如何同步确定JavaScript承诺';什么州?
我有一个纯JavaScript承诺(内置实现或多边形填充):如何同步确定JavaScript承诺';什么州?,javascript,promise,es6-promise,Javascript,Promise,Es6 Promise,我有一个纯JavaScript承诺(内置实现或多边形填充): var promise=newpromise(函数(解析,拒绝){/*…*/}) 从中,承诺可以是以下内容之一: “已解决”和“已解决” “已解决”和“已拒绝” “待定” 我有一个用例,我希望同步询问承诺并确定: 承诺兑现了吗 如果是,承诺是否得到了解决 我知道我可以使用它来安排在Promise更改状态后异步执行的工作。我不是问如何做到这一点 这个问题特别是关于对承诺状态的同步询问。如何实现这一点?本机JavaScript承诺
var promise=newpromise(函数(解析,拒绝){/*…*/})代码>
从中,承诺可以是以下内容之一:
- “已解决”和“已解决”
- “已解决”和“已拒绝”
- “待定”
我有一个用例,我希望同步询问承诺并确定:
- 承诺兑现了吗
- 如果是,承诺是否得到了解决
我知道我可以使用它来安排在Promise更改状态后异步执行的工作。我不是问如何做到这一点
这个问题特别是关于对承诺状态的同步询问。如何实现这一点?本机JavaScript承诺不存在此类同步检查API。本机承诺不可能做到这一点。本规范未规定此类方法
Userland库可以做到这一点,如果您针对的是特定的引擎(如v8),并且可以访问平台代码(即,您可以在core中编写代码),那么您可以使用特定的工具(如专用符号)来实现这一点。这是非常具体的,但不是在用户区。没有针对本机JavaScript承诺的同步检查API。使用本机承诺是不可能做到这一点的。本规范未规定此类方法
Userland库可以做到这一点,如果您针对的是特定的引擎(如v8),并且可以访问平台代码(即,您可以在core中编写代码),那么您可以使用特定的工具(如专用符号)来实现这一点。这是非常具体的,但不是在userland中。你可以用这种方式包装你的承诺
function wrapPromise(promise) {
var value, error,
settled = false,
resolved = false,
rejected = false,
p = promise.then(function(v) {
value = v;
settled = true;
resolved = true;
return v;
}, function(err) {
error = err;
settled = true;
rejected = true;
throw err;
});
p.isSettled = function() {
return settled;
};
p.isResolved = function() {
return resolved;
};
p.isRejected = function() {
return rejected;
};
p.value = function() {
return value;
};
p.error = function() {
return error;
};
var pThen = p.then, pCatch = p.catch;
p.then = function(res, rej) {
return wrapPromise(pThen(res, rej));
};
p.catch = function(rej) {
return wrapPromise(pCatch(rej));
};
return p;
}
你可以这样包装你的承诺
function wrapPromise(promise) {
var value, error,
settled = false,
resolved = false,
rejected = false,
p = promise.then(function(v) {
value = v;
settled = true;
resolved = true;
return v;
}, function(err) {
error = err;
settled = true;
rejected = true;
throw err;
});
p.isSettled = function() {
return settled;
};
p.isResolved = function() {
return resolved;
};
p.isRejected = function() {
return rejected;
};
p.value = function() {
return value;
};
p.error = function() {
return error;
};
var pThen = p.then, pCatch = p.catch;
p.then = function(res, rej) {
return wrapPromise(pThen(res, rej));
};
p.catch = function(rej) {
return wrapPromise(pCatch(rej));
};
return p;
}
你可以带着承诺进行比赛。决心
它不是同步的,但现在发生了
function promiseState(p, isPending, isResolved, isRejected) {
Promise.race([p, Promise.resolve('a value that p should not return')]).then(function(value) {
if (value == 'a value that p should not return') {
(typeof(isPending) === 'function') && isPending();
}else {
(typeof(isResolved) === 'function') && isResolved(value);
}
}, function(reason) {
(typeof(isRejected) === 'function') && isRejected(reason);
});
}
一个小脚本,用于测试和理解异步
var startTime = Date.now() - 100000;//padding trick "100001".slice(1) => 00001
function log(msg) {
console.log((""+(Date.now() - startTime)).slice(1) + ' ' + msg);
return msg;//for chaining promises
};
function prefix(pref) { return function (value) { log(pref + value); return value; };}
function delay(ms) {
return function (value) {
var startTime = Date.now();
