Matlab 从一系列产品创建矩阵的快速高效方法

Matlab 从一系列产品创建矩阵的快速高效方法,matlab,performance,matrix,large-data,Matlab,Performance,Matrix,Large Data,Ax,Ay,Az:[N-by-N] B=AA(并矢乘积) 这意味着: B(i,j)= [Ax(i,j);Ay(i,j);Az(i,j)]*[Ax(i,j) Ay(i,j) Az(i,j)] B(i,j):一个3x3矩阵。 构造B的一种方法是: N=2; Ax=rand(N); Ay=rand(N); Az=rand(N); %# [N-by-N] t=1; F=zeros(3,3,N^2); for i=1:N for j=1:N F(:,:,t)= [Ax(

Ax,Ay,Az:[N-by-N]

B=AA(并矢乘积)

这意味着:

B(i,j)= [Ax(i,j);Ay(i,j);Az(i,j)]*[Ax(i,j) Ay(i,j) Az(i,j)]
B(i,j):一个3x3矩阵。 构造B的一种方法是:

N=2;
Ax=rand(N); Ay=rand(N); Az=rand(N);     %# [N-by-N]
t=1;
F=zeros(3,3,N^2);
for  i=1:N
    for j=1:N
        F(:,:,t)= [Ax(i,j);Ay(i,j);Az(i,j)]*[Ax(i,j) Ay(i,j) Az(i,j)];
        t=t+1;                          %# t is just a counter
    end
end
%# then we can write
B = mat2cell(F,3,3,ones(N^2,1));
B = reshape(B,N,N)'; 
B = cell2mat(B);
当N很大时,有没有更快的方法

编辑:

谢谢你的回答。(更快) 让我们把: N=2; Ax=[12;34];Ay=[56;78];Az=[9 10;11 12]

B =

 1     5     9     4    12    20
 5    25    45    12    36    60
 9    45    81    20    60   100
 9    21    33    16    32    48
21    49    77    32    64    96
33    77   121    48    96   144
运行:
??? 使用==>mtimes时出错 内部矩阵尺寸必须一致

如果我写:
p=Ai*Aj然后

B  =

 7    19    31    15    43    71
23    67   111    31    91   151
39   115   191    47   139   231
10    22    34    22    50    78
34    78   122    46   106   166
58   134   210    70   162   254
那与上面不同 从[Ax(1,1)Ay(1,1)Az(1,1)]

编辑:

编辑:

在对我的应用程序进行一些修改后: 按gnovice代码

 1st code :  19.303310 seconds
 2nd code:  23.128920  seconds
 3rd code:  13.363585  seconds
似乎任何函数调用,如ceil、ind2sub。。。尽可能使环变慢并避免


syindex
很有趣!谢谢。

这里有一个相当简单和通用的实现,它使用单个for循环执行,避免处理三维变量或重塑:

A = cat(3, Ax, Ay, Az);   % [N-by-N-by-3]
F = zeros(3, 3, N^2);
for i = 1:3, 
  for j = 1:3,
    Ai = A(:,:,i);
    Aj = A(:,:,j);
    P = Ai(:) .* Aj(:);
    F(i,j,:) = reshape(P, [1, 1, N^2]);
  end
end

%# then we can write
B = mat2cell(F,3,3,ones(N^2,1));
B = reshape(B,N,N)'; 
B = cell2mat(B);
%# General solution:
%# ----------------
B = cell(N);
for index = 1:N^2
  A = [Ax(index) Ay(index) Az(index)];
  B{index} = A(:)*A;
end
B = cell2mat(B);
编辑#1:

为了回答如何减少对称矩阵
B
计算次数的附加问题,您可以使用上述代码的以下修改版本:

%# Symmetric solution #1:
%# ---------------------
B = cell(N);
for index = find(tril(ones(N))).'  %'# Loop over the lower triangular part of B
  A = [Ax(index) Ay(index) Az(index)];
  B{index} = A(:)*A;
  symIndex = N*rem(index-1,N)+ceil(index/N);  %# Find the linear index for the
                                              %#   symmetric element
  if symIndex ~= index       %# If we're not on the main diagonal
    B{symIndex} = B{index};  %#   then copy the symmetric element
  end
end
B = cell2mat(B);
但是,在这种情况下,通过前面的线性索引和使用两个带有下标索引的for循环,您可能会获得更好的性能(或者至少是看起来更简单的代码),如下所示:

%# Symmetric solution #2:
%# ---------------------
B = cell(N);
for c = 1:N    %# Loop over the columns
  for r = c:N  %# Loop over a subset of the rows
    A = [Ax(r,c) Ay(r,c) Az(r,c)];
    B{r,c} = A(:)*A;
    if r ~= c           %# If we're not on the main diagonal
      B{c,r} = B{r,c};  %#   then copy the symmetric element
    end
  end
end
B = cell2mat(B);
编辑#2:

第二个对称解决方案可以通过将对角线计算移到内部循环之外(不需要条件语句)并用结果覆盖
a(:)*a
来进一步加快速度,这样我们就可以使用
a
而不是
B{r,c}来更新对称单元格条目
B{c,r}
(即用一个单元格的内容更新另一个单元格似乎会带来一些额外的开销):

下面是使用以下样本对称矩阵的3个对称解的计时结果
Ax
Ay
Az

N = 400;
Ax = tril(rand(N));     %# Lower triangular matrix
Ax = Ax+triu(Ax.',1);  %'# Add transpose to fill upper triangle
Ay = tril(rand(N));     %# Lower triangular matrix
Ay = Ay+triu(Ay.',1);  %'# Add transpose to fill upper triangle
Az = tril(rand(N));     %# Lower triangular matrix
Az = Az+triu(Az.',1);  %'# Add transpose to fill upper triangle

%# Timing results:
%# --------------
%# Solution #1 = 0.779415 seconds
%# Solution #2 = 0.704830 seconds
%# Solution #3 = 0.325920 seconds

解决方案3的大速度主要是由于使用局部变量
A
更新
B
的单元格内容,而不是使用另一个单元格的内容更新一个单元格。换句话说,用
B{c,r}=B{r,c}带来的开销比我预期的要多。

p=Ai(:)*Aj(:)-->
P=Ai*Aj?@user784433:已修复。它应该是元素相乘,产生一个
[N^2,1,1]
向量。谢谢。非常感谢你。这太棒了!在线性索引中,我们是否可以对算法说,当B对称时,只计算矩阵的一半?
%# Symmetric solution #3:
%# ---------------------
B = cell(N);
for c = 1:N    %# Loop over the columns
  A = [Ax(c,c) Ay(c,c) Az(c,c)];
  B{c,c} = A(:)*A;
  for r = c+1:N  %# Loop over a subset of the rows
    A = [Ax(r,c) Ay(r,c) Az(r,c)];
    A = A(:)*A;
    B{r,c} = A;
    B{c,r} = A;
  end
end
B = cell2mat(B);
N = 400;
Ax = tril(rand(N));     %# Lower triangular matrix
Ax = Ax+triu(Ax.',1);  %'# Add transpose to fill upper triangle
Ay = tril(rand(N));     %# Lower triangular matrix
Ay = Ay+triu(Ay.',1);  %'# Add transpose to fill upper triangle
Az = tril(rand(N));     %# Lower triangular matrix
Az = Az+triu(Az.',1);  %'# Add transpose to fill upper triangle

%# Timing results:
%# --------------
%# Solution #1 = 0.779415 seconds
%# Solution #2 = 0.704830 seconds
%# Solution #3 = 0.325920 seconds