Java 如何模拟Spring转换服务？

我编写的web应用程序工作正常。现在我想对控制器方法进行单元测试。这些方法的模式是：

将http请求对象（DTO）转换为域对象

使用域对象调用服务层中的业务逻辑

将业务逻辑的响应转换为响应（DTO）对象

对于转换步骤，我使用Spring ConversionService，bean配置如下：

<bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
<property name="converters">
  <list>
    <bean class="my.package.RequestToDomainConverter" />
    <bean class="my.package.DomainToResponseConverter" />
  </list>
</property>

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:/my/package/MyControllerTest-context.xml"})
public class MyControllerTest {
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Mock
    private ConversionService conversionService;

    @Mock
    private BusinessLayer businessLayer;

    @InjectMocks
    private MyController myController;

    @Before
    public void setup() throws Exception {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetum(myController).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testCreateSelection(){
        // create a json string representation of the requestDTO
        String jsonDTO = new String("a valid json representation");

        // create objects to convert
        RequestDTO myRequestDTO = new RequestDTO();
        DomainObject myDomainObject = new DomainObject();
        ResponseDTO responseDTO = new ResponseDTO();

        // instruct the conversionservice mock to return the expected objects
        when(conversionService.convert(myRequestDTO, DomainObject.class))
            .thenReturn(myDomainObject);
        when(conversionService.convert(domainResponse, ResponseDTO.class))
            .thenReturn(myResponseDTO);

        // the businessLayer mock returns the same object that was given to it
        when(businessLayer.doService(domainObject))
            .thenReturn(domainObject);

        //create the necessary http headers
        HttHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
        httpHeaders.add("Accept", "application/json");

        //execute the controller method
        mockMvc.perform(post("/selection")
            .content(jsonDTO)
            .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
            .headers(httpHeaders))
        .andExpect(status().isOk());
        // further testing...
    }
}

使用方法如下：

@RequestMapping(method  =  RequestMethod.POST,
                headers = "Accept=application/json")
@ResponseStatus(value = HttpStatus.CREATED) 
@ResponseBody 
public ResponseDTO createSelection( 
    @RequestBody RequestDTO requestDTO,
    HttpServletResponse response,
    Authentication authentication ) {

    DomainObject domainObject = conversionService.convert(requestDTO, DomainObject.class);
    // note: during test the conversionService returns null here...
    DomainObject businessAnswer = BusinessLayer.doService(domainObject);
    ResponseDTO responseDTO = conversionService.convert(businessAnswer, ResponseDTO.class);
return responseDTO;
}

如上所述，当部署到应用程序服务器时，应用程序按预期工作

我的测试类构建如下：

<bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
<property name="converters">
  <list>
    <bean class="my.package.RequestToDomainConverter" />
    <bean class="my.package.DomainToResponseConverter" />
  </list>
</property>

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:/my/package/MyControllerTest-context.xml"})
public class MyControllerTest {
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Mock
    private ConversionService conversionService;

    @Mock
    private BusinessLayer businessLayer;

    @InjectMocks
    private MyController myController;

    @Before
    public void setup() throws Exception {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetum(myController).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testCreateSelection(){
        // create a json string representation of the requestDTO
        String jsonDTO = new String("a valid json representation");

        // create objects to convert
        RequestDTO myRequestDTO = new RequestDTO();
        DomainObject myDomainObject = new DomainObject();
        ResponseDTO responseDTO = new ResponseDTO();

        // instruct the conversionservice mock to return the expected objects
        when(conversionService.convert(myRequestDTO, DomainObject.class))
            .thenReturn(myDomainObject);
        when(conversionService.convert(domainResponse, ResponseDTO.class))
            .thenReturn(myResponseDTO);

        // the businessLayer mock returns the same object that was given to it
        when(businessLayer.doService(domainObject))
            .thenReturn(domainObject);

        //create the necessary http headers
        HttHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
        httpHeaders.add("Accept", "application/json");

        //execute the controller method
        mockMvc.perform(post("/selection")
            .content(jsonDTO)
            .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
            .headers(httpHeaders))
        .andExpect(status().isOk());
        // further testing...
    }
}

在调试模式下运行此测试时，我看到已成功调用控制器中的createSelection方法，而在该方法中，requestDTO对象具有给定给jsonDTO对象的值

但是，当要求conversionService将requestDTO转换为DomainObject时，它返回null

---

这是为什么？如何设置我的测试以使其返回转换的对象？

这是因为在下面的行中：

when(conversionService.convert(myRequestDTO, DomainObject.class))
        .thenReturn(myDomainObject);

方法希望接收相同的对象

myRequestDTO

，这与您的情况不同，因为您将在控制器内部创建同一类的另一个实例。两者都是从同一个类创建的，但具有不同的标识。相反，您可以使用：

when(conversionService.convert(any(DomainObject.class), Matchers.<DomainObject>any()))
        .thenReturn(myDomainObject);

when（conversionService.convert（any（DomainObject.class）、Matchers.any（））
.thenReturn（myDomainObject）；

这允许期望相同的对象，而与此对象的标识无关