Ios 成员初始值设定项如何在结构中工作？（以Swift格式）

因为我是一个完全的初学者，我甚至不知道我问的问题是否正确。但是我很难理解为什么for循环中的“用户（名称：“John…”部分代码有效

    CASE1
 struct User
 {
    let name: String
    let company: String
    let login: String
    let password: String



 static let database: Dictionary<String, User> = {
    var theDatabase = Dictionary<String, User>()
    for user in [
        User(name: "John Appleseed", company: "Apple", login: "japple", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "Madison Bumgarner", company: "World Champion San Francisco Giants", login: "madbum", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "John Hennessy", company: "Stanford", login: "hennessy", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "Bad Guy", company: "Criminals, Inc.", login: "baddie", password: "foo")
    ] {
        theDatabase[user.login] = user
    }
    return theDatabase
}()

}

    CASE1
 struct User
 {
    let name: String
    let company: String
    let login: String
    let password: String



 static let database: Dictionary<String, User> = {
    var theDatabase = Dictionary<String, User>()
    for user in [
        User(name: "John Appleseed", company: "Apple", login: "japple", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "Madison Bumgarner", company: "World Champion San Francisco Giants", login: "madbum", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "John Hennessy", company: "Stanford", login: "hennessy", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "Bad Guy", company: "Criminals, Inc.", login: "baddie", password: "foo")
    ] {
        theDatabase[user.login] = user
    }
    return theDatabase
}()

为了理解CASE1是如何工作的，我运行了一个更简单的代码版本，即CASE2。尽管在这两种情况下发生了完全相同的事情，[关于用户（…参数]），我在第二种情况下得到了错误“声明预期”。 Paul爵士（斯坦福cs193p）说这是一个相当简单的数据库，但我已经花了6个多小时试图解决这个问题。

这非常简单。

    CASE1
 struct User
 {
    let name: String
    let company: String
    let login: String
    let password: String



 static let database: Dictionary<String, User> = {
    var theDatabase = Dictionary<String, User>()
    for user in [
        User(name: "John Appleseed", company: "Apple", login: "japple", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "Madison Bumgarner", company: "World Champion San Francisco Giants", login: "madbum", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "John Hennessy", company: "Stanford", login: "hennessy", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "Bad Guy", company: "Criminals, Inc.", login: "baddie", password: "foo")
    ] {
        theDatabase[user.login] = user
    }
    return theDatabase
}()

[collection]中的使您能够对数组、字典或其他集合进行迭代。在案例1中，您可以创建用户数组：

    CASE1
 struct User
 {
    let name: String
    let company: String
    let login: String
    let password: String



 static let database: Dictionary<String, User> = {
    var theDatabase = Dictionary<String, User>()
    for user in [
        User(name: "John Appleseed", company: "Apple", login: "japple", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "Madison Bumgarner", company: "World Champion San Francisco Giants", login: "madbum", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "John Hennessy", company: "Stanford", login: "hennessy", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "Bad Guy", company: "Criminals, Inc.", login: "baddie", password: "foo")
    ] {
        theDatabase[user.login] = user
    }
    return theDatabase
}()

[
User(), User()
]

但在第二种情况下，你没有。

---

此语法：[User（），User（），User（）]创建数组。

for循环必须包含在闭包中

    CASE1
 struct User
 {
    let name: String
    let company: String
    let login: String
    let password: String



 static let database: Dictionary<String, User> = {
    var theDatabase = Dictionary<String, User>()
    for user in [
        User(name: "John Appleseed", company: "Apple", login: "japple", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "Madison Bumgarner", company: "World Champion San Francisco Giants", login: "madbum", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "John Hennessy", company: "Stanford", login: "hennessy", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "Bad Guy", company: "Criminals, Inc.", login: "baddie", password: "foo")
    ] {
        theDatabase[user.login] = user
    }
    return theDatabase
}()

在案例1中，您使用闭包声明一个名为

database

的静态属性。以下是声明：

    CASE1
 struct User
 {
    let name: String
    let company: String
    let login: String
    let password: String



 static let database: Dictionary<String, User> = {
    var theDatabase = Dictionary<String, User>()
    for user in [
        User(name: "John Appleseed", company: "Apple", login: "japple", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "Madison Bumgarner", company: "World Champion San Francisco Giants", login: "madbum", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "John Hennessy", company: "Stanford", login: "hennessy", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "Bad Guy", company: "Criminals, Inc.", login: "baddie", password: "foo")
    ] {
        theDatabase[user.login] = user
    }
    return theDatabase
}()

static let database: Dictionary<String, User> = {
    // This is the body of the closure
}()

如您所见，我添加了

数据库的声明和闭包，并在用户周围添加了
[]

    CASE1
 struct User
 {
    let name: String
    let company: String
    let login: String
    let password: String



 static let database: Dictionary<String, User> = {
    var theDatabase = Dictionary<String, User>()
    for user in [
        User(name: "John Appleseed", company: "Apple", login: "japple", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "Madison Bumgarner", company: "World Champion San Francisco Giants", login: "madbum", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "John Hennessy", company: "Stanford", login: "hennessy", password: "foo"),
        User(name: "Bad Guy", company: "Criminals, Inc.", login: "baddie", password: "foo")
    ] {
        theDatabase[user.login] = user
    }
    return theDatabase
}()