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在docker-compose.yml中重复使用环境变量

docker docker-compose

在docker-compose.yml中重复使用环境变量,docker,docker-compose,environment-variables,Docker,Docker Compose,Environment Variables,是否可以重用在多个容器之间共享的环境变量 其目的是避免重复，如本例所示： 版本：“2” 服务： db: 图像：示例/db 端口： - "8443:8443" 容器名称：db 主机名：db 环境： -用户名=管理员 -用户\密码=管理员 svc： 图：示例/svc 取决于： -分贝 端口： - "9443:9443" 容器名称：svc 主机名：svc 环境： -DB_URL=https://db:8443 -DB\u USER\u NAME=admin -DB\u USER\u PASSWORD

是否可以重用在多个容器之间共享的环境变量

其目的是避免重复，如本例所示：

版本：“2”
服务：
db:
图像：示例/db
端口：
- "8443:8443" 
容器名称：db
主机名：db
环境：
-用户名=管理员
-用户\密码=管理员
svc：
图：示例/svc
取决于：
-分贝
端口：
- "9443:9443"
容器名称：svc
主机名：svc
环境：
-DB_URL=https://db:8443
-DB\u USER\u NAME=admin
-DB\u USER\u PASSWORD=admin
您可以从docker compose文件中引用本地环境变量。假设您想要做的是使
USER\u NAME
与
DB\u USER\u NAME
相同：

docker compose.yml

version: '2'

services:
  db:
    image: example/db
    ports:
      - "8443:8443" 
    container_name: db
    hostname: db
    environment:
      - USER_NAME = ${USERNAME}
      - USER_PASSWORD = ${PASSWORD}

svc:
  image: example/svc
  depends_on:
    - db
  ports:
    - "9443:9443"
  container_name: svc
  hostname: svc
  environment:
    - DB_URL = https://db:8443
    - DB_USER_NAME = ${USERNAME}
    - DB_USER_PASSWORD = ${PASSWORD}

 version: '3.4'

 x-common-variables: &common-variables
   VARIABLE: some_value
   ANOTHER_VARIABLE: another_value

 services:
   some_service:
     image: someimage
     environment: *common-variables

   another_service:
     image: anotherimage
     environment:
       <<: *common-variables
       NON_COMMON_VARIABLE: 'non_common_value'

 version: '3.2'

 services:
   some_service:
     image: someimage
     env_file:
       - 'variables.env'

   another_service:
     image: anotherimage
     env_file:
       - 'variables.env'

 version: '3.2'

 services:
   some_service:
     image: someimage
     environment:
       - VARIABLE

   another_service:
     image: anotherimage
     environment:
       - VARIABLE
       - ANOTHER_VARIABLE
然后，运行docker compose，如下所示：

$ USERNAME="admin" PASSWORD="admin" docker-compose up
或者，对于更持久、更易于重复键入的内容：

$ printf '%s\n%s\n' 'export USERNAME="admin"' 'export PASSWORD="admin"' >> ~/.bash_profile
$ source ~/.bash_profile
$ docker-compose up
您可以从docker compose文件中引用本地环境变量。假设您想要做的是使
USER\u NAME
与
DB\u USER\u NAME
相同：

docker compose.yml

version: '2'

services:
  db:
    image: example/db
    ports:
      - "8443:8443" 
    container_name: db
    hostname: db
    environment:
      - USER_NAME = ${USERNAME}
      - USER_PASSWORD = ${PASSWORD}

svc:
  image: example/svc
  depends_on:
    - db
  ports:
    - "9443:9443"
  container_name: svc
  hostname: svc
  environment:
    - DB_URL = https://db:8443
    - DB_USER_NAME = ${USERNAME}
    - DB_USER_PASSWORD = ${PASSWORD}

 version: '3.4'

 x-common-variables: &common-variables
   VARIABLE: some_value
   ANOTHER_VARIABLE: another_value

 services:
   some_service:
     image: someimage
     environment: *common-variables

   another_service:
     image: anotherimage
     environment:
       <<: *common-variables
       NON_COMMON_VARIABLE: 'non_common_value'

 version: '3.2'

 services:
   some_service:
     image: someimage
     env_file:
       - 'variables.env'

   another_service:
     image: anotherimage
     env_file:
       - 'variables.env'

 version: '3.2'

 services:
   some_service:
     image: someimage
     environment:
       - VARIABLE

   another_service:
     image: anotherimage
     environment:
       - VARIABLE
       - ANOTHER_VARIABLE
然后，运行docker compose，如下所示：

