageManager"
 2 require "lunity"
 3 require "lemock"
 4 module("storageManager", package.seeall, lunity)
 5 
 6 VALID_FILENAME = "storageManagerTest.dat"
 7 
 8 function setup()
 9     mc = lemock.controller()
10 end
11 
12 function test_load_reads_file_properly()
13     io_mock = mc:mock()
14     file_handle_mock = mc:mock()
15     io_mock:open(VALID_FILENAME, "r");mc:returns(file_handle_mock)
16     file_handle_mock:read("*all")
17     file_handle_mock:close()
18     mc:replay()
19     storageManager = StorageManager:new{ io = io_mock }
20     storageManager:load(VALID_FILENAME)
21     mc:verify()
22 end
23 
24 function test_load_reads_file_properly_without_mock()
25     storageManager = StorageManager:new()
26     storageManager:load(VALID_FILENAME)
27 end
28 
29 runTests{useANSI = false}

 1 StorageManager = {}
 2 
 3 function StorageManager.new (self,init)
 4     init = init or { io=io } -- I/O dependency injection attempt
 5     setmetatable(init,self)
 6     self.__index = self
 7     return init
 8 end
 9 
10 function StorageManager:load(filename)
11     file_handle = self['io'].open(self['io'], filename, "r") -- works w/ mock
12     -- file_handle = io.open(filename, "r") -- works w/o mock
13     result = file_handle:read("*all")
14     file_handle:close()
15     return result
16 end

编辑：

 1 require "StorageManager"
 2 require "lunity"
 3 require "lemock"
 4 module("storageManager", package.seeall, lunity)
 5 
 6 VALID_FILENAME = "storageManagerTest.dat"
 7 
 8 function setup()
 9     mc = lemock.controller()
10 end
11 
12 function test_load_reads_file_properly()
13     io_mock = mc:mock()
14     file_handle_mock = mc:mock()
15     io_mock:open(VALID_FILENAME, "r");mc:returns(file_handle_mock)
16     file_handle_mock:read("*all")
17     file_handle_mock:close()
18     mc:replay()
19     storageManager = StorageManager:new{ io = io_mock }
20     storageManager:load(VALID_FILENAME)
21     mc:verify()
22 end
23 
24 function test_load_reads_file_properly_without_mock()
25     storageManager = StorageManager:new()
26     storageManager:load(VALID_FILENAME)
27 end
28 
29 runTests{useANSI = false}

 1 StorageManager = {}
 2 
 3 function StorageManager.new (self,init)
 4     init = init or { io=io } -- I/O dependency injection attempt
 5     setmetatable(init,self)
 6     self.__index = self
 7     return init
 8 end
 9 
10 function StorageManager:load(filename)
11     file_handle = self['io'].open(self['io'], filename, "r") -- works w/ mock
12     -- file_handle = io.open(filename, "r") -- works w/o mock
13     result = file_handle:read("*all")
14     file_handle:close()
15     return result
16 end

这些类通过了这两个测试。非常感谢RBerteig

测试\u storageManager.lua

 1 require "admin.StorageManager"
 2 require "tests.lunity"
 3 require "lib.lemock"
 4 module("storageManager", package.seeall, lunity)
 5 
 6 VALID_FILENAME = "storageManagerTest.dat"
 7 
 8 function setup()
 9     mc = lemock.controller()
10 end
11
12 function test_load_reads_file_properly()
13     io_mock = mc:mock()
14     file_handle_mock = mc:mock()
15     io_mock.open(VALID_FILENAME, "r");mc:returns(file_handle_mock)
16     file_handle_mock:read("*all")
17     file_handle_mock:close()
18     mc:replay()
19     local saved_io = _G.io
20     _G.io = io_mock
21     package.loaded.io = io_mock
22     storageManager = StorageManager:new()
23     storageManager:load(VALID_FILENAME)
24     _G.io = saved_io
25     package.loaded.io = saved_io
26     mc:verify()
27 end
28
29 function test_load_reads_file_properly_without_mock()
30     storageManager = StorageManager:new()
31     storageManager:load(VALID_FILENAME)
32 end
33
34 runTests{useANSI = false}

