Javascript 如何在没有jQuery的情况下进行AJAX调用?
如何在不使用jQuery的情况下使用JavaScript进行AJAX调用 使用“香草”JavaScript:Javascript 如何在没有jQuery的情况下进行AJAX调用?,javascript,ajax,Javascript,Ajax,如何在不使用jQuery的情况下使用JavaScript进行AJAX调用 使用“香草”JavaScript: xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) { alert(this.responseText); } }; xhttp.open("GET", "ajax_info.txt&qu
xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
alert(this.responseText);
}
};
xhttp.open("GET", "ajax_info.txt", true);
xhttp.send();
<script type="text/javascript">
function loadXMLDoc() {
var xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (xmlhttp.readyState == XMLHttpRequest.DONE) { // XMLHttpRequest.DONE == 4
if (xmlhttp.status == 200) {
document.getElementById("myDiv").innerHTML = xmlhttp.responseText;
}
else if (xmlhttp.status == 400) {
alert('There was an error 400');
}
else {
alert('something else other than 200 was returned');
}
}
};
xmlhttp.open("GET", "ajax_info.txt", true);
xmlhttp.send();
}
</script>
var xmlDoc=null;
函数加载(){
if(typeof window.ActiveXObject!=“未定义”){
xmlDoc=新的ActiveXObject(“Microsoft.XMLHTTP”);
xmlDoc.onreadystatechange=流程;
}
否则{
xmlDoc=新的XMLHttpRequest();
xmlDoc.onload=进程;
}
open(“GET”,“background.html”,true);
xmlDoc.send(空);
}
函数过程(){
如果(xmlDoc.readyState!=4)返回;
document.getElementById(“输出”).value=xmlDoc.responseText;
}
函数为空(){
document.getElementById(“输出”)。值=“”;
}
负载
清楚的
HTML:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script>
function loadXMLDoc()
{
var xmlhttp;
if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
{// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else
{// code for IE6, IE5
xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function()
{
if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200)
{
document.getElementById("myDiv").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;
}
}
xmlhttp.open("GET","1.php?id=99freebies.blogspot.com",true);
xmlhttp.send();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="myDiv"><h2>Let AJAX change this text</h2></div>
<button type="button" onclick="loadXMLDoc()">Change Content</button>
</body>
</html>
函数loadXMLDoc()
{
var-xmlhttp;
if(window.XMLHttpRequest)
{//IE7+、Firefox、Chrome、Opera、Safari的代码
xmlhttp=新的XMLHttpRequest();
}
其他的
{//IE6、IE5的代码
xmlhttp=新的ActiveXObject(“Microsoft.xmlhttp”);
}
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=函数()
{
if(xmlhttp.readyState==4&&xmlhttp.status==200)
{
document.getElementById(“myDiv”).innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;
}
}
open(“GET”,“1.php?id=99freebies.blogspot.com”,true);
xmlhttp.send();
}
让AJAX更改此文本
更改内容
PHP:
使用以下代码片段,您可以非常轻松地完成类似的操作,如:
ajax.get('/test.php', {foo: 'bar'}, function() {});
以下是片段:
var ajax = {};
ajax.x = function () {
if (typeof XMLHttpRequest !== 'undefined') {
return new XMLHttpRequest();
}
var versions = [
"MSXML2.XmlHttp.6.0",
"MSXML2.XmlHttp.5.0",
"MSXML2.XmlHttp.4.0",
"MSXML2.XmlHttp.3.0",
"MSXML2.XmlHttp.2.0",
"Microsoft.XmlHttp"
];
var xhr;
for (var i = 0; i < versions.length; i++) {
try {
xhr = new ActiveXObject(versions[i]);
break;
} catch (e) {
}
}
return xhr;
};
ajax.send = function (url, callback, method, data, async) {
if (async === undefined) {
async = true;
}
var x = ajax.x();
x.open(method, url, async);
x.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (x.readyState == 4) {
callback(x.responseText)
}
};
if (method == 'POST') {
x.setRequestHeader('Content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
}
x.send(data)
};
ajax.get = function (url, data, callback, async) {
var query = [];
for (var key in data) {
query.push(encodeURIComponent(key) + '=' + encodeURIComponent(data[key]));
}
ajax.send(url + (query.length ? '?' + query.join('&') : ''), callback, 'GET', null, async)
};
ajax.post = function (url, data, callback, async) {
var query = [];
for (var key in data) {
query.push(encodeURIComponent(key) + '=' + encodeURIComponent(data[key]));
}
ajax.send(url, callback, 'POST', query.join('&'), async)
};
var ajax={};
ajax.x=函数(){
if(XMLHttpRequest的类型!=“未定义”){
返回新的XMLHttpRequest();
}
变量版本=[
“MSXML2.XmlHttp.6.0”,
“MSXML2.XmlHttp.5.0”,
