Mysql 改进来自解释结果的查询
我有一个基于搜索条件动态组合的复杂查询。然而，就其最简单的形式而言，它仍然非常缓慢。它运行的主表有大约10万条记录。我对一个“基本”查询运行了一个解释，解释的第一行看起来很糟糕（至少对于像我这样的新手dba来说）。我已经阅读了一些关于EXPLAIN的教程，但是我仍然不确定如何修复这个查询。所以，结果的第一行似乎表明了问题所在，但我不知道该怎么办。即使我愿意，我也无法生成这么长的复合键，而且“可能的_键”列中的一些字段名甚至不在patients表中。任何帮助都将不胜感激Mysql 改进来自解释结果的查询,mysql,sql,performance,query-optimization,explain,Mysql,Sql,Performance,Query Optimization,Explain,我有一个基于搜索条件动态组合的复杂查询。然而，就其最简单的形式而言，它仍然非常缓慢。它运行的主表有大约10万条记录。我对一个“基本”查询运行了一个解释，解释的第一行看起来很糟糕（至少对于像我这样的新手dba来说）。我已经阅读了一些关于EXPLAIN的教程，但是我仍然不确定如何修复这个查询。所以，结果的第一行似乎表明了问题所在，但我不知道该怎么办。即使我愿意，我也无法生成这么长的复合键，而且“可能的_键”列中的一些字段名甚至不在patients表中。任何帮助都将不胜感激 id,select_
id,select_type,table,type,possible_keys,key,key_len,ref,rows,Extra
1,SIMPLE,patients,range,"PRIMARY,location,appt_date,status,radiologist,contract,lastname,paperwork,images_archived,hash,created,document_attached,all_images_archived,last_image_archived,modality,study_uid,company,second_access,firstname,report_delivered,ssn,order_entry_status,dob,tech,doctor,mobile_facility,accession,location_appt_date,location_created,location_lastname,ref,person_seq",location_appt_date,55,NULL,573534,"Using index condition; Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort"
1,SIMPLE,receivable_transactions,ref,patient_seq,patient_seq,4,ris-dev.patients.seq,1,NULL
1,SIMPLE,patients_dispatch,ref,patient_seq,patient_seq,4,ris-dev.patients.seq,1,NULL
1,SIMPLE,mobile_facility,ref,"unique_index,name,location",unique_index,115,"ris-dev.patients.mobile_facility,const",1,"Using where"
1,SIMPLE,mobile_facility_service_areas,eq_ref,PRIMARY,PRIMARY,4,ris-dev.mobile_facility.service_area,1,NULL
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE patients range PRIMARY location_appt_date 55 NULL 573534 Using index condition; Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort
location
appt_date
status
radiologist
contract
lastname
paperwork
images_archived
hash
created
document_attached
all_images_archived
last_image_archived
modality
study_uid
company
second_access
firstname
report_delivered
ssn
order_entry_status
dob
tech
doctor
mobile_facility
accession
location_appt_date
location_created
location_lastname
ref
person_seq
1 SIMPLE receivable_transactions ref patient_seq patient_seq 4 ris-dev.patients.seq 1 NULL
1 SIMPLE patients_dispatch ref patient_seq patient_seq 4 ris-dev.patients.seq 1 NULL
1 SIMPLE mobile_facility ref unique_index unique_index 115 ris-dev.patients.mobile_facility,const 1 Using where
name
location
1 SIMPLE mobile_facility_service_areas eq_ref PRIMARY PRIMARY 4 ris-dev.mobile_facility.service_area 1 NULL
SELECT patients.fax_in_queue, patients.modality, patients.stat, patients.created, patients.seq, patients.lastname,
patients.firstname, patients.appt_date, patients.status, patients.contract, patients.location, patients.unique_hash,
patients.images_archived, patients.report_delivered, patients.doctor, patients.mobile_facility, patients.history,
patients.dob, patients.all_images_archived, patients.order_entry_status, patients.tech, patients.radiologist,
patients.last_image_archived, patients.state, patients.ss_comments, patients.completed, patients.report_status,
patients.have_paperwork, patients.facility_room_number, patients.facility_station_name, patients.facility_bed,
patients.findings_level, patients.document_attached, patients.study_start, patients.company, patients.accession,
patients.number_images, patients.client_number_images, patients.sex, patients.threshhold , GROUP_CONCAT(CONCAT(CONCAT(receivable_transactions.modifier, " "),
receivable_transactions.description) SEPARATOR ", ") AS rt_desc , patients_dispatch.seq AS doc_seq, patients_dispatch.requisition_last_sent,
patients_dispatch.requisition_signed_by_file_seq, patients_dispatch.requisition_signed, patients_dispatch.order_reason, patients_dispatch.order_comments,
patients_dispatch.order_taken, patients_dispatch.order_tech_last_notified, patients_dispatch.order_tech_in_transit, patients_dispatch.order_tech_in,
patients_dispatch.order_tech_out, patients_dispatch.order_tech_ack, patients_dispatch.addr1 AS d_addr1, patients_dispatch.addr2 AS d_addr2,
patients_dispatch.city AS d_city, patients_dispatch.state AS d_state, patients_dispatch.zip AS d_zip, CONCAT(patients.status, order_tech_out,
order_tech_in, order_tech_in_transit) as pseudo_status , mobile_facility.requisition_fax, mobile_facility.station_list, mobile_facility.address1 as mf_addr1,
mobile_facility.address2 as mf_addr2, mobile_facility.city as mf_city, mobile_facility.state as mf_state, mobile_facility.zip as mf_zip,
mobile_facility.phone as mf_phone, mobile_facility.phone2 as mf_phone2, mobile_facility_service_areas.name as mf_service_area
FROM patients LEFT JOIN receivable_transactions ON patients.seq = receivable_transactions.patient_seq
LEFT JOIN patients_dispatch ON patients.seq = patients_dispatch.patient_seq
