Jpa 对于@SpringBootTest，我为什么被告知；配置错误：找到多个@BootstrapWith“的声明；即使我不知道'；我一个也没有？

我使用的是SpringBoot2.1。我正在尝试设置一个Spring Boot集成测试来测试控制器。我有下面的

@ContextConfiguration(classes=CardmaniaApplication.class)
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@DataJpaTest
public class CardControllerIntegrationTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private ObjectMapper objectMapper;

    @Autowired
    private ICardRepository cardRepository;

    @Autowired
    private IUserRepository userRepository;
    
    @Autowired
    private IOccasionRepository occasionRepository;
    
    @Test
    @WithMockUser(authorities = {"ADMIN"})
    void createCard() throws Exception {
        final Card card = new Card();
        final User author = userRepository.findAll().get(0);
        card.setAuthor(author);
        final Occasion occasion = occasionRepository.findAll().get(0);
        card.setOccasion(occasion);
        byte[] image = new byte[] {1, 1, 1, 1};
        card.setImage(image);
        
        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/cards").contentType("application/json")
                .content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(card)))
                .andExpect(status().isOk());

        List<Card> cards = cardRepository.findByOccasion(occasion);
        assertThat(cards.size()).isEqualTo(1);
        final Card cardEntity = cards.get(0);
        assertThat(cardEntity.getImage()).isEqualTo(image);
    }
}

@ContextConfiguration（classes=cardmaniapplication.class）
@ExtendWith（SpringExtension.class）
@春靴测试
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@DataJpaTest
公共类CardControllerIntegrationTest{
@自动连线
私有MockMvc-MockMvc；
@自动连线
私有对象映射器对象映射器；
@自动连线
专用ICardRepository卡存储库；
@自动连线
专用IUserRepository用户存储库；
@自动连线
私有IOccasionRepository-occasionRepository；
@试验
@WithMockUser（权限={“ADMIN”}）
void createCard（）引发异常{
最终卡=新卡（）；
最终用户作者=userRepository.findAll（）.get（0）；
卡.集作者（作者）；
final case=occasionRepository.findAll（）.get（0）；
卡.设置场合（场合）；
字节[]图像=新字节[]{1,1,1,1}；
设置图像（图像）；
mockMvc.perform（post（“/api/cards”）.contentType（“application/json”）
.content（objectMapper.writeValueAsString（卡）））
.andExpect（status（）.isOk（））；
列表卡=cardRepository.findByOccasion（场合）；
资产（cards.size（））.isEqualTo（1）；
最终卡片cardEntity=cards.get（0）；
assertThat（cardEntity.getImage（））.isEqualTo（image）；
}
}

对于如何注释主类，我有点困惑，因为当我运行测试时，会出现异常

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Configuration error: found multiple declarations of @BootstrapWith for test class [com.burrobuie.cardmania.controller.CardControllerIntegrationTest]: [@org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapWith(value=org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper), @org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapWith(value=org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTestContextBootstrapper)]
    at org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils.resolveExplicitTestContextBootstrapper(BootstrapUtils.java:166)
    at org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils.resolveTestContextBootstrapper(BootstrapUtils.java:127)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:122)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore.lambda$getOrComputeIfAbsent$0(ExtensionValuesStore.java:81)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore$MemoizingSupplier.get(ExtensionValuesStore.java:182)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore.getOrComputeIfAbsent(ExtensionValuesStore.java:84)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore.getOrComputeIfAbsent(ExtensionValuesStore.java:88)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.NamespaceAwareStore.getOrComputeIfAbsent(NamespaceAwareStore.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.getTestContextManager(SpringExtension.java:213)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.beforeAll(SpringExtension.java:77)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeBeforeAllCallbacks$7(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:359)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.invokeBeforeAllCallbacks(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:359)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.before(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:189)
    at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.before(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:78)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:132)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80)
    at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1540)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:38)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:139)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:32)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57)
    at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:51)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:248)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.lambda$execute$5(DefaultLauncher.java:211)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.withInterceptedStreams(DefaultLauncher.java:226)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:199)
    at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:141)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit5.runner.JUnit5TestReference.run(JUnit5TestReference.java:98)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:41)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:542)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:770)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:464)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:210)
    Suppressed: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Configuration error: found multiple declarations of @BootstrapWith for test class [com.burrobuie.cardmania.controller.CardControllerIntegrationTest]: [@org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapWith(value=org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper), @org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapWith(value=org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTestContextBootstrapper)]
        at org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils.resolveExplicitTestContextBootstrapper(BootstrapUtils.java:166)
        at org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils.resolveTestContextBootstrapper(BootstrapUtils.java:127)
        at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:122)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore.lambda$getOrComputeIfAbsent$0(ExtensionValuesStore.java:81)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore$MemoizingSupplier.get(ExtensionValuesStore.java:182)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore.remove(ExtensionValuesStore.java:98)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.NamespaceAwareStore.remove(NamespaceAwareStore.java:73)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.afterAll(SpringExtension.java:89)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeAfterAllCallbacks$13(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:425)
        at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeAfterAllCallbacks$14(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:425)
        at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1540)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.invokeAfterAllCallbacks(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:425)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.after(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:213)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.after(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:78)
        at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:145)
        at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
        at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:145)
    