while(Date.now() - startTime < ms) {}
return value;//for chaining promises
};
}
setTimeout(log, 0,'timeOut 0 ms');
setTimeout(log, 100,'timeOut 100 ms');
setTimeout(log, 200,'timeOut 200 ms');
var p1 = Promise.resolve('One');
var p2 = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { setTimeout(resolve, 100, "Two"); });
var p3 = Promise.reject("Three");
p3.catch(delay(200)).then(delay(100)).then(prefix('delayed L3 : '));
promiseState(p1, prefix('p1 Is Pending '), prefix('p1 Is Resolved '), prefix('p1 Is Rejected '));
promiseState(p2, prefix('p2 Is Pending '), prefix('p2 Is Resolved '), prefix('p2 Is Rejected '));
promiseState(p3, prefix('p3 Is Pending '), prefix('p3 Is Resolved '), prefix('p3 Is Rejected '));
p1.then(prefix('Level 1 : ')).then(prefix('Level 2 : ')).then(prefix('Level 3 : '));
p2.then(prefix('Level 1 : ')).then(prefix('Level 2 : ')).then(prefix('Level 3 : '));
p3.catch(prefix('Level 1 : ')).then(prefix('Level 2 : ')).then(prefix('Level 3 : '));
log('end of promises');
delay(100)();
log('end of script');
以及firefox的测试结果(chrome保持秩序)
承诺制造。种族和。然后:2级
你可以制造一场有承诺的种族。解决
它不是同步的,但现在发生了
function promiseState(p, isPending, isResolved, isRejected) {
Promise.race([p, Promise.resolve('a value that p should not return')]).then(function(value) {
if (value == 'a value that p should not return') {
(typeof(isPending) === 'function') && isPending();
}else {
(typeof(isResolved) === 'function') && isResolved(value);
}
}, function(reason) {
(typeof(isRejected) === 'function') && isRejected(reason);
});
}
一个小脚本,用于测试和理解异步
var startTime = Date.now() - 100000;//padding trick "100001".slice(1) => 00001
function log(msg) {
console.log((""+(Date.now() - startTime)).slice(1) + ' ' + msg);
return msg;//for chaining promises
};
function prefix(pref) { return function (value) { log(pref + value); return value; };}
function delay(ms) {
return function (value) {
var startTime = Date.now();
while(Date.now() - startTime < ms) {}
return value;//for chaining promises
};
}
setTimeout(log, 0,'timeOut 0 ms');
setTimeout(log, 100,'timeOut 100 ms');
setTimeout(log, 200,'timeOut 200 ms');
var p1 = Promise.resolve('One');
var p2 = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { setTimeout(resolve, 100, "Two"); });
var p3 = Promise.reject("Three");
p3.catch(delay(200)).then(delay(100)).then(prefix('delayed L3 : '));
promiseState(p1, prefix('p1 Is Pending '), prefix('p1 Is Resolved '), prefix('p1 Is Rejected '));
promiseState(p2, prefix('p2 Is Pending '), prefix('p2 Is Resolved '), prefix('p2 Is Rejected '));
promiseState(p3, prefix('p3 Is Pending '), prefix('p3 Is Resolved '), prefix('p3 Is Rejected '));
p1.then(prefix('Level 1 : ')).then(prefix('Level 2 : ')).then(prefix('Level 3 : '));
p2.then(prefix('Level 1 : ')).then(prefix('Level 2 : ')).then(prefix('Level 3 : '));
p3.catch(prefix('Level 1 : ')).then(prefix('Level 2 : ')).then(prefix('Level 3 : '));
log('end of promises');
delay(100)();
log('end of script');
以及firefox的测试结果(chrome保持秩序)
promiseState make.race and.then:Level 2
不,没有同步API,但这是我的asyncpromiseState版本(在@Matthijs的帮助下):
功能承诺状态(p){
常数t={};
回报承诺。种族([p,t])
