Java SessionFactory在尝试对DAO类进行单元测试时未自动连接

我遇到了一个奇怪的情况，我定义的sessionFactory在作为web应用程序运行时自动连接到DAO类

然而，当我尝试对这个DAO类进行单元测试时，spring并没有将sessionFactory自动连接到DAO类并抛出下面的异常

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'activityDAO': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private org.hibernate.SessionFactory com.adwitiya.vdb.data.activity.ActivityDAO.sessionFactory; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [org.hibernate.SessionFactory] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:287)   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1106)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517)   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456)     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:294)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225)   at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:291)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:193)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:609)   at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:918)  at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:469)  at org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext.<init>(AnnotationConfigApplicationContext.java:84)     at com.adwitiya.vdb.data.activity.ActivityDAOTest.testConstructor(ActivityDAOTest.java:31)  at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)  at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601)     at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)     at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)  at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)   at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263)    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68)    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)  at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)  at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)  at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4TestSet.execute(JUnit4TestSet.java:53)    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.executeTestSet(JUnit4Provider.java:123)  at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.invoke(JUnit4Provider.java:104)  at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)  at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601)     at org.apache.maven.surefire.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethodWithArray(ReflectionUtils.java:164)   at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory$ProviderProxy.invoke(ProviderFactory.java:110)  at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireStarter.invokeProvider(SurefireStarter.java:175)    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireStarter.runSuitesInProcessWhenForked(SurefireStarter.java:107)  at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:68) Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private org.hibernate.SessionFactory com.adwitiya.vdb.data.activity.ActivityDAO.sessionFactory; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [org.hibernate.SessionFactory] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}   at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:506)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)     at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:284)   ... 41 more Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [org.hibernate.SessionFactory] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:952)     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:821)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:735)  at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:478)    ... 43 more

最后是ActivityDAOTest类

ActivityDAO
-----------
package com.adwitiya.vdb.data.activity;

import com.adwitiya.vdb.domain.Activity;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository("activityDAO")
public class ActivityDAO
{
    @Autowired
    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    private Session session;
    private boolean status;
    private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(ActivityDAO.class);

    public ActivityDAO()
    {
    try
    {
        session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
    }catch(Exception exception)
    {
        logger.error(("Unable to initiate session because of the problem " + exception.getMessage()));
    }
    }

    public boolean add(Activity activity)
    {
    try
    {
        logger.info("Trying to add an activity " + activity.toString());
        session.save(activity);
        status = true;
        logger.info("Added the activity " + activity.toString() + " successfully");
    }catch(HibernateException exception)
    {
        logger.error("Couldn't add an activity " + activity.toString() + " because of the problem " + exception.getMessage());
    }catch(Exception exception)
    {
        logger.error("Couldn't add an activity " + activity.toString() + " because of the problem " + exception.getMessage());
    }
    return status;
    }

    public boolean modify(Activity activity)
    {
    try
    {
        logger.info("Trying to modify the activity " + activity.toString());
        session.saveOrUpdate(activity);
        status = true;
        logger.info("Updated the activity " + activity.toString() + "successfully");
    }catch(HibernateException exception)
    {
        logger.error("Couldn't modify the activity " + activity.toString() + " because of the problem " + exception.getMessage());
    }catch(Exception exception)
    {
        logger.error("Couldn't modify the activity " + activity.toString() + " because of the problem " + exception.getMessage());
    }
    return status;
    }

    public boolean delete(Activity activity)
    {
    try
    {
        logger.info("Trying to delete the activity " + activity.toString());
        session.delete(activity);
        status=true;
        logger.info("Deleted the activity " + activity.toString() + " successfully");
    }catch(HibernateException exception)
    {
        logger.error("Couldn't delete the activity " + activity.toString() + " because of the problem " + exception.getMessage());
    }catch(Exception exception)
    {
        logger.error("Couldn't delete the activity " + activity.toString() + " because of the problem " + exception.getMessage());
    }
    return status;
    }

    public SessionFactory getSessionFactory()
    {
    return sessionFactory;
    }

    public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory)
    {
    this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
    }

    public Session getSession()
    {
    return session;
    }

    public void setSession(Session session)
    {
    this.session = session;
    }

    public boolean isStatus()
    {
    return status;
    }

    public void setStatus(boolean status)
    {
    this.status = status;
    }
}

ActivityDAOTest
---------------

package com.adwitiya.vdb.data.activity;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;

@ContextConfiguration( locations = { "classpath:vdb-servlet.xml", "classpath:vdb-data.xml"})
public class ActivityDAOTest
{
    public ActivityDAOTest()
    {
    }

    @Test
    public void testConstructor()
    {
    Session thisSession = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory().openSession();
    ApplicationContext appcontext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext("com.adwitiya.vdb");
    ActivityDAO activityDAO = (ActivityDAO) appcontext.getBean("ActivityDAO");
    Session session = activityDAO.getSession();
    assertEquals(thisSession,session);
    }
}

---

您需要配置JUnit，以便使用注释支持Spring注入：

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

然后，您可以自动连接DAO以进行以下测试：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration( locations = { "classpath:vdb-servlet.xml", "classpath:vdb-data.xml"})
public class ActivityDAOTest
{
    @Autowired
    private ActivityDAO activityDAO;

    @Test
    public void testConstructor(){
        activityDAO.methodTotest();
    }
}

---

我想说的是，您所做的是集成测试，而不是单元测试。当我们对SpringBean进行单元测试时，我们会对它们进行隔离测试，即不使用容器，并手动提供依赖项。好的。那么，你能告诉我应该如何进行吗？与其在集成测试中手动创建AnnotationConfigApplicationContext，不如像Benoit建议的那样使用SpringTestContext框架。另外，我们不知道这个会话应该做什么，但是tbh，这并不重要，因为使用

@RunWith（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class）

显然是一种选择。好的，谢谢。我会翻阅一些资料，试着找到一种方法。谢谢你，伙计……这似乎很有帮助……但又会出现一些错误：）会试图一次解决一件事。。

ActivityDAOTest
---------------

package com.adwitiya.vdb.data.activity;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;

@ContextConfiguration( locations = { "classpath:vdb-servlet.xml", "classpath:vdb-data.xml"})
public class ActivityDAOTest
{
    public ActivityDAOTest()
    {
    }

    @Test
    public void testConstructor()
    {
    Session thisSession = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory().openSession();
    ApplicationContext appcontext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext("com.adwitiya.vdb");
    ActivityDAO activityDAO = (ActivityDAO) appcontext.getBean("ActivityDAO");
    Session session = activityDAO.getSession();
    assertEquals(thisSession,session);
    }
}

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration( locations = { "classpath:vdb-servlet.xml", "classpath:vdb-data.xml"})
public class ActivityDAOTest
{
    @Autowired
    private ActivityDAO activityDAO;

    @Test
    public void testConstructor(){
        activityDAO.methodTotest();
    }
}