$ USERNAME="admin" PASSWORD="admin" docker-compose up
或者，对于更持久、更易于重复键入的内容：

$ printf '%s\n%s\n' 'export USERNAME="admin"' 'export PASSWORD="admin"' >> ~/.bash_profile
$ source ~/.bash_profile
$ docker-compose up
您可以使用指令（在compose
1.x
和
2.x
中提供）让多个容器从基础服务描述继承
环境
配置。例如，将以下内容放入名为
base.yml
的文件中：

version: '2'

services:
  base:
    environment:
      DB_URL: https://db:8443
      DB_USER_NAME: admin
      DB_USER_PASSWORD: admin 

version: '2'

services:
  container1:
    image: alpine
    command: sh -c "env; sleep 900"
    extends:
      file: base.yml
      service: base

  container2:
    image: alpine
    command: sh -c "env; sleep 900"
    extends:
      file: base.yml
      service: base
    environment:
      ANOTHERVAR: this is a test
然后在您的
docker compose.yml中：


version: '2'

services:
  base:
    environment:
      DB_URL: https://db:8443
      DB_USER_NAME: admin
      DB_USER_PASSWORD: admin 



version: '2'

services:
  container1:
    image: alpine
    command: sh -c "env; sleep 900"
    extends:
      file: base.yml
      service: base

  container2:
    image: alpine
    command: sh -c "env; sleep 900"
    extends:
      file: base.yml
      service: base
    environment:
      ANOTHERVAR: this is a test


然后在
容器1的内部，您将看到：


DB_URL=https://db:8443
DB_USER_NAME=admin
DB_USER_PASSWORD=admin



DB_URL=https://db:8443
DB_USER_NAME=admin
DB_USER_PASSWORD=admin
ANOTHERVAR=this is a test


在
容器2的内部，您将看到：


DB_URL=https://db:8443
DB_USER_NAME=admin
DB_USER_PASSWORD=admin



DB_URL=https://db:8443
DB_USER_NAME=admin
DB_USER_PASSWORD=admin
ANOTHERVAR=this is a test


显然，除了
环境
指令之外，您还可以使用
扩展
；使用docker compose时，这是一种避免重复的好方法。
您可以使用指令（在compose
1.x
和
2.x
中提供）让多个容器从底层服务描述继承
环境
配置。例如，将以下内容放入名为
base.yml
的文件中：


version: '2'

services:
  base:
    environment:
      DB_URL: https://db:8443
      DB_USER_NAME: admin
      DB_USER_PASSWORD: admin 



version: '2'

services:
  container1:
    image: alpine
    command: sh -c "env; sleep 900"
    extends:
      file: base.yml
      service: base

  container2:
    image: alpine
    command: sh -c "env; sleep 900"
    extends:
      file: base.yml
      service: base
    environment:
      ANOTHERVAR: this is a test


然后在您的
docker compose.yml中：


version: '2'

services:
  base:
    environment:
      DB_URL: https://db:8443
      DB_USER_NAME: admin
      DB_USER_PASSWORD: admin 



version: '2'

services:
  container1:
    image: alpine
    command: sh -c "env; sleep 900"
    extends:
      file: base.yml
      service: base

  container2:
    image: alpine
    command: sh -c "env; sleep 900"
    extends:
      file: base.yml
      service: base
    environment:
      ANOTHERVAR: this is a test


然后在
容器1的内部，您将看到：


DB_URL=https://db:8443
DB_USER_NAME=admin
DB_USER_PASSWORD=admin



DB_URL=https://db:8443
DB_USER_NAME=admin
DB_USER_PASSWORD=admin
ANOTHERVAR=this is a test


在
容器2的内部，您将看到：


DB_URL=https://db:8443
DB_USER_NAME=admin
DB_USER_PASSWORD=admin



DB_URL=https://db:8443
DB_USER_NAME=admin
DB_USER_PASSWORD=admin
ANOTHERVAR=this is a test