LEFT JOIN mobile_facility ON patients.location = mobile_facility.location AND patients.mobile_facility = mobile_facility.name
LEFT JOIN mobile_facility_service_areas ON mobile_facility.service_area = mobile_facility_service_areas.seq
WHERE patients.location = "XYZCompany" AND ((patients.appt_date >= '2020-03-19' AND patients.appt_date <= '2020-03-19 23:59:59')
OR (patients.appt_date <= '2020-03-19' AND patients.status < 'X'))
GROUP BY patients.seq DESC
ORDER BY patients.status, patients.order_entry_status, pseudo_status, patients.order_entry_status,patients.lastname);
CREATE TABLE `patients` (
`seq` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`person_seq` int(11) NOT NULL,
`firstname` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`lastname` varchar(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`middlename` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`ref` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`location` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`doctor` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`radiologist` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`contract` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`history` mediumtext NOT NULL,
`dob` varchar(15) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00',
`appt_date` date NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00',
`status` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`tech` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`created` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
`ss_comments` mediumtext NOT NULL,
`mobile_facility` varchar(60) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`facility_room_number` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`facility_bed` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`facility_station_name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`stat` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`have_paperwork` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`completed` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
`sex` char(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`unique_hash` varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`number_images` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`client_number_images` int(11) NOT NULL,
`images_archived` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`completed_fax` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT 'This is the number the completed report is faxed to.',
`report_delivered` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`report_delivered_time` datetime NOT NULL,
`document_attached` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`modality` varchar(3) NOT NULL,
`last_image_archived` datetime NOT NULL,
`all_images_archived` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`fax_in_queue` varchar(12) NOT NULL,
`accession` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`study_uid` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`order_entry_status` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
`compare_to` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
`state` varchar(3) NOT NULL,
`company` int(11) NOT NULL,
`second_access` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`threshhold` datetime NOT NULL,
`report_status` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
`second_id` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`rad_alerted` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
`assigned` datetime NOT NULL,
`findings_level` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
`report_viewed` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
`study_received` datetime NOT NULL,
`study_start` datetime NOT NULL,
`study_end` datetime NOT NULL,
`completed_email` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`completed_send` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`ssn` varchar(12) NOT NULL,
`exorder_number` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`exvisit_number` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`row_updated` timestamp NOT NULL ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY (`seq`),
KEY `location` (`location`),
KEY `appt_date` (`appt_date`),
KEY `status` (`status`),
KEY `radiologist` (`radiologist`),
KEY `contract` (`contract`),
KEY `lastname` (`lastname`),
KEY `paperwork` (`have_paperwork`),
KEY `images_archived` (`images_archived`),
KEY `hash` (`unique_hash`),
KEY `created` (`created`),
KEY `document_attached` (`document_attached`),
KEY `all_images_archived` (`all_images_archived`),
KEY `last_image_archived` (`last_image_archived`),
KEY `modality` (`modality`),
KEY `study_uid` (`study_uid`),
KEY `company` (`company`),
KEY `second_access` (`second_access`),
KEY `firstname` (`firstname`),