“MSXML2.XmlHttp.4.0”,
“MSXML2.XmlHttp.3.0”,
“MSXML2.XmlHttp.2.0”,
“Microsoft.XmlHttp”
];
var-xhr;
对于(变量i=0;i
您可以使用以下功能:
function callAjax(url, callback){
var xmlhttp;
// compatible with IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function(){
if (xmlhttp.readyState == 4 && xmlhttp.status == 200){
callback(xmlhttp.responseText);
}
}
xmlhttp.open("GET", url, true);
xmlhttp.send();
}
您可以通过以下链接在线尝试类似的解决方案:
function getXmlDoc() {
var xmlDoc;
if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
xmlDoc = new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else {
// code for IE6, IE5
xmlDoc = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
return xmlDoc;
}
使用正确的对象,可以将GET抽象为:
function myGet(url, callback) {
var xmlDoc = getXmlDoc();
xmlDoc.open('GET', url, true);
xmlDoc.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (xmlDoc.readyState === 4 && xmlDoc.status === 200) {
callback(xmlDoc);
}
}
xmlDoc.send();
}
以及发往:
function myPost(url, data, callback) {
var xmlDoc = getXmlDoc();
xmlDoc.open('POST', url, true);
xmlDoc.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
xmlDoc.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (xmlDoc.readyState === 4 && xmlDoc.status === 200) {
callback(xmlDoc);
}
}
xmlDoc.send(data);
}
这可能有助于:
function doAjax(url, callback) {
var xmlhttp = window.XMLHttpRequest ? new XMLHttpRequest() : new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (xmlhttp.readyState == 4 && xmlhttp.status == 200) {
callback(xmlhttp.responseText);
}
}
xmlhttp.open("GET", url, true);
xmlhttp.send();
}
下面几个例子的一个小组合,创建了这个简单的作品:
function ajax(url, method, data, async)
{
method = typeof method !== 'undefined' ? method : 'GET';
async = typeof async !== 'undefined' ? async : false;
if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
{
var xhReq = new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else
{
var xhReq = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
if (method == 'POST')
{
xhReq.open(method, url, async);
xhReq.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
xhReq.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest");
xhReq.send(data);
}
else
{
if(typeof data !== 'undefined' && data !== null)
{
url = url+'?'+data;
}
xhReq.open(method, url, async);
xhReq.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest");
xhReq.send(null);
}
//var serverResponse = xhReq.responseText;
//alert(serverResponse);
}
// Example usage below (using a string query):
ajax('http://www.google.com');
ajax('http://www.google.com', 'POST', 'q=test');
var parameters = {
q: 'test'
}
var query = [];
for (var key in parameters)
{
query.push(encodeURIComponent(key) + '=' + encodeURIComponent(parameters[key]));
}
ajax('http://www.google.com', 'POST', query.join('&'));
或者如果您的参数是对象-轻微的额外代码调整:
function ajax(url, method, data, async)
{
method = typeof method !== 'undefined' ? method : 'GET';
async = typeof async !== 'undefined' ? async : false;
if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
{
var xhReq = new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else
{
var xhReq = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
if (method == 'POST')
{
xhReq.open(method, url, async);
xhReq.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
xhReq.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest");
xhReq.send(data);
}
else
{
if(typeof data !== 'undefined' && data !== null)
{
url = url+'?'+data;
}
xhReq.open(method, url, async);
xhReq.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest");
xhReq.send(null);
}
//var serverResponse = xhReq.responseText;
//alert(serverResponse);
}
// Example usage below (using a string query):
ajax('http://www.google.com');
ajax('http://www.google.com', 'POST', 'q=test');
var parameters = {
q: 'test'
}
var query = [];
for (var key in parameters)
{
query.push(encodeURIComponent(key) + '=' + encodeURIComponent(parameters[key]));
}
ajax('http://www.google.com', 'POST', query.join('&'));
两者都应该完全兼容浏览器+版本。我正在寻找一种方法,用ajax包含承诺,并排除jQuery。有一篇关于ES6承诺的文章。(您可以使用promise库polyfill,如)您可以使用我从文章中复制的代码片段
function get(url) {
// Return a new promise.