显然，除了
环境
指令之外，您还可以使用
扩展
；使用docker compose时，这是一种避免重复的好方法。
扩展
选项可能很好，但它位于
3.x
compose文件中。其他方法包括：


  • （撰写文件3.4+）
    
如果可以使用3.4+组合文件，扩展名字段可能是最佳选项：
    
docker compose.yml
    

    version: '2'

services:
  db:
    image: example/db
    ports:
      - "8443:8443" 
    container_name: db
    hostname: db
    environment:
      - USER_NAME = ${USERNAME}
      - USER_PASSWORD = ${PASSWORD}

svc:
  image: example/svc
  depends_on:
    - db
  ports:
    - "9443:9443"
  container_name: svc
  hostname: svc
  environment:
    - DB_URL = https://db:8443
    - DB_USER_NAME = ${USERNAME}
    - DB_USER_PASSWORD = ${PASSWORD}

    

     version: '3.4'

 x-common-variables: &common-variables
   VARIABLE: some_value
   ANOTHER_VARIABLE: another_value

 services:
   some_service:
     image: someimage
     environment: *common-variables

   another_service:
     image: anotherimage
     environment:
       <<: *common-variables
       NON_COMMON_VARIABLE: 'non_common_value'

    

     version: '3.2'

 services:
   some_service:
     image: someimage
     env_file:
       - 'variables.env'

   another_service:
     image: anotherimage
     env_file:
       - 'variables.env'

    

     version: '3.2'

 services:
   some_service:
     image: someimage
     environment:
       - VARIABLE

   another_service:
     image: anotherimage
     environment:
       - VARIABLE
       - ANOTHER_VARIABLE

    
变量。env
    

     VARIABLE=some_value
 ANOTHER_VARIABLE=another_value

    

     VARIABLE=some_value
 ANOTHER_VARIABLE=another_value

    

    • 

  • 项目根目录中的.env
（或实际组合环境中的变量）
    
可以在服务配置中引用.env文件中的变量：
    
docker compose.yml
    

    version: '2'

services:
  db:
    image: example/db
    ports:
      - "8443:8443" 
    container_name: db
    hostname: db
    environment:
      - USER_NAME = ${USERNAME}
      - USER_PASSWORD = ${PASSWORD}

svc:
  image: example/svc
  depends_on:
    - db
  ports:
    - "9443:9443"
  container_name: svc
  hostname: svc
  environment:
    - DB_URL = https://db:8443
    - DB_USER_NAME = ${USERNAME}
    - DB_USER_PASSWORD = ${PASSWORD}

    

     version: '3.4'

 x-common-variables: &common-variables
   VARIABLE: some_value
   ANOTHER_VARIABLE: another_value

 services:
   some_service:
     image: someimage
     environment: *common-variables

   another_service:
     image: anotherimage
     environment:
       <<: *common-variables
       NON_COMMON_VARIABLE: 'non_common_value'

    

     version: '3.2'

 services:
   some_service:
     image: someimage
     env_file:
       - 'variables.env'

   another_service:
     image: anotherimage
     env_file:
       - 'variables.env'

    

     version: '3.2'

 services:
   some_service:
     image: someimage
     environment:
       - VARIABLE

   another_service:
     image: anotherimage
     environment:
       - VARIABLE
       - ANOTHER_VARIABLE

    
.env
    

     VARIABLE=some_value
 ANOTHER_VARIABLE=another_value

    

     VARIABLE=some_value
 ANOTHER_VARIABLE=another_value

    

    • 

    extends
    选项可能很好，但它位于
    3.x
    组合文件中。其他方法包括：
    

  • （撰写文件3.4+）
    
如果可以使用3.4+组合文件，扩展名字段可能是最佳选项：
    
docker compose.yml
    

    version: '2'

services:
  db:
    image: example/db
    ports:
      - "8443:8443" 
    container_name: db
    hostname: db
    environment:
      - USER_NAME = ${USERNAME}
      - USER_PASSWORD = ${PASSWORD}

svc:
  image: example/svc
  depends_on:
    - db
  ports:
    - "9443:9443"
  container_name: svc
  hostname: svc
  environment:
    - DB_URL = https://db:8443
    - DB_USER_NAME = ${USERNAME}
    - DB_USER_PASSWORD = ${PASSWORD}