KEY `report_delivered` (`report_delivered`),
KEY `ssn` (`ssn`),
KEY `order_entry_status` (`order_entry_status`),
KEY `dob` (`dob`),
KEY `tech` (`tech`),
KEY `doctor` (`doctor`),
KEY `mobile_facility` (`mobile_facility`),
KEY `accession` (`accession`),
KEY `location_appt_date` (`location`,`appt_date`),
KEY `location_created` (`location`,`created`),
KEY `location_lastname` (`location`,`lastname`),
KEY `ref` (`ref`),
KEY `person_seq` (`person_seq`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=10242952 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
CREATE TABLE `receivable_transactions` (
`seq` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`patient_seq` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`cptcode` varchar(15) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`modifier` char(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`description` varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`amount` decimal(6,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.00',
`type` char(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`transaction` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`radiologist` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`status` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`completed` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
`created` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
`report_meta_seq` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`report_header` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`report_body` blob NOT NULL,
`report_impression` mediumtext NOT NULL,
`report_hide` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
`radiologist_group` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`addendum` int(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`addendum_type` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`peer_review` int(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`qa_reason` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`qa_agree` decimal(2,1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.0',
`findings` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
`comments` mediumtext NOT NULL,
`company` int(11) NOT NULL,
`row_updated` timestamp NOT NULL ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY (`seq`),
KEY `patient_seq` (`patient_seq`),
KEY `cptcode` (`cptcode`),
KEY `transaction` (`transaction`),
KEY `type` (`type`),
KEY `created` (`created`),
KEY `radiologist` (`radiologist`),
KEY `status` (`status`),
KEY `report_meta_seq` (`report_meta_seq`),
KEY `Billing Check Dropdown` (`status`,`completed`),
KEY `qa_agree` (`qa_agree`),
KEY `peer_review` (`peer_review`),
KEY `addendum` (`addendum`),
KEY `company` (`company`),
KEY `completed` (`completed`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=9380351 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
CREATE TABLE `patients_dispatch` (
`seq` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`patient_seq` int(11) NOT NULL,
`order_taken` datetime NOT NULL,
`order_taken_by` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`order_person_calling` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`order_supervising_physician` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`order_trip_count` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
`order_trip_count_max` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
`order_trip_visit` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
`order_tech_in` datetime NOT NULL,
`order_tech_out` datetime NOT NULL,
`order_ssn` varchar(12) NOT NULL,
`order_service_request_time` datetime NOT NULL,
`order_reason` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`order_tech_ack` datetime NOT NULL,
`order_tech_assigned` datetime NOT NULL,
`order_tech_last_notified` datetime NOT NULL,
`requisition_last_sent` datetime NOT NULL,
`requisition_signed` datetime NOT NULL,
`requisition_signed_by` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`requisition_signed_by_text` varchar(75) NOT NULL,
`requisition_signed_by_file_seq` int(11) NOT NULL,
`order_comments` mediumtext NOT NULL,
`order_tech_in_transit` datetime NOT NULL,
`fasting` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
`collection_time` time DEFAULT NULL,
`addr1` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`addr2` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`city` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`state` varchar(3) NOT NULL,
`zip` varchar(12) NOT NULL,
`phone` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
`mileage_start` int(11) NOT NULL,
`mileage_end` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`seq`),
KEY `patient_seq` (`patient_seq`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2261091 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
CREATE TABLE `mobile_facility` (