return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
// Do the usual XHR stuff
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open('GET', url);
req.onload = function() {
// This is called even on 404 etc
// so check the status
if (req.status == 200) {
// Resolve the promise with the response text
resolve(req.response);
}
else {
// Otherwise reject with the status text
// which will hopefully be a meaningful error
reject(Error(req.statusText));
}
};
// Handle network errors
req.onerror = function() {
reject(Error("Network Error"));
};
// Make the request
req.send();
});
}
注意:我也写过。如果您不想包含JQuery,我会尝试一些轻量级AJAX库 我最喜欢的是西部。它只有3.4kb,而且构造非常完善: 以下是reqwest的示例GET请求:
reqwest({
url: url,
method: 'GET',
type: 'json',
success: onSuccess
});
现在,如果您想要更轻量级的东西,我会尝试0.4kb的microAjax:
以下是所有代码:
function microAjax(B,A){this.bindFunction=function(E,D){return function(){return E.apply(D,[D])}};this.stateChange=function(D){if(this.request.readyState==4){this.callbackFunction(this.request.responseText)}};this.getRequest=function(){if(window.ActiveXObject){return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")}else{if(window.XMLHttpRequest){return new XMLHttpRequest()}}return false};this.postBody=(arguments[2]||"");this.callbackFunction=A;this.url=B;this.request=this.getRequest();if(this.request){var C=this.request;C.onreadystatechange=this.bindFunction(this.stateChange,this);if(this.postBody!==""){C.open("POST",B,true);C.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With","XMLHttpRequest");C.setRequestHeader("Content-type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");C.setRequestHeader("Connection","close")}else{C.open("GET",B,true)}C.send(this.postBody)}};
下面是一个示例调用:
microAjax(url, onSuccess);
在浏览器中的纯JavaScript中:
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (xhr.readyState == XMLHttpRequest.DONE ) {
if(xhr.status == 200){
console.log(xhr.responseText);
} else if(xhr.status == 400) {
console.log('There was an error 400');
} else {
console.log('something else other than 200 was returned');
}
}
}
xhr.open("GET", "mock_data.json", true);
xhr.send();
或者,如果您想使用Browserify使用node.js捆绑模块。您可以使用:
这里有一个没有JQuery的JSF问题 这只是一个简单的4步过程 我希望有帮助
步骤1。
存储对XMLHttpRequest对象的引用
var xmlHttp = createXmlHttpRequestObject();
function createXmlHttpRequestObject() {
// will store the reference to the XMLHttpRequest object
var xmlHttp;
// if running Internet Explorer
if (window.ActiveXObject) {
try {
xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
} catch (e) {
xmlHttp = false;
}
}
// if running Mozilla or other browsers
else {
try {
xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
} catch (e) {
xmlHttp = false;
}
}
// return the created object or display an error message
if (!xmlHttp)
alert("Error creating the XMLHttpRequest object.");
else
return xmlHttp;
}
function process() {
// proceed only if the xmlHttp object isn't busy
if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4 || xmlHttp.readyState == 0) {
// retrieve the name typed by the user on the form
item = encodeURIComponent(document.getElementById("input_item").value);
// execute the your_file.php page from the server
xmlHttp.open("GET", "your_file.php?item=" + item, true);
// define the method to handle server responses
xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = handleServerResponse;
// make the server request
xmlHttp.send(null);
}
}
步骤2。
检索XMLHttpRequest对象
var xmlHttp = createXmlHttpRequestObject();
function createXmlHttpRequestObject() {
// will store the reference to the XMLHttpRequest object
var xmlHttp;
// if running Internet Explorer
if (window.ActiveXObject) {
try {
xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
} catch (e) {
xmlHttp = false;
}
}
// if running Mozilla or other browsers
else {
try {
xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
} catch (e) {
xmlHttp = false;
}
}
// return the created object or display an error message
if (!xmlHttp)
alert("Error creating the XMLHttpRequest object.");
else
return xmlHttp;
}
function process() {
// proceed only if the xmlHttp object isn't busy
if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4 || xmlHttp.readyState == 0) {
// retrieve the name typed by the user on the form
item = encodeURIComponent(document.getElementById("input_item").value);
// execute the your_file.php page from the server
xmlHttp.open("GET", "your_file.php?item=" + item, true);
// define the method to handle server responses
xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = handleServerResponse;
// make the server request
xmlHttp.send(null);
}
}
步骤3。
使用XMLHttpRequest对象发出异步HTTP请求
var xmlHttp = createXmlHttpRequestObject();
function createXmlHttpRequestObject() {
// will store the reference to the XMLHttpRequest object
var xmlHttp;
// if running Internet Explorer
if (window.ActiveXObject) {
try {
xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
} catch (e) {
xmlHttp = false;
}
}
// if running Mozilla or other browsers
else {
try {
xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
} catch (e) {
xmlHttp = false;
}
}
// return the created object or display an error message
if (!xmlHttp)
alert("Error creating the XMLHttpRequest object.");
else
return xmlHttp;
}
function process() {
// proceed only if the xmlHttp object isn't busy
if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4 || xmlHttp.readyState == 0) {
// retrieve the name typed by the user on the form
item = encodeURIComponent(document.getElementById("input_item").value);
// execute the your_file.php page from the server
xmlHttp.open("GET", "your_file.php?item=" + item, true);
// define the method to handle server responses
xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = handleServerResponse;
// make the server request
xmlHttp.send(null);
}
}
步骤4。
从服务器收到消息时自动执行
function handleServerResponse() {
// move forward only if the transaction has completed
if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4) {
// status of 200 indicates the transaction completed successfully
if (xmlHttp.status == 200) {
// extract the XML retrieved from the server
xmlResponse = xmlHttp.responseText;
document.getElementById("put_response").innerHTML = xmlResponse;
// restart sequence
}
// a HTTP status different than 200 signals an error
else {
alert("There was a problem accessing the server: " + xmlHttp.statusText);
}
}
}
我知道这是一个相当古老的问题,但现在在本机上有了更好的API。
fetch()
方法允许您进行web请求。
例如,要从/get data
请求一些json:
var opts = {
method: 'GET',
headers: {}
};
fetch('/get-data', opts).then(function (response) {
return response.json();
})
.then(function (body) {
//doSomething with body;
});
有关更多详细信息,请参阅。旧版,但我会尝试,也许有人会发现此信息很有用 这是执行
GET
请求并获取一些JSON
格式化数据所需的最小代码量。这仅适用于现代浏览器,如最新版本的Chrome、FF、Safari、Opera和Microsoft Edge
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('GET', 'https://example.com/data.json'); // by default async
xhr.responseType = 'json'; // in which format you expect the response to be
xhr.onload = function() {
if(this.status == 200) {// onload called even on 404 etc so check the status
console.log(this.response); // No need for JSON.parse()
}
};
xhr.onerror = function() {
// error
};
xhr.send();
还可以查看new,它是一款基于承诺的替代产品 ES6/ES2015普通版的这个版本怎么样
function get(url) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open('GET', url);
req.onload = () => req.status === 200 ? resolve(req.response) : reject(Error(req.statusText));
req.onerror = (e) => reject(Error(`Network Error: ${e}`));
req.send();
});
}
该函数返回一个值。下面是一个关于如何使用函数并处理它返回的承诺的示例:
get('foo.txt')
.then((data) => {
// Do stuff with data, if foo.txt was successfully loaded.
