Java org.springframework.web.client.ResourceAccessException:GET请求的I/O错误；http://localhost:8080/": 连接被拒绝：连接

我正在遵循官方的Spring Boot Kotlin指南（）并且我遇到了麻烦。每次运行简单的TestRestTemplate“/”调用时，都会出现以下错误：

org.springframework.web.client.ResourceAccessException:获取请求时发生I/O错误“http://localhost:8080/“：连接被拒绝：连接；嵌套异常为java.net.ConnectException:连接被拒绝：连接

这是我的密码：

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
class IntegrationTests {

    @Test
    fun `Assert blog page title, content and status code`(@Autowired restTemplate: TestRestTemplate) {
        val entity = restTemplate.getForEntity<String>("/")
        Assertions.assertThat(entity.statusCode).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK)
        Assertions.assertThat(entity.body).contains("foo")
    }
}

@SpringBootTest（webEnvironment=SpringBootTest.webEnvironment.RANDOM\u端口）
类集成测试{
@试验
fun`Assert blog页面标题、内容和状态代码`（@Autowired restemplate:testrestemplate）{
val entity=restTemplate.getForEntity（“/”）
Assertions.assertThat（entity.statusCode）.isEqualTo（HttpStatus.OK）
assertThat（entity.body）.contains（“foo”）
}
}

完全错误：

I/O error on GET request for "http://localhost:8080/": Connection refused: connect; nested exception is java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect
org.springframework.web.client.ResourceAccessException: I/O error on GET request for "http://localhost:8080/": Connection refused: connect; nested exception is java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect
    at org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate.doExecute(RestTemplate.java:748)
    at org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate.execute(RestTemplate.java:674)
    at org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate.getForEntity(RestTemplate.java:342)
    at org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate.getForEntity(TestRestTemplate.java:233)
    at com.supaham.learn.spring.IntegrationTests.Assert blog page title, content and status code(IntegrationTests.kt:22)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
    at org.junit.platform.commons.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(ReflectionUtils.java:675)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.MethodInvocation.proceed(MethodInvocation.java:60)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain$ValidatingInvocation.proceed(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:125)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.intercept(TimeoutExtension.java:132)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.interceptTestableMethod(TimeoutExtension.java:124)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.interceptTestMethod(TimeoutExtension.java:74)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker$ReflectiveInterceptorCall.lambda$ofVoidMethod$0(ExecutableInvoker.java:115)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.lambda$invoke$0(ExecutableInvoker.java:105)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain$InterceptedInvocation.proceed(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:104)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.proceed(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:62)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.chainAndInvoke(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:43)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.invoke(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:35)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.invoke(ExecutableInvoker.java:104)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.invoke(ExecutableInvoker.java:98)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestMethod$6(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:202)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.invokeTestMethod(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:198)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:135)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:69)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:135)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80)
    at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1507)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:38)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:139)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80)
    at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1507)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:38)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:139)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:32)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:51)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:220)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.lambda$execute$6(DefaultLauncher.java:188)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.withInterceptedStreams(DefaultLauncher.java:202)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:181)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:128)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor$CollectAllTestClassesExecutor.processAllTestClasses(JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.java:99)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor$CollectAllTestClassesExecutor.access$000(JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.java:79)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.stop(JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.java:75)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.stop(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:61)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
    at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:36)
    at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24)
    at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ContextClassLoaderDispatch.dispatch(ContextClassLoaderDispatch.java:33)
    at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ProxyDispatchAdapter$DispatchingInvocationHandler.invoke(ProxyDispatchAdapter.java:94)
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy2.stop(Unknown Source)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.stop(TestWorker.java:132)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
    at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:36)
    at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24)
    at org.gradle.internal.remote.internal.hub.MessageHubBackedObjectConnection$DispatchWrapper.dispatch(MessageHubBackedObjectConnection.java:182)
    at org.gradle.internal.remote.internal.hub.MessageHubBackedObjectConnection$DispatchWrapper.dispatch(MessageHubBackedObjectConnection.java:164)
    at org.gradle.internal.remote.internal.hub.MessageHub$Handler.run(MessageHub.java:412)
    at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ExecutorPolicy$CatchAndRecordFailures.onExecute(ExecutorPolicy.java:64)
    at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ManagedExecutorImpl$1.run(ManagedExecutorImpl.java:48)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1128)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:628)
    at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ThreadFactoryImpl$ManagedThreadRunnable.run(ThreadFactoryImpl.java:56)
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:830)
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect
    at java.base/sun.nio.ch.Net.connect0(Native Method)
    at java.base/sun.nio.ch.Net.connect(Net.java:493)
    at java.base/sun.nio.ch.Net.connect(Net.java:482)
    at java.base/sun.nio.ch.NioSocketImpl.connect(NioSocketImpl.java:588)
    at java.base/java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:603)
    at java.base/java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:552)
    at java.base/sun.net.NetworkClient.doConnect(NetworkClient.java:182)
    at java.base/sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.openServer(HttpClient.java:474)
    at java.base/sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.openServer(HttpClient.java:569)
    at java.base/sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.<init>(HttpClient.java:242)
    at java.base/sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.New(HttpClient.java:341)
    at java.base/sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.New(HttpClient.java:362)
    at java.base/sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getNewHttpClient(HttpURLConnection.java:1248)
    at java.base/sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.plainConnect0(HttpURLConnection.java:1187)
    at java.base/sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.plainConnect(HttpURLConnection.java:1081)
    at java.base/sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.connect(HttpURLConnection.java:1015)
    at org.springframework.http.client.SimpleBufferingClientHttpRequest.executeInternal(SimpleBufferingClientHttpRequest.java:76)
    at org.springframework.http.client.AbstractBufferingClientHttpRequest.executeInternal(AbstractBufferingClientHttpRequest.java:48)
    at org.springframework.http.client.AbstractClientHttpRequest.execute(AbstractClientHttpRequest.java:53)
    at org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate.doExecute(RestTemplate.java:739)
    ... 92 more

