Java如何:正确的GUI编码?
这是一个很长的类,bellow是我的“主要”类,它包含了我的大部分UI逻辑和它的所有监听器等。不管怎样,你可以看到我在一个类中插入了很多代码,整个类看起来不可读,但它确实工作Java如何:正确的GUI编码?,java,swing,Java,Swing,这是一个很长的类,bellow是我的“主要”类,它包含了我的大部分UI逻辑和它的所有监听器等。不管怎样,你可以看到我在一个类中插入了很多代码,整个类看起来不可读,但它确实工作 我用Netbeans GUI编辑器创建了GUI的最终外观 Nebeans生成的源代码为您提供了私有变量,允许您 与添加到表单中的所有组件交互 我在记事本中打开了Java类,删除了所有阻止我在Netbeans中编辑生成代码的注释。现在,我可以根据自己的喜好编辑整个类 我在一个单独的包中有一个单独的GUI类,我在我的initU
package ept.controller;
import ept.view.EPTMain;
import ept.model.EPTEvent_Model;
import ept.model.EPTLocal_Model;
import ept.model.EPTModule_Model;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.MouseInfo;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import javax.swing.DefaultListModel;
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JList;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JProgressBar;
public class EPTIndex_Controler {
public EPTIndex_Controler() {
initUI();
}
//Globals
protected String selectedTower = null;
protected Integer selectedModules = 0;
public void setSelectedTower(String tower){
this.selectedTower = tower;
}
public String getSelectedTower(){
return this.selectedTower;
}
public void setSelectedModules(Integer i){
this.selectedModules += i;
}
public void decrementSelectedModule(Integer i){
this.selectedModules -= 1;
}
public Integer getSelectedModules(){
return this.selectedModules;
}
private void initUI(){
EPTMain runnable = new EPTMain();
JLabel towerName = runnable.tower_name;
JComboBox towerSelect = runnable.tower_selection;
JLabel shield_ = runnable.shield_amount;
JLabel armor_ = runnable.armor_amount;
JLabel em_ = runnable.em_amount;
JLabel th_ = runnable.th_amount;
JLabel kn_ = runnable.kn_amount;
JLabel ex_ = runnable.ex_amount;
JProgressBar cpu_bar = runnable.cpu_bar;
JProgressBar cap_bar = runnable.capacitor_bar;
JList mod_browse = runnable.module_browser;
JList mod_select = runnable.selected_modules;
Font decode = new Font("monospaced", Font.PLAIN, 12);
mod_select.setFont(decode);
//mod_browse.setFont(decode);
setTowerName(towerName, towerSelect, shield_, armor_, em_, th_, kn_, ex_, cap_bar, cpu_bar);
removeTower(towerName, shield_, armor_, em_, th_, kn_, ex_, cap_bar, cpu_bar);
addModule(mod_browse, mod_select, shield_, armor_, em_, th_, kn_, ex_, cap_bar, cpu_bar);
removeModule(mod_select, shield_, armor_, em_, th_, kn_, ex_, cap_bar, cpu_bar);
runnable.setExtendedState(EPTMain.MAXIMIZED_BOTH);
runnable.setVisible(true);
}
protected DefaultListModel struct = new DefaultListModel();
private void removeModule(final JList select, final JLabel shield_, final JLabel armor_, final JLabel em_, final JLabel th_,
final JLabel kn_, final JLabel ex_, final JProgressBar cap_bar, final JProgressBar cpu_bar){
select.addMouseListener(new MouseListener(){
@Override
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
String removable = select.getSelectedValue().toString();
if(e.getClickCount() == 2 && removable.equals("No modules have been selected") == false){
String cap = select.getSelectedValue().toString().substring(61, 70).trim();
String cpu = select.getSelectedValue().toString().substring(75).trim();
Integer D_CAP = Integer.valueOf(cap).intValue();
Integer D_CPU = Integer.valueOf(cpu).intValue();
decConsumedCap(D_CAP);
decConsumedCpu(D_CPU);
struct.removeElement(select.getSelectedValue());
incrementVariables(shield_, armor_, em_, th_, kn_, ex_, cap_bar, cpu_bar);
select.setModel(struct);
decrementSelectedModule(1);
}
}
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {}
@Override
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {}
@Override
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {}
@Override
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {}
});
}
private void addModule(final JList browse, final JList select, final JLabel shield_, final JLabel armor_, final JLabel em_, final JLabel th_,
final JLabel kn_, final JLabel ex_, final JProgressBar cap_bar, final JProgressBar cpu_bar){
browse.addMouseListener(new MouseListener(){
@Override
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
