Java Spring Boot嵌入式Tomcat服务器未在intellij idea中启动

在使用spring初始值设定项运行新创建的spring启动应用程序时，我遇到了一个问题。 嵌入式tomcat无法启动，错误如下

org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException:未能 启动bean'webServerStartStop'；嵌套异常是 org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServerException:无法 启动嵌入式Tomcat服务器

下面是运行应用程序时的完整异常堆栈跟踪消息

SnapShooter listening on port 57894

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::                (v2.4.4)

2021-04-25 11:48:44.048  INFO 2372 --- [           main] e.T.TransactionManagementBootApplication : Starting TransactionManagementBootApplication using Java 1.8.0_212 on DESKTOP-8UK0JH5 with PID 2372 (D:\core-java-practice-programs\Gradle_Practice\TransactionManagementBoot\target\classes started by dell in D:\core-java-practice-programs\Gradle_Practice)
2021-04-25 11:48:44.051  INFO 2372 --- [           main] e.T.TransactionManagementBootApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2021-04-25 11:48:44.866  INFO 2372 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Bootstrapping Spring Data JPA repositories in DEFAULT mode.
2021-04-25 11:48:44.880  INFO 2372 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 5 ms. Found 0 JPA repository interfaces.
2021-04-25 11:48:45.827  INFO 2372 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8085 (http)
2021-04-25 11:48:45.837  INFO 2372 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2021-04-25 11:48:45.837  INFO 2372 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.44]
2021-04-25 11:48:45.980  INFO 2372 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2021-04-25 11:48:45.980  INFO 2372 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1865 ms
2021-04-25 11:48:46.028  INFO 2372 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Starting...
2021-04-25 11:48:46.195  INFO 2372 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Start completed.
2021-04-25 11:48:46.202  INFO 2372 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration    : H2 console available at '/h2-console'. Database available at 'jdbc:h2:mem:ashok'
2021-04-25 11:48:46.448  INFO 2372 --- [           main] o.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper  : HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [name: default]
2021-04-25 11:48:46.502  INFO 2372 --- [           main] org.hibernate.Version                    : HHH000412: Hibernate ORM core version 5.4.29.Final
2021-04-25 11:48:46.616  INFO 2372 --- [           main] o.hibernate.annotations.common.Version   : HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {5.1.2.Final}
2021-04-25 11:48:46.722  INFO 2372 --- [           main] org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect            : HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
2021-04-25 11:48:47.222  INFO 2372 --- [           main] o.h.e.t.j.p.i.JtaPlatformInitiator       : HHH000490: Using JtaPlatform implementation: [org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.NoJtaPlatform]
2021-04-25 11:48:47.231  INFO 2372 --- [           main] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Initialized JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2021-04-25 11:48:47.279  WARN 2372 --- [           main] JpaBaseConfiguration$JpaWebConfiguration : spring.jpa.open-in-view is enabled by default. Therefore, database queries may be performed during view rendering. Explicitly configure spring.jpa.open-in-view to disable this warning
2021-04-25 11:48:47.414  INFO 2372 --- [           main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2021-04-25 11:48:47.660  INFO 2372 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Marking servlet [jsp] as unavailable
2021-04-25 11:48:47.662  WARN 2372 --- [           main] ConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext : Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException: Failed to start bean 'webServerStartStop'; nested exception is org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServerException: Unable to start embedded Tomcat server
2021-04-25 11:48:47.664  INFO 2372 --- [           main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Shutting down ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2021-04-25 11:48:47.664  INFO 2372 --- [           main] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2021-04-25 11:48:47.664  INFO 2372 --- [           main] .SchemaDropperImpl$DelayedDropActionImpl : HHH000477: Starting delayed evictData of schema as part of SessionFactory shut-down'
2021-04-25 11:48:47.670  INFO 2372 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Shutdown initiated...
2021-04-25 11:48:47.671  INFO 2372 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Shutdown completed.
2021-04-25 11:48:48.013  INFO 2372 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Stopping service [Tomcat]
2021-04-25 11:48:48.041  INFO 2372 --- [           main] ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener : 

Error starting ApplicationContext. To display the conditions report re-run your application with 'debug' enabled.
2021-04-25 11:48:48.056 ERROR 2372 --- [           main] o.s.boot.SpringApplication               : Application run failed