获取请求时的

I/O错误“http://localhost:8080/“：连接被拒绝：连接；嵌套异常为java.net.ConnectException:拒绝连接：连接
org.springframework.web.client.ResourceAccessException:GET请求时发生I/O错误“http://localhost:8080/“：连接被拒绝：连接；嵌套异常为java.net.ConnectException:拒绝连接：连接
位于org.springframework.web.client.restemplate.doExecute（restemplate.java:748）
位于org.springframework.web.client.restemplate.execute（restemplate.java:674）
位于org.springframework.web.client.restemplate.getForEntity（restemplate.java:342）
位于org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate.getForEntity（TestRestTemplate.java:233）
在com.supaham.learn.spring.IntegrationTests.Assert博客页面标题、内容和状态代码（IntegrationTests.kt:22）
位于java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0（本机方法）
位于java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke（NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62）
位于java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke（DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43）
位于java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke（Method.java:567）
位于org.junit.platform.commons.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod（ReflectionUtils.java:675）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.MethodInvocation.procedure（MethodInvocation.java:60）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain$ValidatingInvocation.Procedue（InvocationInterceptorChain.java:125）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.intercept（TimeoutExtension.java:132）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.interceptTestableMethod（TimeoutExtension.java:124）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.interceptTestMethod（TimeoutExtension.java:74）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker$ReflectiveInterceptorCall.lambda$ofVoidMethod$0（ExecutableInvoker.java:115）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.lambda$invoke$0（ExecutableInvoker.java:105）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain$InterceptedInvocation.Procedue（InvocationInterceptorChain.java:104）
在org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.procedure（InvocationInterceptorChain.java:62）上
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.chainAndInvoke（InvocationInterceptorChain.java:43）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.invoke（InvocationInterceptorChain.java:35）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.invoke（ExecutableInvoker.java:104）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.invoke（ExecutableInvoker.java:98）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestMethod$6（TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:202）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.ThrowableCollector.execute（ThrowableCollector.java:73）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.invokeTestMethod（TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:198）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute（TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:135）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute（TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:69）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.NodeTestTask.lambda$ExecuteCursive$5（NodeTestTask.java:135）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.ThrowableCollector.execute（ThrowableCollector.java:73）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.NodeTestTask.lambda$executecurively$7（NodeTestTask.java:125）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.Node.around（Node.java:135）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.NodeTestTask.lambda$ExecuteCursive$8（NodeTestTask.java:123）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.ThrowableCollector.execute（ThrowableCollector.java:73）
在org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.NodeTestTask.ExecuteCursive上（NodeTestTask.java:122）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.NodeTestTask.execute（NodeTestTask.java:80）
位于java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach（ArrayList.java:1507）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.samethreadherarchycalTestExecutorService.invokeAll（samethreadherarchycalTestExecutorService.java:38）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.NodeTestTask.lambda$ExecuteCursive$5（NodeTestTask.java:139）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.ThrowableCollector.execute（ThrowableCollector.java:73）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.NodeTestTask.lambda$executecurively$7（NodeTestTask.java:125）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.Node.around（Node.java:135）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.NodeTestTask.lambda$ExecuteCursive$8（NodeTestTask.java:123）
在org.junit.platform上
dependencies {
    implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa")
    implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web") {
        exclude(module = "spring-boot-starter-tomcat")
    }
    // ...
}

dependencies {
    implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa")
    implementation("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web")
    // ...
}