`seq` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(60) NOT NULL,
`location` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`address1` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`address2` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`city` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`state` varchar(2) NOT NULL,
`zip` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`phone` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
`phone2` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
`fax` varchar(110) NOT NULL,
`rads_can_read` text NOT NULL,
`rads_cant_read` text NOT NULL,
`only_techs` text NOT NULL,
`never_modalities` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT 'A serialized list of modalities a facility may not use.',
`station_list` mediumtext NOT NULL,
`email` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`misc1` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`latitude` float NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`longitude` float NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`affiliation` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT 'mobile_facility_affiliations seq',
`branch` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT 'mobile_facility_branches seq',
`service_area` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT 'mobile_facility_service_areas seq',
`other_id` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT 'Usually used for HL7',
`facility_type` varchar(2) DEFAULT NULL,
`no_stat` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT 'Should the facility allow stat priority on patients?',
`facility_notes` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL,
`requisition_fax` varchar(110) NOT NULL,
`report_template` text NOT NULL,
`all_orders_stat` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
`sms_notification` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
`tat` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`npi` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
`NMXR` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`billing_type` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`salesman` varchar(75) NOT NULL,
`created_at` datetime NOT NULL,
`updated_at` datetime NOT NULL,
`default_bill_to` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
PRIMARY KEY (`seq`),
UNIQUE KEY `unique_index` (`name`,`location`),
KEY `name` (`name`),
KEY `location` (`location`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=155104 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
CREATE TABLE `mobile_facility_service_areas` (
`seq` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`location` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`seq`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=841 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
选择队列中的patients.fax\u、patients.modity、patients.stat、patients.created、patients.seq、patients.lastname、，
patients.firstname、patients.appt_日期、patients.status、patients.contract、patients.location、patients.unique_散列、，
患者。图像存档，患者。报告交付，患者。医生，患者。移动设备，患者。病史，
patients.dob，patients.all_images\u archived，patients.order\u entry\u status，patients.tech，patients.Radiogist，
patients.last_image_存档、patients.state、patients.ss_注释、patients.completed、patients.report_状态、，
患者。有文件，患者。设施房间号，患者。设施站名，患者。设施床，
patients.findings\u级别，patients.document\u附件，patients.study\u开始，patients.company，patients.accessment，
patients.number\u图像，patients.client\u number\u图像，patients.sex，patients.threshold，GROUP\u CONCAT，
应收账款\交易记录.说明）分隔符“，”）作为rt\ U desc，患者\发货单.顺序作为单据顺序，患者\发货单.申请单\上次发送，
患者发送申请单由患者文件签名，患者发送申请单签名，患者发送订单原因，患者发送订单注释，
患者发送、医嘱接收、患者发送、医嘱技术最后通知、患者发送、医嘱技术在途、患者发送、医嘱技术在途、，
患者发送。医嘱发送。医嘱发送。医嘱发送。医嘱发送。确认，患者发送。addr1作为d\U addr1，患者发送。addr2作为d\U addr2，
患者发送。城市为d_城市，患者发送。状态为d_状态，患者发送。zip为d_zip，CONCAT（患者状态，订单技术输出，
订单技术输入，订单技术输入，作为伪状态，移动设备申请传真，移动设备站点列表，移动设备地址1作为mf地址1，
mobile_facility.address2作为mf_addr2，mobile_facility.city作为mf_city，mobile_facility.state作为mf_state，mobile_facility.zip作为mf_zip，
mobile_facility.phone作为mf_phone，mobile_facility.phone2作为mf_phone2，mobile_facility_service_area.name作为mf_service_area
从患者左侧加入患者上的应收账款交易。seq=应收账款交易。患者
左连接患者\在患者上发送。seq=患者\发送。患者\ seq
左键连接患者上的移动设备。位置=移动设备。位置和患者。移动设备=移动设备。名称
在mobile_facility.service_area=mobile_facility_service_area.seq上左键连接mobile_facility_service_区域
其中patients.location=“XYZCompany”和（（patients.appt_date>='2020-03-19'和patients.appt_date它只使用位置上的索引，但这只会将搜索范围缩小到大约50万行。您希望它使用一个索引进一步缩小到appt_date
但是，在WHERE子句中使用或
会导致问题。它无法决定如何使用索引
以下是我的建议：
- 删除
location
上的索引，因为它与将location
作为第一列的其他索引是冗余的
- 将
location\u appt\u date
上的索引替换为location\u appt\u date\u status
上的索引
ALTER TABLE patients
DROP KEY location,
DROP KEY location_appt_date,
ADD KEY location_appt_date_status (location, appt_date, status);
- 重构查询以使用
联合
而不是或
：
SELECT ... (all the columns you have) ...