 1 StorageManager = {}
 2 
 3 function StorageManager.new (self,init)
 4     init = init or {}
 5     setmetatable(init,self)
 6     self.__index = self
 7     return init
 8 end
 9 
10 function StorageManager:load(filename)
11     file_handle = io.open(filename, "r")
12     result = file_handle:read("*all")
13     file_handle:close()
14     return result
15 end

storageManager.lua

 1 require "admin.StorageManager"
 2 require "tests.lunity"
 3 require "lib.lemock"
 4 module("storageManager", package.seeall, lunity)
 5 
 6 VALID_FILENAME = "storageManagerTest.dat"
 7 
 8 function setup()
 9     mc = lemock.controller()
10 end
11
12 function test_load_reads_file_properly()
13     io_mock = mc:mock()
14     file_handle_mock = mc:mock()
15     io_mock.open(VALID_FILENAME, "r");mc:returns(file_handle_mock)
16     file_handle_mock:read("*all")
17     file_handle_mock:close()
18     mc:replay()
19     local saved_io = _G.io
20     _G.io = io_mock
21     package.loaded.io = io_mock
22     storageManager = StorageManager:new()
23     storageManager:load(VALID_FILENAME)
24     _G.io = saved_io
25     package.loaded.io = saved_io
26     mc:verify()
27 end
28
29 function test_load_reads_file_properly_without_mock()
30     storageManager = StorageManager:new()
31     storageManager:load(VALID_FILENAME)
32 end
33
34 runTests{useANSI = false}

 1 StorageManager = {}
 2 
 3 function StorageManager.new (self,init)
 4     init = init or {}
 5     setmetatable(init,self)
 6     self.__index = self
 7     return init
 8 end
 9 
10 function StorageManager:load(filename)
11     file_handle = io.open(filename, "r")
12     result = file_handle:read("*all")
13     file_handle:close()
14     return result
15 end

---

我认为你正在使这个问题变得更加困难

假设module storageManager.lua本身没有本地化

io

模块，那么您所需要做的就是在运行测试时用模拟对象替换全局

io

如果模块确实将

io

对象本地化以提高性能，那么您需要在加载模块之前注入

io

的新值。这可能意味着您需要调用测试用例设置的

require

部分（以及从

包中删除模块所有痕迹的匹配清理。加载的
和
\G
），以便在不同的测试用例中对其进行不同的模拟。
WinImage

编辑：

 1 require "StorageManager"
 2 require "lunity"
 3 require "lemock"
 4 module("storageManager", package.seeall, lunity)
 5 
 6 VALID_FILENAME = "storageManagerTest.dat"
 7 
 8 function setup()
 9     mc = lemock.controller()
10 end
11 
12 function test_load_reads_file_properly()
13     io_mock = mc:mock()
14     file_handle_mock = mc:mock()
15     io_mock:open(VALID_FILENAME, "r");mc:returns(file_handle_mock)
16     file_handle_mock:read("*all")
17     file_handle_mock:close()
18     mc:replay()
19     storageManager = StorageManager:new{ io = io_mock }
20     storageManager:load(VALID_FILENAME)
21     mc:verify()
22 end
23 
24 function test_load_reads_file_properly_without_mock()
25     storageManager = StorageManager:new()
26     storageManager:load(VALID_FILENAME)
27 end
28 
29 runTests{useANSI = false}

 1 StorageManager = {}
 2 
 3 function StorageManager.new (self,init)
 4     init = init or { io=io } -- I/O dependency injection attempt
 5     setmetatable(init,self)
 6     self.__index = self
 7     return init
 8 end
 9 
10 function StorageManager:load(filename)
11     file_handle = self['io'].open(self['io'], filename, "r") -- works w/ mock
12     -- file_handle = io.open(filename, "r") -- works w/o mock
13     result = file_handle:read("*all")
14     file_handle:close()
15     return result
16 end

通过对模块进行性能本地化，我指的是将模块的方法复制到模块名称空间中的局部变量中的Lua习惯用法。例如：

-- somemodule.lua
require "io"
require "math"

-- copy io and math to local variables
local io,math=io,math

-- begin the module itself, note that package.seeall is not used so globals are
-- not visible after this point
module(...)

function doMathAndIo()
    -- does something interesting here
end
我可能没有在正确的时刻还原真实对象，这是未经测试的，但它应该为您指明正确的方向。
我的意思不是（或知道如何）“为性能而本地化io对象”，而是我想“在运行测试时用[my]模拟对象替换全局io”。我以为我是在storageManager上做的。lua:4？如何正确地“替换全局io”？你能提供（或指给我）示例代码吗？你的编辑给了我所需要的。我已将更改后的代码编辑为原始问题。非常感谢。