org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException: Failed to start bean 'webServerStartStop'; nested exception is org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServerException: Unable to start embedded Tomcat server
    at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.doStart(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:181) ~[spring-context-5.3.5.jar:5.3.5]
    at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.access$200(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:54) ~[spring-context-5.3.5.jar:5.3.5]
    at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor$LifecycleGroup.start(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:356) ~[spring-context-5.3.5.jar:5.3.5]
    at java.lang.Iterable.forEach(Iterable.java:75) ~[na:1.8.0_212]
    at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.startBeans(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:155) ~[spring-context-5.3.5.jar:5.3.5]
    at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.onRefresh(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:123) ~[spring-context-5.3.5.jar:5.3.5]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishRefresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:935) ~[spring-context-5.3.5.jar:5.3.5]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:586) ~[spring-context-5.3.5.jar:5.3.5]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:144) ~[spring-boot-2.4.4.jar:2.4.4]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:769) [spring-boot-2.4.4.jar:2.4.4]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:761) [spring-boot-2.4.4.jar:2.4.4]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:426) [spring-boot-2.4.4.jar:2.4.4]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:326) [spring-boot-2.4.4.jar:2.4.4]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1313) [spring-boot-2.4.4.jar:2.4.4]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1302) [spring-boot-2.4.4.jar:2.4.4]
    at com.example.TransactionManagementBoot.TransactionManagementBootApplication.main(TransactionManagementBootApplication.java:10) [classes/:na]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_212]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_212]
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_212]
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_212]
    at com.intellij.uiDesigner.snapShooter.SnapShooter.main(SnapShooter.java:58) [uiDesigner.jar:na]
Caused by: org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServerException: Unable to start embedded Tomcat server
    at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.start(TomcatWebServer.java:229) ~[spring-boot-2.4.4.jar:2.4.4]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.WebServerStartStopLifecycle.start(WebServerStartStopLifecycle.java:43) ~[spring-boot-2.4.4.jar:2.4.4]
    at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.doStart(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:178) ~[spring-context-5.3.5.jar:5.3.5]
    ... 20 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServerException: Servlet [jsp] in web application [] threw load() exception
    at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedContext.load(TomcatEmbeddedContext.java:87) ~[spring-boot-2.4.4.jar:2.4.4]
    at java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp$OfRef.accept(ForEachOps.java:184) ~[na:1.8.0_212]
    at java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1382) ~[na:1.8.0_212]
    at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$Head.forEach(ReferencePipeline.java:580) ~[na:1.8.0_212]
    at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$7$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:270) ~[na:1.8.0_212]
    at java.util.TreeMap$ValueSpliterator.forEachRemaining(TreeMap.java:2897) ~[na:1.8.0_212]
    at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:481) ~[na:1.8.0_212]
    at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:471) ~[na:1.8.0_212]
    at java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp.evaluateSequential(ForEachOps.java:151) ~[na:1.8.0_212]
    at java.util.stream.ForEachOps$ForEachOp$OfRef.evaluateSequential(ForEachOps.java:174) ~[na:1.8.0_212]
    at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234) ~[na:1.8.0_212]
    at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.forEach(ReferencePipeline.java:418) ~[na:1.8.0_212]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedContext.lambda$deferredLoadOnStartup$0(TomcatEmbeddedContext.java:65) ~[spring-boot-2.4.4.jar:2.4.4]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedContext.doWithThreadContextClassLoader(TomcatEmbeddedContext.java:106) ~[spring-boot-2.4.4.jar:2.4.4]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedContext.deferredLoadOnStartup(TomcatEmbeddedContext.java:64) ~[spring-boot-2.4.4.jar:2.4.4]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.performDeferredLoadOnStartup(TomcatWebServer.java:305) ~[spring-boot-2.4.4.jar:2.4.4]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.start(TomcatWebServer.java:216) ~[spring-boot-2.4.4.jar:2.4.4]
    ... 22 common frames omitted
Caused by: javax.servlet.ServletException: Class [org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet] is not a Servlet
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1047) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.44.jar:9.0.44]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:983) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.44.jar:9.0.44]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedContext.load(TomcatEmbeddedContext.java:82) ~[spring-boot-2.4.4.jar:2.4.4]
    ... 38 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException: org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet cannot be cast to javax.servlet.Servlet
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1042) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.44.jar:9.0.44]
    ... 40 common frames omitted


Process finished with exit code 1

我的Pom.xml文件如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.4</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>TransactionManagementBoot</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>TransactionManagementBoot</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-jasper</artifactId>
            <version>10.0.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jakarta.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jakarta.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0-M1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

4.0.0
org.springframework.boot

非常感谢您的帮助
Tomcat 10附带的JSP版本与嵌入式Tomcat 9不兼容：Tomcat 9是Servlet 4.0 Servlet容器，而Tomcat 10是Servlet 5.0 Servlet容器（参见）

因此，您应该使用与您的Tomcat版本兼容的Jasper版本。由于
springbootstarter父级
管理Tomcat依赖项的版本，只需删除
属性：


org.apache.tomcat
POM.
如果您想在spring boot中使用
嵌入式tomcat
，必须将依赖项库
tomcat jasper
更改为
tomcat embedded jasper

在
springbootstarterweb
中有
springbootstartertomcat
。你可以看到

在
spring boot starter tomcat
中有
tomcat嵌入式内核
可以使用
embedded tomcat
。你可以看到

embeddedjaspser
，其中包括与
tomcat嵌入核心的依赖关系。你可以看到

您使用的
tomcatjasper
是不必要的，因为它不包含依赖性
tomcatembeddedcore
。您可以看到。
如果您不需要，我会尝试删除这两个tomcat jasper，jakarta.servlet.jsp-api。我同意应该使用
tomcat embed jasper
而不是
tomcat jasper
：JAR是95%相似的，但是
tomcat embed jasper
依赖于
tomcat embed core
（已包含在
spring boot starter
）中），因此Maven项目不会产生无用的
tomcat catalina
和
tomcat util
依赖项。