。然后(v=>(v===t)?“待定”:“已完成”,“已拒绝”);
}
var a=Promise.resolve();
var b=承诺。拒绝();
var c=新承诺(()=>{});
promiseState(a).then(state=>console.log(state));//完成了
promiseState(b).然后(state=>console.log(state));//拒绝
promiseState(c).then(state=>console.log(state));//挂起的
不,没有同步API,但这里是我的异步
promiseState版本(在@Matthijs的帮助下):
功能承诺状态(p){
常数t={};
回报承诺。种族([p,t])
。然后(v=>(v===t)?“待定”:“已完成”,“已拒绝”);
}
var a=Promise.resolve();
var b=承诺。拒绝();
var c=新承诺(()=>{});
promiseState(a).then(state=>console.log(state));//完成了
promiseState(b).然后(state=>console.log(state));//拒绝
promiseState(c).then(state=>console.log(state));//挂起
在提供本机方法之前,您可以在Node.js中使用(丑陋的)hack:
util = require('util');
var promise1 = new Promise (function (resolve) {
}
var promise2 = new Promise (function (resolve) {
resolve ('foo');
}
state1 = util.inspect (promise1);
state2 = util.inspect (promise2);
if (state1 === 'Promise { <pending> }') {
console.log('pending'); // pending
}
if (state2 === "Promise { 'foo' }") {
console.log ('foo') // foo
}
util=require('util');
var promise1=新承诺(功能(解决){
}
var promise2=新承诺(功能(解决){
决议(“foo”);
}
state1=util.inspect(promise1);
state2=util.inspect(promise2);
如果(state1=='Promise{}'){
console.log('pending');//挂起
}
如果(state2==“承诺{'foo'}”){
console.log('foo')//foo
}
在提供本机方法之前,您可以在Node.js中使用(丑陋的)hack:
util = require('util');
var promise1 = new Promise (function (resolve) {
}
var promise2 = new Promise (function (resolve) {
resolve ('foo');
}
state1 = util.inspect (promise1);
state2 = util.inspect (promise2);
if (state1 === 'Promise { <pending> }') {
console.log('pending'); // pending
}
if (state2 === "Promise { 'foo' }") {
console.log ('foo') // foo
}
util=require('util');
var promise1=新承诺(功能(解决){
}
var promise2=新承诺(功能(解决){
决议(“foo”);
}
state1=util.inspect(promise1);
state2=util.inspect(promise2);
如果(state1=='Promise{}'){
console.log('pending');//挂起
}
如果(state2==“承诺{'foo'}”){
console.log('foo')//foo
}
更新日期:2019年
Bluebird.js提供以下功能:
如果您希望创建自己的包装器,这里有一个关于它的示例
因为JavaScript是单线程的,所以很难找到一个足够常见的用例来证明将其放入规范中的合理性。知道承诺是否已解决的最佳位置是在.then()。测试承诺是否已完成将创建一个轮询循环,这很可能是错误的方向
如果您想同步地推理异步代码,这是一个很好的构造
await this();
await that();
return 'success!';
另一个有用的电话是
当我第一次接触到这个答案时,这就是我正在寻找的用例。更新:2019
Bluebird.js提供以下功能:
如果您希望创建自己的包装器,这里有一个关于它的示例
因为JavaScript是单线程的,所以很难找到一个足够常见的用例来证明将其放入规范中的合理性。知道承诺是否已解决的最佳位置是在.then()。测试承诺是否已完成将创建一个轮询循环,这很可能是错误的方向
如果您想同步地推理异步代码,这是一个很好的构造
await this();
await that();
return 'success!';
另一个有用的电话是
当我第一次接触到这个答案时,这就是我正在寻找的用例。您可以做的是,使用一个变量来存储状态,手动将状态设置为该变量,然后检查该变量
var state = 'pending';
new Promise(function(ff, rjc) {
//do something async
if () {//if success
state = 'resolved';
ff();//
} else {
state = 'rejected';
rjc();
}
});
console.log(state);//check the state somewhere else in the code
当然,这意味着您必须能够访问承诺的原始代码。如果您不能访问,则可以执行以下操作:
var state = 'pending';
//you can't access somePromise's code
somePromise.then(function(){
state = 'resolved';
}, function() {
state = 'rejected';
})
console.log(state);//check the promise's state somewhere else in the code
我的解决方案更多的是编码,但我
if (window.Promise) {
Promise.prototype.getState = function () {
if (!this.state) {
this.state = "pending";
var that = this;
this.then(
function (v) {
