PHP MYSQL不硬编码Limit子句的值时出错

在尝试使用通过$\u get[]检索的值时，我会获取并出错，尤其是$start和$end，我使用它们来限制结果的数量。每当我硬编码最底层代码中的值时，服务器都会毫无问题地获取结果。为什么我不能传递一个参数来限制使用PHP PDO为MySQL准备的语句

这就是我得到的错误

Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'PDOException' with message 'SQLSTATE[42000]:
Syntax error or access violation: 1064 You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ''0', '20'
                                ORDER by orders.order_placed' at line 10' in /base/data/home/apps/s~beta/1.383539951926438776/admin/get/getorderitems.php:35
Stack trace:
#0 /base/data/home/apps/s~beta/1.383539951926438776/admin/get/getorderitems.php(35): PDOStatement->execute()
#1 {main}
thrown in /base/data/home/apps/s~beta/1.383539951926438776/admin/get/getorderitems.php on line 35



<?php

error_reporting(E_ALL); ini_set('display_errors', 1);

require('../../dbconnect.php');

$stadiums_id = $_GET['stadiums_id'];
$time = $_GET['time'];
$time_12ago = $time - 43200000;  // last 12 hours
$start = 0 + $_GET['start'];  // used for limit clause
$end = $start +  20;
$page = $_GET['page'];

$json;

//  incoming order
if($page === "incoming"){
    $statement=$con->prepare('SELECT orders.*,orders_has_items.*,
                                customers.id,customers.fname,customers.lname,items.*
                                FROM orders_has_items,items,orders,customers 
                                WHERE orders.stadiums_id = :stadiums_id 
                                AND orders_has_items.items_id = items.id
                                AND orders.id = orders_has_items.orders_id
                                AND customers.id = orders.customers_id
                                AND (orders.order_prepared IS NULL) 
                                AND orders.create_time BETWEEN :time_12ago AND :time
                                ORDER by orders.order_placed
                                limit :start, :end');
    $statement->bindParam(':stadiums_id',$stadiums_id); // bind param to variable
    $statement->bindParam(':time_12ago',$time_12ago); // bind param to variable
    $statement->bindParam(':time',$time); // bind param to variable
    $statement->bindParam(':start',$start); // bind param to variable
    $statement->bindParam(':end',$end); // bind param to variable
    $statement->execute();
    $results=$statement->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
    $json=json_encode($results);
}

---

默认情况下，

bindParam（）

将参数绑定为字符串。在将值传递给bind函数之前将其强制转换为整数，并将数据类型设置为

PDO:：PARAM_INT

$statement->bindParam(':start',(int)$start, PDO::PARAM_INT)); // bind param to variable
$statement->bindParam(':end',(int)$end, PDO::PARAM_INT)); // bind param to variable

---

我想你是对的！它添加了单引号，我早些时候尝试将它转换为int，希望它能删除它们。我要试试他们的施法，看看能不能解决这个问题。谢谢你的链接！请参阅错误消息中的双引号，

“0”

？它被读取为字符串而不是INT。在我需要数据库连接文件

$dbconnect->setAttribute（PDO:：ATTR\u EMULATE\u PREPARES，false）之后，我在右上角添加了这一行这似乎工作得很完美。增加那一行有什么问题吗？
$statement->bindParam(':start',(int)$start, PDO::PARAM_INT)); // bind param to variable
$statement->bindParam(':end',(int)$end, PDO::PARAM_INT)); // bind param to variable