String addable = browse.getSelectedValue().toString();
if(e.getClickCount() == 2 && getSelectedTower() != null && addable.charAt(0) == ' '){
String data[] = new EPTModule_Model().moduleData(addable.trim());
String module = data[0];
Integer capacitor = Integer.valueOf(data[1]).intValue(); setConsumedCap(capacitor);
Integer cpu = Integer.valueOf(data[2]).intValue(); setConsumedCpu(cpu);
String module_cap = data[1];
String module_cpu = data[2];
if(getConsumedCap()+capacitor > getCap() || getConsumedCpu()+cpu > getCpu()){
new EPTEvent_Model().eventNoCapOrCpu();
} else {
struct.addElement(String.format("> %-47s Capacitor: %-8s CPU: %s", module, module_cap, module_cpu));
select.setModel(struct);
setSelectedModules(1);
incrementVariables(shield_, armor_, em_, th_, kn_, ex_, cap_bar, cpu_bar);
}
} else if (e.getClickCount() == 2 && getSelectedTower() == null){
new EPTEvent_Model().eventNoTowerSelected();
}
}
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {}
@Override
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {}
@Override
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {}
@Override
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {}
});
}
private void removeTower(final JLabel type, final JLabel shield_, final JLabel armor_, final JLabel em_, final JLabel th_,
final JLabel kn_, final JLabel ex_, final JProgressBar cap_bar, final JProgressBar cpu_bar){
type.addMouseListener(new MouseListener(){
@Override
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
if(getSelectedModules() == 0){
type.setText("No Control Tower Selected");
setSelectedTower(null);
resetVariables(shield_, armor_, em_, th_, kn_, ex_, cap_bar, cpu_bar);
} else {
new EPTEvent_Model().eventModuleSelected();
}
}
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {}
@Override
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {}
@Override
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {}
@Override
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {}
});
}
private void setTowerName(final JLabel type, final JComboBox type2, final JLabel shield_, final JLabel armor_, final JLabel em_, final JLabel th_,
final JLabel kn_, final JLabel ex_, final JProgressBar cap_bar, final JProgressBar cpu_bar){
type2.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if(getSelectedTower() != null){
new EPTEvent_Model().eventTowerSelected();
} else {
setSelectedTower(type2.getSelectedItem().toString());
new EPTDispatch_Controler(type, type2.getSelectedItem().toString());
updateVariables(shield_, armor_, em_, th_, kn_, ex_, cap_bar, cpu_bar);
}
}
});
}
//Referenced Globals
protected int cap = 0;
protected int consumed_cap = 0;
protected int cpu = 0;
protected int consumed_cpu = 0;
public void setCap(int cap){
this.cap = cap;
}
public int getCap(){
return this.cap;
}
public void setCpu(int cpu){
this.cpu = cpu;
}
public int getCpu(){
return this.cpu;
}
public void resetConsumed(){
this.consumed_cap = 0;
this.consumed_cpu = 0;
}
public void setConsumedCap(int consumed_cap){
this.consumed_cap += consumed_cap;
}
public void decConsumedCap(int consumed_cap){
this.consumed_cap -= consumed_cap;
}
public int getConsumedCap(){
return this.consumed_cap;
}
public void setConsumedCpu(int consumed_cpu){
this.consumed_cpu += consumed_cpu;
}
public void decConsumedCpu(int consumed_cpu){
this.consumed_cpu -= consumed_cpu;
}
public int getConsumedCpu(){
return this.consumed_cpu;
}
//Referenced Globals
protected int shield = 0;
protected int armor = 0;
protected double em = 00.00;
protected double th = 00.00;
protected double kn = 00.00;
protected double ex = 00.00;
public void setEm(double em){
this.em = em;
}
public double getEm(){
return this.em;
}
public void setTh(double th){
this.th = th;
}
public double getTh(){
return this.th;
}
public void setKn(double kn){
this.kn = kn;
}
public double getKn(){
return this.kn;
}
public void setEx(double ex){
this.ex = ex;
}
public double getEx(){
return this.ex;
}
public void setShield(int shield){
this.shield = shield;
}
public int getShield(){