that.state = "resolved";
return v;
},
function (e) {
that.state = "rejected";
return e;
});
}
return this.state;
};
}
myPromise = new Promise(myFunction);
console.log(myPromise.getState()); // pending|resolved|rejected
if (window.Promise) {
Promise.stateable = function (func) {
var state = "pending";
var pending = true;
var newPromise = new Promise(wrapper);
newPromise.state = state;
return newPromise;
function wrapper(resolve, reject) {
func(res, rej);
function res(e) {
resolve(e);
if (pending) {
if (newPromise)
newPromise.state = "resolved";
else
state = "resolved";
pending = false;
}
}
function rej(e) {
reject(e);
if (pending) {
if (newPromise)
newPromise.state = "rejected";
else
state = "rejected";
pending = false;
}
}
}
};
}
myPromise = Promise.stateable(myFunction);
console.log(myPromise.state); // pending|resolved|rejected
> process.binding('util').getPromiseDetails(Promise.resolve({data: [1,2,3]}));
[ 1, { data: [ 1, 2, 3 ] } ]
> process.binding('util').getPromiseDetails(Promise.reject(new Error('no')));
[ 2, Error: no ]
> process.binding('util').getPromiseDetails(new Promise((resolve) => {}));
[ 0, <1 empty item> ]
//argObj should be of form
// {succeed: <true or false, nTimer: <desired time out>}
function promiseGenerator(argsObj) {
let succeed = argsObj.succeed;
let nTimer = argsObj.nTimer;
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
if (succeed) {
resolve('ok');
}
else {
reject(`fail`);
}
}, nTimer);
})
}
function doWork(generatorargs) {
let sp = { state: `pending`, value: ``, promise: "" };
let p1 = promiseGenerator(generatorargs)
.then((value) => {
sp.state = "resolved";
sp.value = value;
})
.catch((err) => {
sp.state = "rejected";
sp.value = err;
})
sp.promise = p1;
return sp;
}
let promiseArray = [];
promiseArray.push(doWork({ succeed: true, nTimer: 1000 }));
promiseArray.push(doWork({ succeed: true, nTimer: 500 }));
promiseArray.push(doWork({ succeed: false, nTimer: 3000 }));
function loopTimerPromise(delay) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve('ok');
}, delay)
})
}
async function looper() {
let nPromises = 3; //just for breaking loop
let nloop = 0; //just for breaking loop
let i;
//let continueLoop = true;
while (true) {
await loopTimerPromise(900); //execute loop every 900ms
nloop++;
//console.log(`promiseArray.length = ${promiseArray.length}`);
for (i = promiseArray.length; i--; i > -1) {
console.log(`index ${i} state: ${promiseArray[i].state}`);
switch (promiseArray[i].state) {
case "pending":
break;
case "resolved":
nPromises++;
promiseArray.splice(i, 1);
promiseArray.push(doWork({ succeed: true, nTimer: 1000 }));
break;
case "rejected":
//take recovery action
nPromises++;
promiseArray.splice(i, 1);
promiseArray.push(doWork({ succeed: false, nTimer: 500 }));
break;
default:
console.log(`error bad state in i=${i} state:${promiseArray[i].state} `)
break;
}
}
console.log(``);
if (nloop > 10 || nPromises > 10) {
//should do a Promise.all on remaining promises to clean them up but not for test
break;
}
}
}
looper();
/**
* This function allow you to modify a JS Promise by adding some status properties.