    

     version: '3.4'

 x-common-variables: &common-variables
   VARIABLE: some_value
   ANOTHER_VARIABLE: another_value

 services:
   some_service:
     image: someimage
     environment: *common-variables

   another_service:
     image: anotherimage
     environment:
       <<: *common-variables
       NON_COMMON_VARIABLE: 'non_common_value'

    

     version: '3.2'

 services:
   some_service:
     image: someimage
     env_file:
       - 'variables.env'

   another_service:
     image: anotherimage
     env_file:
       - 'variables.env'

    

     version: '3.2'

 services:
   some_service:
     image: someimage
     environment:
       - VARIABLE

   another_service:
     image: anotherimage
     environment:
       - VARIABLE
       - ANOTHER_VARIABLE

    
变量。env
    

     VARIABLE=some_value
 ANOTHER_VARIABLE=another_value

    

     VARIABLE=some_value
 ANOTHER_VARIABLE=another_value

    

    • 

  • 项目根目录中的.env
（或实际组合环境中的变量）
    
可以在服务配置中引用.env文件中的变量：
    
docker compose.yml
    

    version: '2'

services:
  db:
    image: example/db
    ports:
      - "8443:8443" 
    container_name: db
    hostname: db
    environment:
      - USER_NAME = ${USERNAME}
      - USER_PASSWORD = ${PASSWORD}

svc:
  image: example/svc
  depends_on:
    - db
  ports:
    - "9443:9443"
  container_name: svc
  hostname: svc
  environment:
    - DB_URL = https://db:8443
    - DB_USER_NAME = ${USERNAME}
    - DB_USER_PASSWORD = ${PASSWORD}

    

     version: '3.4'

 x-common-variables: &common-variables
   VARIABLE: some_value
   ANOTHER_VARIABLE: another_value

 services:
   some_service:
     image: someimage
     environment: *common-variables

   another_service:
     image: anotherimage
     environment:
       <<: *common-variables
       NON_COMMON_VARIABLE: 'non_common_value'

    

     version: '3.2'

 services:
   some_service:
     image: someimage
     env_file:
       - 'variables.env'

   another_service:
     image: anotherimage
     env_file:
       - 'variables.env'

    

     version: '3.2'

 services:
   some_service:
     image: someimage
     environment:
       - VARIABLE

   another_service:
     image: anotherimage
     environment:
       - VARIABLE
       - ANOTHER_VARIABLE

    
.env
    

     VARIABLE=some_value
 ANOTHER_VARIABLE=another_value

    

     VARIABLE=some_value
 ANOTHER_VARIABLE=another_value

    

    • 

    extends
    适用于我的用例。它优于局部变量，因为它消除了对特定用户的依赖。使用
    extends
    可以做的另一件事是指定通用容器标签。我可以
    extends
    多个服务吗？或者每个服务有多个文件？对于从子目录调用内容时遇到FileNotFoundError的任何其他人，您可以使用文件的相对路径：“./base.yml”
    extends
    适用于我的用例。它优于局部变量，因为它消除了对特定用户的依赖。使用
    extends
    可以做的另一件事是指定通用容器标签。我可以
    extends
    多个服务吗？或者每个服务有多个文件？对于从子目录调用内容时遇到FileNotFoundError的任何其他人，您可以使用文件的相对路径：“./base.yml”我认为
    $USERNAME=“admin”PASSWORD=“admin”docker compose
    不好。黑客喜欢
    $history
    并使用历史记录获取密码cmd@ChangwooRhee如果您在本地使用docker compose的敏感凭据，您会遇到与技术无关的问题，我认为
    $USERNAME=“admin”PASSWORD=“admin”docker compose up
    不好。黑客喜欢
    $history
    并使用历史记录获取密码cmd@ChangwooRhee如果您在本地使用docker compose的敏感凭据，那么对于那些不太熟悉YAML的人来说，您会遇到与技术无关的问题：请参阅“合并密钥语言”在YAML中，关于表示法==>environment:@logicOnAbstractions的原因，我到扩展字段文档的链接就足够了，对于那些不太熟悉YAML的人，YAML特性将进行解释：请参阅“合并键语言”在YAML中，关于表示法==>environment:@logicOnAbstractions的原因，我到扩展字段文档的链接就足够了，这里解释了YAML特性