Javascript 简单Solidity合约和脚本的操作码错误无效

我是Solidity和web3.js的新手。我在这里学习教程-

构建一个简单的投票Dapp。 我已经使用npm在本地node_modules文件夹中安装了ganache cli、solc和web3版本0.20.2。Solid中的Voting.sol合同为：

pragma solidity ^0.4.18;

contract Voting {

  mapping (bytes32 => uint8) public votesReceived;
  bytes32[] public candidateList;

  function Voting(bytes32[] candidateNames) public {
    candidateList = candidateNames;
  }

  function totalVotesFor(bytes32 candidate) view public returns (uint8) {
    return votesReceived[candidate];
  }
}

使用名为voting_main.js的以下脚本：

Web3 = require('web3')
web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider("http://localhost:8545"))

fs = require('fs')
code = fs.readFileSync('Voting.sol').toString()

solc = require('solc')
compiledCode = solc.compile(code)

abiDefinition = JSON.parse(compiledCode.contracts[':Voting'].interface)
VotingContract = web3.eth.contract(abiDefinition)
byteCode = compiledCode.contracts[':Voting'].bytecode
deployedContract = VotingContract.new(['Rama','Nick','Jose'],{data: byteCode, from: web3.eth.accounts[0], gas: 4700000})
contractInstance = VotingContract.at(deployedContract.address)

contractInstance.totalVotesFor.call('Rama')

当我在localhost:8545上运行ganache cli，然后在另一个终端上运行该脚本时，出现以下错误

ameya@ameya-HP-ENVY-15-Notebook-PC:~/Fresh_install$ node voting_main.js 
/home/ameya/Fresh_install/node_modules/solc/soljson.js:1
(function (exports, require, module, __filename, __dirname) { var Module;if(!Module)Module=(typeof Module!=="undefined"?Module:null)||{};var moduleOverrides={};for(var key in Module){if(Module.hasOwnProperty(key)){moduleOverrides[key]=Module[key]}}var ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB=typeof window==="object";var ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER=typeof importScripts==="function";var ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE=typeof process==="object"&&typeof require==="function"&&!ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB&&!ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER;var ENVIRONMENT_IS_SHELL=!ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB&&!ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE&&!ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER;if(ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE){if(!Module["print"])Module["print"]=function print(x){process["stdout"].write(x+"\n")};if(!Module["printErr"])Module["printErr"]=function printErr(x){process["stderr"].write(x+"\n")};var nodeFS=require("fs");var nodePath=require("path");Module["read"]=function read(filename,binary){filename=nodePath["normalize"](filename);var ret=nodeFS["readFileSync"](filename);if(!r

Error: VM Exception while processing transaction: invalid opcode
    at Object.InvalidResponse (/home/ameya/Fresh_install/node_modules/web3/lib/web3/errors.js:38:16)
    at RequestManager.send (/home/ameya/Fresh_install/node_modules/web3/lib/web3/requestmanager.js:61:22)
    at Eth.send [as call] (/home/ameya/Fresh_install/node_modules/web3/lib/web3/method.js:145:58)
    at SolidityFunction.call (/home/ameya/Fresh_install/node_modules/web3/lib/web3/function.js:135:32)
    at Object.<anonymous> (/home/ameya/Fresh_install/voting_main.js:16:32)
    at Module._compile (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:654:30)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:665:10)
    at Module.load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:566:32)
    at tryModuleLoad (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:506:12)
    at Function.Module._load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:498:3)