* Based on: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/21485545/is-there-a-way-to-tell-if-an-es6-promise-is-fulfilled-rejected-resolved
* But modified according to the specs of promises : https://promisesaplus.com/
*/
function MakeQuerablePromise(promise) {
// Don't modify any promise that has been already modified.
if (promise.isFulfilled) return promise;
// Set initial state
var isPending = true;
var isRejected = false;
var isFulfilled = false;
// Observe the promise, saving the fulfillment in a closure scope.
var result = promise.then(
function(v) {
isFulfilled = true;
isPending = false;
return v;
},
function(e) {
isRejected = true;
isPending = false;
throw e;
}
);
result.isFulfilled = function() { return isFulfilled; };
result.isPending = function() { return isPending; };
result.isRejected = function() { return isRejected; };
return result;
}
wrappedPromise = MakeQueryablePromise(Promise.resolve(3));
setTimeout(function() {console.log(wrappedPromise.isFulfilled())}, 1);
const pending = new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(() => resolve('yakko')));;
const fulfilled = Promise.resolve('wakko');
const rejected = Promise.reject('dot');
[pending, fulfilled, rejected].forEach(promise => {
console.log(process.binding('util').getPromiseDetails(promise));
});
// pending: [0, ]
// fulfilled: [1, 'wakko']
// rejected: [2, 'dot']
const getStatus = promise => ['pending', 'fulfilled', 'rejected'][
process.binding('util').getPromiseDetails(promise)[0]
];
getStatus(pending); // pending
getStatus(fulfilled); // fulfilled
getStatus(rejected); // rejected
const {promiseStatus} = require('promise-status-async');
// ...
if (await promiseStatus(promise) === 'pending') {
const idle = new Promise(function(resolve) {
// can do some IDLE job meanwhile
});
return idle;
}
Object.defineProperty(Promise.prototype, "state", {
get: function(){
const o = {};
return Promise.race([this, o]).then(
v => v === o ? "pending" : "resolved",
() => "rejected");
}
});
// usage: console.log(await <Your Promise>.state);
(async () => {
console.log(await Promise.resolve(2).state); // "resolved"
console.log(await Promise.reject(0).state); // "rejected"
console.log(await new Promise(()=>{}).state); // "pending"
})();
const util = require("util")
function sleep(ms) {
return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
}
(async ()=>{
let letmesleep = sleep(3000)
setInterval(()=>{
console.log(util.inspect(letmesleep).includes("pending"))
},1000)
})()
true
true
false
false
false
class PromiseMonitor {
constructor(prm){
this._status = "pending";
this._pending = true;
this._resolved = false;
this._rejected = false;
this._error = false;
prm
.then( ()=>{
this._status = "resolved";
this._resolved = true;
this._pending = false;
}
, (err)=>{
this._status = "rejected";
this._pending = false;
this._rejected = true;
this._error = err instanceof Error ? true: false ;
}
);
}
get status(){ return this._status; };
get pending(){ return this._pending; };
get resolved(){ return this._resolved; };
get rejected(){ return this._rejected; };
get error(){ return this._error };
};
let promiseObject = functionThatReturnsAPromise();
let promiseMonitor = new PromiseMonitor( promiseObject );
let ticks = 0;
let tickerID = setInterval( ()=>{++ticks; console.log(`..tick ${ticks}`)}, 1000);
async function run(){
console.log("Start");
let delay = prmDelay(2000);
let delayMonitor = new PromiseMonitor(delay);
// normal handling of delay promise
delay.then((result)=>( console.log("Normal resolution of delay using .then()") ) );
console.log("delay at start:\n", delay);
console.log("delayMonitor at start:\n", delayMonitor);
await delay;
console.log("delay finished:\n", delay);
console.log("delayMonitor finished:\n", delayMonitor);
console.log("\n\n TEST2: Rejection without an Error test ================================")