... 29 more

java.lang.IllegalStateException:配置错误：找到测试类[com.burrobuie.cardmania.controller.CardControllerIntegrationTest]的多个@BootstrapWith声明：[@org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapWith（value=org.springframework.boot.test.context.springbootstrapWith），@org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapWith（value=org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTestContextBootstrapper）]
位于org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils.resolveExplicitTestContextBootstrapper（BootstrapUtils.java:166）
位于org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapUtils.resolveTestContextBootstrapper（BootstrapUtils.java:127）
位于org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager。（TestContextManager.java:122）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore.lambda$getorComputeFabSent$0（ExtensionValuesStore.java:81）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore$MemoizingSupplier.get（ExtensionValuesStore.java:182）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore.getorComputeFabSent（ExtensionValuesStore.java:84）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore.getorComputeFabSent（ExtensionValuesStore.java:88）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.NamespaceAwareStore.getorComputeFabSent（NamespaceAwareStore.java:61）
位于org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.getTestContextManager（SpringExtension.java:213）
位于org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.beforeAll（SpringExtension.java:77）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokebeeforeallcallbacks$7（ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:359）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.ThrowableCollector.execute（ThrowableCollector.java:73）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.InvokeBeeForeallCallbacks（ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:359）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.before（ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:189）
位于org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.before（ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:78）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.NodeTestTask.lambda$ExecuteCursive$5（NodeTestTask.java:132）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.ThrowableCollector.execute（ThrowableCollector.java:73）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.NodeTestTask.lambda$executecurively$7（NodeTestTask.java:125）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.Node.around（Node.java:135）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.NodeTestTask.lambda$ExecuteCursive$8（NodeTestTask.java:123）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.ThrowableCollector.execute（ThrowableCollector.java:73）
在org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.NodeTestTask.ExecuteCursive上（NodeTestTask.java:122）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.NodeTestTask.execute（NodeTestTask.java:80）
位于java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach（ArrayList.java:1540）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.samethreadherarchycalTestExecutorService.invokeAll（samethreadherarchycalTestExecutorService.java:38）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.NodeTestTask.lambda$ExecuteCursive$5（NodeTestTask.java:139）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.ThrowableCollector.execute（ThrowableCollector.java:73）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.NodeTestTask.lambda$executecurively$7（NodeTestTask.java:125）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.Node.around（Node.java:135）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.NodeTestTask.lambda$ExecuteCursive$8（NodeTestTask.java:123）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.ThrowableCollector.execute（ThrowableCollector.java:73）
在org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.NodeTestTask.ExecuteCursive上（NodeTestTask.java:122）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.NodeTestTask.execute（NodeTestTask.java:80）
位于org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchy.samethreadherarchycalTestExecutorService.submit（samethreadherarchycalTestExecutorService.java:32）
在组织
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class CardControllerIntegrationTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private ObjectMapper objectMapper;

    @Autowired
    private ICardRepository cardRepository;

    @Autowired
    private IUserRepository userRepository;
    
    @Autowired
    private IOccasionRepository occasionRepository;
    
    @Test
    @WithMockUser(authorities = {"ADMIN"})
    void createCard() throws Exception {
        final Card card = new Card();
        final User author = userRepository.findAll().get(0);
        card.setAuthor(author);
        final Occasion occasion = occasionRepository.findAll().get(0);
        card.setOccasion(occasion);
        byte[] image = new byte[] {1, 1, 1, 1};
        card.setImage(image);
        
        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/cards").contentType("application/json")
                .content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(card)))
                .andExpect(status().isOk());

        List<Card> cards = cardRepository.findByOccasion(occasion);
        assertThat(cards.size()).isEqualTo(1);
        final Card cardEntity = cards.get(0);
        assertThat(cardEntity.getImage()).isEqualTo(image);
    }
}

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@BootstrapWith(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.class)
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
public @interface SpringBootTest {

}