return this.shield;
}
public void setArmor(int armor){
this.armor = armor;
}
public int getArmor(){
return this.armor;
}
private void setCL(JProgressBar t, int i){
t.setValue(i);
}
private void incrementVariables(final JLabel shield_, final JLabel armor_, final JLabel em_, final JLabel th_,
final JLabel kn_, final JLabel ex_, final JProgressBar cap_bar, final JProgressBar cpu_bar){
cap_bar.setMaximum(getCap());
cap_bar.setValue(getConsumedCap());
cap_bar.setString(getConsumedCap() + " / " + getCap());
cap_bar.setStringPainted(true);
cpu_bar.setMaximum(getCpu());
cpu_bar.setString(getConsumedCpu() + " / " + getCpu());
cpu_bar.setStringPainted(true);
cap_bar.setValue(getConsumedCpu());
String shieldA = String.valueOf(getShield()).toString();
shield_.setText(shieldA);
String armorA = String.valueOf(getArmor()).toString();
armor_.setText(armorA);
double e = getEm();
String emT = String.valueOf(e);
em_.setText(emT);
double t = getTh();
String thT = String.valueOf(t);
th_.setText(thT);
double k = getKn();
String knT = String.valueOf(k);
kn_.setText(knT);
double x = getEx();
String exT = String.valueOf(x);
ex_.setText(exT);
}
private void updateVariables(final JLabel shield_, final JLabel armor_, final JLabel em_, final JLabel th_,
final JLabel kn_, final JLabel ex_, final JProgressBar cap_bar, final JProgressBar cpu_bar){
String data[] = new EPTLocal_Model().serializeData(getSelectedTower());
Integer capA = Integer.valueOf(data[1]).intValue();
setCap(capA);
cap_bar.setMaximum(getCap());
cap_bar.setString(getConsumedCap() + " / " + getCap());
cap_bar.setValue(getConsumedCap());
cap_bar.setStringPainted(true);
Integer cpuA = Integer.valueOf(data[2]).intValue();
setCpu(cpuA);
cpu_bar.setMaximum(getCpu());
cpu_bar.setString(getConsumedCpu() + " / " + getCpu());
cpu_bar.setValue(getConsumedCpu());
cpu_bar.setStringPainted(true);
Integer shieldAmount = Integer.valueOf(data[3]).intValue();
setShield(shieldAmount);
shield_.setText(data[3]);
Integer armorAmount = Integer.valueOf(data[4]).intValue();
setArmor(armorAmount);
armor_.setText(data[4]);
Double emT = Double.valueOf(data[5]).doubleValue();
setEm(emT);
em_.setText(data[5]);
Double thT = Double.valueOf(data[6]).doubleValue();
setTh(thT);
th_.setText(data[6]);
Double knT = Double.valueOf(data[7]).doubleValue();
setKn(knT);
kn_.setText(data[7]);
Double exT = Double.valueOf(data[8]).doubleValue();
setEx(exT);
ex_.setText(data[8]);
}
private void resetVariables(final JLabel shield_, final JLabel armor_, final JLabel em_, final JLabel th_,
final JLabel kn_, final JLabel ex_, final JProgressBar cap_bar, final JProgressBar cpu_bar){
resetConsumed();
setCap(0);
cap_bar.setMaximum(getCap());
cap_bar.setString(getConsumedCap() + " / " + getCap());
cap_bar.setStringPainted(true);
setCpu(0);
cpu_bar.setMaximum(getCpu());
cpu_bar.setString(getConsumedCpu() + " / " + getCpu());
cpu_bar.setStringPainted(true);
setShield(0);
shield_.setText("0");
setArmor(0);
armor_.setText("0");
setEm(00.00);
em_.setText("00.00");
setTh(00.00);
th_.setText("00.00");
setKn(00.00);
kn_.setText("00.00");
setEx(00.00);
ex_.setText("00.00");
}
}
是构建应用程序时的基础
实现这一点的常见设计模式是,这是GUI应用程序的标准设计方法。Swing是在此基础上构建的,它“强制”开发人员在设计时考虑到这种方法
因此,如果你想知道如何改进你的代码,你应该学习MVC设计模式(Google中有数千个例子),并重构你的代码来使用它
简言之,您将有3个逻辑上独立的模块,模型将封装您的数据/状态,视图将封装您的UI,控制器将成为应用程序的主要驱动程序
一旦您将代码重构成这种模式,您将看到代码是如何更加干净、可维护和易于扩展的
第一件事。。永远不要使用Netbeans GUI拖放组件。这很容易,但以后会导致很多问题。如果调整窗口大小,则所有组件的大小都不会正确调整,如果以后要动态添加组件,则会受到影响。而是使用一个好的布局管理器。jdk附带的那些很难使用,请尝试以下方法:
下一步,如果你要制作一个巨大的框架,最好将其拆分为多个面板。每个面板在一个单独的类中。这将允许您轻松地管理小型GUI集。不要在代码中乱扔匿名内部类。相反,让类实现一个侦听器,并在actionPerformed()方法中使用if块来处理您的操作。使您的代码有点可读性。否则,使用动作并传递它们
做所有长时间运行的事情,比如访问数据库或读/写另一个线程上的文件。否则您的GUI将冻结。使用摇摆工人-
这将在一定程度上迫使您以MVC的方式思考。在那之后,你要把你的类分开,这样M,V和C都是分开的
首先,“whit”!='有‘。第二,很不清楚你在问什么。如果您想要一种更优雅的方式用Java编写GUI,然后,不要使用GUI生成工具,因为它们总是会生成丑陋和臃肿的代码。生成的代码不是问题,代码凌乱,但一切都是应该的。它可以编辑,它提供了一些变量,让您可以引用外部类中的所有组件。我引用了我的直接2个问题。请原谅我的英语不好。你可以使用MVC,或者至少,将GUI代码与实际的应用程序逻辑隔离开来。我正试图将MVC模式应用到我的项目中,但这是一个地狱,因为没有资源解释如何对Java新手进行此操作。@kellax:有一些示例。例如。你可以在SOthanks这里搜索,我会查找它们,如果有什么不清楚的地方,会发布一个后续问题