let rejDelay = prmDelay(3000, "reject");
let rejMonitor = new PromiseMonitor(rejDelay);
// normal handling of reject result on promise
rejDelay.then((result)=>( console.log("Normal resolution of rejDelay using .then will not happen") )
, (err)=>( console.log("Rejection of rejDelay handled using .then")));
console.log("rejDelay at start:\n", rejDelay);
console.log("rejMonitor at start:\n", rejMonitor);
await rejDelay.catch( (err)=>{ console.log( "Caught error using .catch on rejDelay" ); });
console.log("rejDelay finished:\n", rejDelay);
console.log("rejMonitor finished:\n", rejMonitor);
console.log("\n\n TEST3: Rejection with an Error test ================================")
let errMonitor ;
let errDelay;
try{
errDelay = prmDelay(1000, "error");
errMonitor = new PromiseMonitor(errDelay);
// normal handling of results of the original promise
errDelay.then(
(result)=>{
console.log("Normal expiry of errDelay");
console.log("Monitor Status is " + errMonitor.status )
}
, (err)=>{
console.log("** Rejection of errDelay handled using .then()");
console.log(" Monitor Status is " + errMonitor.status )
}
);
console.log("errDelay at start:\n", errDelay);
console.log("errMonitor at start:\n", errMonitor);
await errDelay;
console.log("**** This should never be run");
} catch(err) {
console.log( "** Caught error on errDelay using try{}catch{}:" );
console.log( " Monitor Status is " + errMonitor.status )
};
console.log("errDelay finished:\n", errDelay);
console.log("errMonitor finished:\n", errMonitor);
clearInterval(tickerID);
}
/**
* Creates a new promise with a specific result
* @param {*} tt
* @param {*} exitType ("resolve", "reject" or "error")
*/
function prmDelay (tt, exitType) {
return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
if( exitType == 'reject' ){
setTimeout(()=>{ reject("REJECTED")}, tt);
} else if( exitType== 'error'){
setTimeout(()=>{ reject(new Error( "ERROR Rejection") ); }, tt);
} else {
setTimeout(()=>{ resolve("RESOLVED") }, tt);
} ;
});
};
run();
class XPromise extends Promise {
state = 'pending'
get settled() {return(this.state !== 'pending')}
resolve(v,...a) {
this.state = 'resolved'
return(this.resolve_(this.value = v,...a))
}
reject(e,...a) {
this.state = 'rejected'
return(this.reject_(this.value = (e instanceof Error) ? e : XPromise.Error(e),...a))
}
static Error(e) {const v = Error('value-rejected'); v.value = e; return(v)}
static Future(fn,...args) { // FactoryFn
let r,t,fv = new XPromise((r_,t_) => {r=r_;t=t_})
fv.resolve_ = r; fv.reject_ = t;
switch(typeof fn) {
case 'undefined': break; case 'function': fn(fv,...args); break;
default: fv.resolve(fn)
}
return(fv)
}
}
global.Future = XPromise.Future
async doSomething() {
// Start both - logically async-parallel
const fvIsNetworkOnLine = this.fvIsNetworkOnline
const fvAuthToken = this.fvAuthToken
// await both (order not critical since both started/queued above)
await fvAuthToken
await fvIsNetworkOnLine
// ... we can check the future values here if needed `fv.resolved`, `fv.state` etc
// ... do dependent workflow here ...
}
onNetworkOnLine(fIsOnline) {
// We utilize the `fv.settled` below, and use the event to `settle` it etc
if(fIsOnline) {
if(this.fvNetworkAvailable_)
this.fvNetworkAvailable_.resolve(true)
this.fvNetworkAvailable_ = undefined
}
else if(this.fvNetworkAvailable_.settled) {
this.fvNetworkAvailable_ = undefined
}
}
get fvNetworkAvailable() {
if(navigator.onLine)
return true
else if(this.fvNetworkAvailable_)
return this.fvNetworkAvailable_
return (this.fvNetworkAvailable_ = Future())
}
get fvAuthToken() {
if(this.fvAuthToken_)
return this.fvAuthToken_
const authTokenFv = async fv => {
// ... handle retry logic etc here ...
}
return(this.fvAuthToken_ = Future(authTokenFv))
}
isPromisePending1: 440.694ms
isPromisePending2: 3.354s
isPromisePending3: 4.761s