FROM (
SELECT * FROM patients USE INDEX (location_appt_date_status)
WHERE location = 'XYZCompany' AND appt_date >= '2020-03-19' AND appt_date < '2020-03-20'
UNION
SELECT * FROM patients USE INDEX (location_appt_date_status)
WHERE location = 'XYZCompany' AND appt_date <= '2020-03-19' AND status < 'X'
) AS p
LEFT JOIN receivable_transactions FORCE INDEX (patient_seq)
ON p.seq = receivable_transactions.patient_seq
LEFT JOIN patients_dispatch FORCE INDEX (patient_seq)
ON p.seq = patients_dispatch.patient_seq
INNER JOIN mobile_facility FORCE INDEX (unique_index)
ON p.location = mobile_facility.location AND p.mobile_facility = mobile_facility.name
INNER JOIN mobile_facility_service_areas FORCE INDEX (PRIMARY)
ON mobile_facility.service_area = mobile_facility_service_areas.seq
GROUP BY p.seq
ORDER BY p.status, p.order_entry_status, pseudo_status, p.order_entry_status, p.lastname
选择…（您拥有的所有列）。。。
从(
从患者使用索引中选择*（位置\应用\日期\状态）
其中地点='XYZ公司'和应用日期>='2020-03-19'和应用日期<'2020-03-20'
协会
从患者使用索引中选择*（位置\应用\日期\状态）
其中location='XYZCompany'和appt_date让我重点关注对优化影响最大的部分：
FROM patients AS p
LEFT JOIN receivable_transactions AS rt ON p.seq = rt.patient_seq
LEFT JOIN patients_dispatch AS pd ON p.seq = pd.patient_seq
LEFT JOIN mobile_facility AS mf ON p.location = mf.location
AND p.mobile_facility AS mf = mf.name
LEFT JOIN mobile_facility_service_areas AS sa ON mf.service_area = sa.seq
WHERE p.location = "XYZCompany"
AND ((p.appt_date >= '2020-03-19'
AND p.appt_date <= '2020-03-19 23:59:59')
OR (p.appt_date <= '2020-03-19'
AND p.status < 'X')
)
GROUP BY p.seq DESC
ORDER BY p.status, p.order_entry_status, pseudo_status, p.order_entry_status,
p.lastname);
每个select都可以受益于患者的该综合指数
：
(location, appt_date, status)
<'X'
是有问题的，因为两个范围（appt\u date和status）不能同时有效地使用。status
的可能值是什么？如果在'X'之前只有一个值，比如'M'，那么这会更好：p.status='M'
以及另一个索引：（位置、状态、appt\u date）
选择大量内容，然后按p.seq分组
——这可能会产生奇怪的结果。（搜索仅搜索
进行更多讨论）。最好先获取患者的.seq
值（因为这就是您筛选的全部内容），然后连接到其他表。这将通过
消除分组，或者至少强制您处理要从其他每个表中提取的行
range location\u appt\u date 55 573534使用索引条件；使用where；使用临时；使用文件排序
- 55=2+50（对于varchar（50））+3（对于date）——两者都不为空
- 基于55，我想知道它是否经过了很好的优化，以至于不需要OR->UNION
- 如果您想进一步了解，“使用索引条件”在内部称为ICP（索引条件下推）
- “使用f
(location, appt_date, status)