Java 如何以编程方式配置appender或初始化log4j2中的日志记录？

我一直在尝试以编程方式配置appender，但到目前为止还没有成功。 我只想配置没有文件的appender，以便它可以将日志发送到控制台或文件

    String PATTERN = "%d [%p|%c|%C{1}] %m%n";
    PatternLayout layout = PatternLayout.createLayout(PATTERN, null, null,
            null, null, null);
    ConsoleAppender console = ConsoleAppender.createAppender(layout, null,
            null, "console", "true", "true"); // create appender

    AppenderRef appender = AppenderRef.createAppenderRef("console",
            "DEBUG", null);

    logger = (Logger) LogManager.getLogger(InitLogger.class);
    LoggerContext context = logger.getContext();
    BaseConfiguration configuration =(BaseConfiguration) context.getConfiguration();
    configuration.addAppender(console);
    logger.addAppender(configuration.getAppender("console"));

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请尝试以下示例代码

import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.ConsoleAppender;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AppenderRef;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Configuration;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.PatternLayout;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.ExtendedLogger;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.LoggerContext;

public class TestLog4j2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {

            ConsoleAppender console = ConsoleAppender.createAppender(PatternLayout.createDefaultLayout(), null, "SYSTEM_OUT", "console", null, null);
             final LoggerContext ctx = (LoggerContext) new org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext("console" );
                final Configuration config = ((org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext) ctx).getConfiguration();
                console.start();
                config.addAppender(console);
                AppenderRef ref = AppenderRef.createAppenderRef("console", null, null);
                AppenderRef[] refs = new AppenderRef[] {ref};
                LoggerConfig loggerConfig = LoggerConfig.createLogger("false", Level.ALL, "org.apache.logging.log4j",
                    "true", refs, null, config, null );
                loggerConfig.addAppender(console, null, null);
                config.addLogger("org.apache.logging.log4j", loggerConfig);
                ((org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext) ctx).updateLoggers();
                ExtendedLogger logger = (ExtendedLogger) ctx.getLogger("console");
                logger.error("abc");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

---

以下是最简单的方法：

import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.ConsoleAppender;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AbstractConfiguration;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AppenderRef;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.PatternLayout;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        configure();
        Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger("com.company");
        logger.trace("Hello Word!");

    }

    public static void configure() {
        LoggerContext ctx = (LoggerContext) LogManager.getContext(false);
        AbstractConfiguration config = (AbstractConfiguration) ctx.getConfiguration();
        ConsoleAppender appender = ConsoleAppender.createDefaultAppenderForLayout(PatternLayout.createDefaultLayout());
        appender.start();
        config.addAppender(appender);
        AppenderRef[] refs = new AppenderRef[] { AppenderRef.createAppenderRef(appender.getName(), null, null) };
        LoggerConfig loggerConfig = LoggerConfig.createLogger("false", Level.ALL, LogManager.ROOT_LOGGER_NAME, "true", refs, null, config, null);
        loggerConfig.addAppender(appender, null, null);
        config.addLogger(LogManager.ROOT_LOGGER_NAME, loggerConfig);
        ctx.updateLoggers();
    }
}

---

您需要重置并将appender添加到rootLogger。请看这篇文章讨论的是log4j1，因此这没有帮助。这是在log4j2的ConfigurationFactory的帮助下实现的[link][1][1]：如何使此记录器异步？@Paul如何重新启动使用上述配置创建的appender？