ameya@ameya-HP-ENVY-15-Notebook-PC:~/Fresh\u安装$node voting\u main.js
/home/ameya/Fresh_install/node_modules/solc/soljson.js:1
（函数（导出、要求、模块、文件名、目录名）{var module；if（！module）module=（typeof module！==“undefined”？module:null）{124;}；var moduleOverrides={}；for（模块中的var key）{if（module.hasOwnProperty（key））{moduleOverrides[key]}var环境是\u WEB=typeof window==“object”；var环境是\u WORKER=typeof importScripts===“函数”var ENVIRONMENT IS_NODE=typeof process==“object”&&typeof require==“function”&！ENVIRONMENT_是WEB&！ENVIRONMENT_是WORKER；var ENVIRONMENT_是SHELL=！ENVIRONMENT_是WEB&！ENVIRONMENT_是NODE&！ENVIRONMENT_是WORKER；if（ENVIRONMENT_是节点）{if（！Module[“print”]）Module Module[“print”]）Module[“print”]=函数print（x）{进程[“stdout”]。write（x+“\n”）；if（！Module}”printErr“]）模块[“printErr”]=函数printErr（x）{process[“stderr”].write（x+“\n”）}；var nodeFS=require（“fs”）；var nodePath=require（“path”）；模块[“read”]=函数读取（文件名，二进制）{filename=nodePath[“normalize”]（文件名）；var ret=nodeFS[“readFileSync”]（文件名）；if（！r
错误：处理事务时发生VM异常：操作码无效
在Object.InvalidResponse（/home/ameya/Fresh_install/node_modules/web3/lib/web3/errors.js:38:16）
在RequestManager.send（/home/ameya/Fresh_install/node_modules/web3/lib/web3/RequestManager.js:61:22）
在Eth.send[as call]（/home/ameya/Fresh_install/node_modules/web3/lib/web3/method.js:145:58）
在SolidityFunction.call（/home/ameya/Fresh_install/node_modules/web3/lib/web3/function.js:135:32）
在对象上。（/home/ameya/Fresh\u install/voting\u main.js:16:32）
at模块编译（内部/modules/cjs/loader.js:654:30）
at Object.Module._extensions..js（internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:665:10）
在Module.load（内部/modules/cjs/loader.js:566:32）
在tryModuleLoad（内部/modules/cjs/loader.js:506:12）
at Function.Module._load（内部/modules/cjs/loader.js:498:3）

---

这似乎是一个仍然抛出无效操作码错误的非常简单的例子。我错在哪里？

如果您使用

.new（）

，则不需要调用

.at（）

。当您想要与已部署到区块链的契约进行交互时，您可以使用

at（）

如果选择部署新协定，则应使用异步版本的方法调用（web3j 1.0不再支持同步）。您的调用应如下所示：

VotingContract.new(['Rama','Nick','Jose'],{data: byteCode, from: web3.eth.accounts[0], gas: 4700000}, (error, deployedContract) => {
    if (!error) {
        if (deployedContract.address) {
            console.log(deployedContract.totalVotesFor.call('Rama'));
        }
    }
});

请注意，回调被触发两次。第一次用于提交事务（

deployedContract.transactionHash

），第二次用于挖掘事务

您还可以查看中的示例（为方便起见粘贴在下面）

---

@亚当斯·基普尼斯我似乎也遇到了类似的问题

const fs = require("fs");
const solc = require('solc')

let source = fs.readFileSync('nameContract.sol', 'utf8');
let compiledContract = solc.compile(source, 1);
let abi = compiledContract.contracts['nameContract'].interface;
let bytecode = compiledContract.contracts['nameContract'].bytecode;
let gasEstimate = web3.eth.estimateGas({data: bytecode});
let MyContract = web3.eth.contract(JSON.parse(abi));

var myContractReturned = MyContract.new(param1, param2, {
   from:mySenderAddress,
   data:bytecode,
   gas:gasEstimate}, function(err, myContract){
    if(!err) {
       // NOTE: The callback will fire twice!
       // Once the contract has the transactionHash property set and once its deployed on an address.

       // e.g. check tx hash on the first call (transaction send)
       if(!myContract.address) {
           console.log(myContract.transactionHash) // The hash of the transaction, which deploys the contract

       // check address on the second call (contract deployed)
       } else {
           console.log(myContract.address) // the contract address
       }

       // Note that the returned "myContractReturned" === "myContract",
       // so the returned "myContractReturned" object will also get the address set.
    }
  });