})
.catch((err) => {
// Do stuff on error...
});
如果需要加载json文件,可以使用它将加载的数据转换为JS对象
您还可以集成到
var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
request.open('POST', '/my/url', true);
request.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8');
request.send(JSON.stringify(data));
httpRequest = new XMLHttpRequest()
httpRequest.open('GET', 'http://www.example.org/some.file')
httpRequest.send()
httpRequest = new XMLHttpRequest()
httpRequest.open('POST', 'http://www.example.org/some/endpoint')
httpRequest.send('some data')
// Make a synchronous GET request
httpRequest.open('GET', 'http://www.example.org/some.file', false)
httpRequest.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
httpRequest.onreadystatechange = function(){
// Process the server response here.
if (httpRequest.readyState === XMLHttpRequest.DONE) {
if (httpRequest.status === 200) {
alert(httpRequest.responseText);
} else {
alert('There was a problem with the request.');
}
}
}
/*create an XMLHttpRequest object*/
let GethttpRequest=function(){
let httpRequest=false;
if(window.XMLHttpRequest){
httpRequest =new XMLHttpRequest();
if(httpRequest.overrideMimeType){
httpRequest.overrideMimeType('text/xml');
}
}else if(window.ActiveXObject){
try{httpRequest =new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");
}catch(e){
try{
httpRequest =new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}catch(e){}
}
}
if(!httpRequest){return 0;}
return httpRequest;
}
/*Defining a function to make the request every time when it is needed*/
function MakeRequest(){
let uriPost ="myURL";
let xhrPost =GethttpRequest();
let fdPost =new FormData();
let date =new Date();
/*data to be sent on server*/
let data = {
"name" :"name",
"lName" :"lName",
"phone" :"phone",
"key" :"key",
"password" :"date"
};
let JSONdata =JSON.stringify(data);
fdPost.append("data",JSONdata);
xhrPost.open("POST" ,uriPost, true);
xhrPost.timeout = 9000;/*the time you need to quit the request if it is not completed*/
xhrPost.onloadstart = function (){
/*do something*/
};
xhrPost.onload = function (){
/*do something*/
};
xhrPost.onloadend = function (){
/*do something*/
}
xhrPost.onprogress =function(){
/*do something*/
}
xhrPost.onreadystatechange =function(){
if(xhrPost.readyState < 4){
}else if(xhrPost.readyState === 4){
if(xhrPost.status === 200){
/*request succesfull*/
}else if(xhrPost.status !==200){
/*request failled*/
}
}
}
xhrPost.ontimeout = function (e){
/*you can stop the request*/
}
xhrPost.onerror = function (){
/*you can try again the request*/
};
xhrPost.onabort = function (){
/*you can try again the request*/
};
xhrPost.overrideMimeType("text/plain; charset=x-user-defined-binary");
xhrPost.setRequestHeader("Content-disposition", "form-data");
xhrPost.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With","xmlhttprequest");
xhrPost.send(fdPost);
}
/*PHP side
<?php
//check if the variable $_POST["data"] exists isset() && !empty()
$data =$_POST["data"];
$decodedData =json_decode($_POST["data"]);
//show a single item from the form
echo $decodedData->name;
?>
*/
/*Usage*/
MakeRequest();
const data = JSON.stringify({
example_1: 123,
example_2: 'Hello, world!',
});
const request = new XMLHttpRequest();
request.addEventListener('load', function () {
if (this.readyState === 4 && this.status === 200) {
console.log(this.responseText);
}
});
request.open('POST', 'example.php', true);
request.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8');
request.send(data);
const data = JSON.stringify({
example_1: 123,
example_2: 'Hello, world!',
});
fetch('example.php', {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
},
body: data,
}).then(response => {
if (response.ok) {
response.text().then(response => {
console.log(response);
});
}
});
const data = JSON.stringify({
example_1: 123,
example_2: 'Hello, world!',
});
navigator.sendBeacon('example.php', data);
fetch('http://example.com/movies.json').then(response => response.json()).then(data => console.log(data));