Java 如何将Hibernate从MySQL迁移到SQL Server？

我需要将我的JPA/Hibernate（5.1）JavaEE应用程序从MySQL迁移到SQLServer（2012）。由于JPA提供了抽象，我谦虚地认为这是简单而直接的

我开始在Wildfly 10上加载从Microsoft网站下载的SQL Server JDBC 4.2驱动程序，并定义新的数据源，从而成功地进行了连接测试

然后，我重新发布了我的应用程序，让Hibernate重新构建数据库表，但我仍然坚持这一点：

13:27:29,268 WARN  [org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper] (ServerService Thread Pool -- 61) SQL Error: 1038, SQLState: S0004
13:27:29,268 ERROR [org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper] (ServerService Thread Pool -- 61) An object or column name is missing or empty. For SELECT INTO statements, verify each column has a name. For other statements, look for empty alias names. Aliases defined as "" or [] are not allowed. Change the alias to a valid name.
13:27:29,270 ERROR [org.jboss.msc.service.fail] (ServerService Thread Pool -- 61) MSC000001: Failed to start service jboss.persistenceunit."best.war#best": org.jboss.msc.service.StartException in service jboss.persistenceunit."best.war#best": javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: best] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory
    at org.jboss.as.jpa.service.PersistenceUnitServiceImpl$1$1.run(PersistenceUnitServiceImpl.java:172)
    at org.jboss.as.jpa.service.PersistenceUnitServiceImpl$1$1.run(PersistenceUnitServiceImpl.java:117)
    at org.wildfly.security.manager.WildFlySecurityManager.doChecked(WildFlySecurityManager.java:667)
    at org.jboss.as.jpa.service.PersistenceUnitServiceImpl$1.run(PersistenceUnitServiceImpl.java:182)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
    at org.jboss.threads.JBossThread.run(JBossThread.java:320)
Caused by: javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: best] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.persistenceException(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:954)
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:884)
    at org.jboss.as.jpa.hibernate5.TwoPhaseBootstrapImpl.build(TwoPhaseBootstrapImpl.java:44)
    at org.jboss.as.jpa.service.PersistenceUnitServiceImpl$1$1.run(PersistenceUnitServiceImpl.java:154)
    ... 7 more
Caused by: org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: Error accessing table metadata
    at org.hibernate.exception.internal.SQLStateConversionDelegate.convert(SQLStateConversionDelegate.java:106)
    at org.hibernate.exception.internal.StandardSQLExceptionConverter.convert(StandardSQLExceptionConverter.java:42)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:111)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:97)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.extract.internal.InformationExtractorJdbcDatabaseMetaDataImpl.convertSQLException(InformationExtractorJdbcDatabaseMetaDataImpl.java:99)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.extract.internal.InformationExtractorJdbcDatabaseMetaDataImpl.locateTableInNamespace(InformationExtractorJdbcDatabaseMetaDataImpl.java:354)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.extract.internal.InformationExtractorJdbcDatabaseMetaDataImpl.getTable(InformationExtractorJdbcDatabaseMetaDataImpl.java:228)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.exec.ImprovedDatabaseInformationImpl.getTableInformation(ImprovedDatabaseInformationImpl.java:109)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.SchemaMigratorImpl.performMigration(SchemaMigratorImpl.java:252)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.SchemaMigratorImpl.doMigration(SchemaMigratorImpl.java:137)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.SchemaMigratorImpl.doMigration(SchemaMigratorImpl.java:110)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.performDatabaseAction(SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.java:176)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.process(SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.java:64)
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl.<init>(SessionFactoryImpl.java:458)
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.build(SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.java:465)
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:881)
    ... 9 more
Caused by: com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException: An object or column name is missing or empty. For SELECT INTO statements, verify each column has a name. For other statements, look for empty alias names. Aliases defined as "" or [] are not allowed. Change the alias to a valid name.
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException.makeFromDatabaseError(SQLServerException.java:217)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.TDSTokenHandler.onEOF(tdsparser.java:251)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.TDSParser.parse(tdsparser.java:81)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.TDSParser.parse(tdsparser.java:36)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection$1ConnectionCommand.doExecute(SQLServerConnection.java:1834)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.TDSCommand.execute(IOBuffer.java:6276)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.executeCommand(SQLServerConnection.java:1793)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.connectionCommand(SQLServerConnection.java:1839)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.setCatalog(SQLServerConnection.java:2190)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.switchCatalogs(SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.java:331)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.getResultSetFromStoredProc(SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.java:282)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.getResultSetWithProvidedColumnNames(SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.java:309)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.getTables(SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.java:496)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.extract.internal.InformationExtractorJdbcDatabaseMetaDataImpl.locateTableInNamespace(InformationExtractorJdbcDatabaseMetaDataImpl.java:339)
    ... 19 more

13:27:29,278 ERROR [org.jboss.as.controller.management-operation] (Controller Boot Thread) WFLYCTL0013: Operation ("deploy") failed - address: ([("deployment" => "best.war")]) - failure description: {"WFLYCTL0080: Failed services" => {"jboss.persistenceunit.\"best.war#best\"" => "org.jboss.msc.service.StartException in service jboss.persistenceunit.\"best.war#best\": javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: best] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory
    Caused by: javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: best] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory
    Caused by: org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: Error accessing table metadata
    Caused by: com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException: An object or column name is missing or empty. For SELECT INTO statements, verify each column has a name. For other statements, look for empty alias names. Aliases defined as \"\" or [] are not allowed. Change the alias to a valid name."}}
13:27:29,300 INFO  [org.jboss.as.server] (ServerService Thread Pool -- 34) WFLYSRV0010: Deployed "best.war" (runtime-name : "best.war")
13:27:29,301 INFO  [org.jboss.as.controller] (Controller Boot Thread) WFLYCTL0183: Service status report
WFLYCTL0186:   Services which failed to start:      service jboss.persistenceunit."best.war#best": org.jboss.msc.service.StartException in service jboss.persistenceunit."best.war#best": javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: best] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory

我还尝试添加此内容，因为我使用的是SQL Server 2012，但没有任何更改：

<property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2012Dialect" />

有什么想法或建议吗

更新

---

这个问题似乎只有在使用

hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=update

时才会出现，因为使用

create

它可以工作。但是我真的需要

update

像处理MySQL那样工作，因为我正在进行大量开发，并且我的模式经常更改。

MySQL和SQL Server都有一些特定的关键字或保留名称

---

检查您的实体是否未使用任何名称作为表名或列名。

我在SQL Server 2012中使用hibernate5.1.0.Final时遇到类似问题。我降级到hibernate4.3.11。最终解决了问题

Hibernate EntityManager 5.1.0.Final

INFO  Version:37 - HHH000412: Hibernate Core {5.1.0.Final}
INFO  Environment:213 - HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found
INFO  Environment:317 - HHH000021: Bytecode provider name : javassist
INFO  Version:66 - HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {5.0.1.Final}
INFO  Dialect:156 - HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2012Dialect
INFO  Version:30 - HV000001: Hibernate Validator 5.2.4.Final
WARN  SqlExceptionHelper:129 - SQL Error: 1038, SQLState: S0004
ERROR SqlExceptionHelper:131 - Falta o está vacío un nombre de objeto o columna. Compruebe si todas las columnas de las instrucciones SELECT INTO tienen un nombre. Para otras instrucciones, busque si hay nombres de alias vacíos. No se permiten los alias definidos como "" o []. Cambie el alias por un nombre válido.

Hibernate EntityManager 4.3.11.4最终版本

Version:54 - HHH000412: Hibernate Core {4.3.11.Final}
Environment:239 - HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found
Environment:346 - HHH000021: Bytecode provider name : javassist
Version:66 - HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {4.0.5.Final}
Dialect:145 - HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2012Dialect
ASTQueryTranslatorFactory:47 - HHH000397: Using ASTQueryTranslatorFactory
Version:30 - HV000001: Hibernate Validator 5.2.4.Final
SchemaValidator:157 - HHH000229: Running schema validator
SchemaValidator:165 - HHH000102: Fetching database metadata
TableMetadata:65 - HHH000261: Table found: rino.rino.tipo_ticket

---

希望这有帮助

SQL Server需要显式的目录和架构设置

persistence.xml中的其他说明：

<property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2012Dialect" />
<property name="hibernate.default_catalog" value="[database name]" />
<property name="hibernate.default_schema" value="dbo" />
<property name="hibernate.id.new_generator_mappings" value="false" />

---

参考文献：

---

如果在persistence.xml中使用带有架构值但没有目录值且没有hibernate.default\u目录的@Table，则会出现问题

---

这是我视野中的一个错误。它在4.3中运行得非常好。现在，如果在@Table-only模式中指定了而没有目录，则Hibernate不会向SQL Server发出正确的查询！我在这里提出了一个错误：

我在这里写这篇文章很晚，但当我无法让Spring Boot JPA像处理MySQL和Postgres那样处理MS SQL Server时，我在这里登陆了

此线程对使用Hibernate5.0.12.Final的Spring Boot1.5.9.RELEASE非常有用

还请注意，许多教程显示了Spring Boot application.properties文件，其中包含数据库和hibernate的条目，这些条目现在已被Spring Boot更新的属性所取代

因此，如果您将Spring Boot与Microsoft SQL Server一起使用，请使用以下类型的属性

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:sqlserver://127.0.0.1:1433;jdbc.databaseName=mydb
spring.datasource.username=admin
spring.datasource.password=aadmin
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver
spring.jpa.database=sql-server
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update

在实体中，您需要提供以下模式信息：

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(schema="dbo", name="MyUser",catalog="mydatabase")
public class MyUser {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public MyUser() {
    }

    public MyUser(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", Age=" + age + '}';
    }
}

---

注意：

@表

注释的

目录

属性应该是您的数据库名称。如上所述，当结合使用Spring Boot和Hibernate时，连接和访问Microsoft SQL Server需要它。

它们没有，这都是JPA的默认设置。我没有

@表

s和

@列

s，但我发现问题只存在于

update

DDL和

create

works中。是否再次尝试切换到更新？您在上面写道，您只有在出现问题后才设置方言，可能引入了某种不可恢复的模式不匹配。hibernate.default_catalog=[database name]修复了它，谢谢！！这是我视野中的一个错误。它在4.3中运行得非常好。现在，如果在@Table-only模式中指定了而没有目录，则Hibernate不会向SQL Server发出正确的查询！我养了一只虫子谢谢！对于那些试图设置与mssql对话的Quarkus应用程序的人：```Quarkus.hibernate orm.dial=org.hibernate.dial.SQLServer2012Dialect Quarkus.hibernate orm.database.default catalog=DBNAME Quarkus.hibernate orm.database.default schema=SCHEMANAME```

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(schema="dbo", name="MyUser",catalog="mydatabase")
public class MyUser {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public MyUser() {
    }

    public MyUser(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", Age=" + age + '}';
    }
}