phpUnit无法断言null是类“的实例”；Zend\View\Model\ViewModel"；

我不熟悉phpunit测试和Zend框架。我在做一个基本测试时遇到了这个错误：

Failed asserting that null is an instance of class "Zend\View\Model\ViewModel"

我的测试如下所示：

public function testFooActionCanBeAccessed()
{
    $mockView = $this->getMockBuilder('pathTo\Model\View\MyView', 
    array('getFooView'))
                    ->disableOriginalConstructor()
                    ->getMock();

    $mockUser = $this->getMockBuilder('pathTo\Entity\User')
                    ->disableOriginalConstructor()
                    ->getMock();

    $view = new ViewModel(array());

    $mockView->expects($this->once())
            ->method('getFooView')
            ->with($mockUser)
            ->will($this->returnValue($view));

    $this->routeMatch->setParam('action', 'foo');

    $result = $this->dispatch('/mycontroller/foo');

    $response = $this->controller->getResponse();
    $this->assertEquals(200, $response->getStatusCode());

    $this->assertInstanceOf('Zend\View\Model\ViewModel', $result);

}

public function fooAction() {
    $user = $this->zfcUserAuthentication()->getIdentity();

    $myView = $this->getServiceLocator()->get('pathTo\Model\View\myView');
    $view = $myView->getFooView($user);

    return $view;
}

public function setUp()
{
        $serviceManager = Bootstrap::getServiceManager();
        $this->controller = new MyController();
        $this->request    = new Request();
        $this->response    = new Response;
        $this->routeMatch = new RouteMatch
        (array('controller' =>  'pathTo\Controller\My'));
        $this->event      = new MvcEvent();
        $config = $serviceManager->get('Config');
        $this->event->setRouteMatch($this->routeMatch);
        $this->controller->setEvent($this->event);
        $this->controller->setServiceLocator($serviceManager);
        $this->setApplicationConfig(
        include '/pathTo/config/testing.php');

        $mockAuth = $this->getMock('ZfcUser\Entity\UserInterface');

        $ZfcUserMock = $this->getMock('ZfcUser\Entity\User');  

        $ZfcUserMock->expects($this->any())
                    ->method('getId')
                    ->will($this->returnValue('1'));

        $authMock = $this->getMock('ZfcUser\Controller\Plugin\ZfcUserAuthentication');

        $authMock->expects($this->any())
                ->method('hasIdentity')
                -> will($this->returnValue(true));  

        $authMock->expects($this->any())
                ->method('getIdentity')
                ->will($this->returnValue($ZfcUserMock));

        $this->controller->getPluginManager()
        ->setService('zfcUserAuthentication', $authMock);


        $this->em = $this->getMock('EntityManager', array('persist', 'flush'));
        $this->em
            ->expects($this->any())
            ->method('persist')
            ->will($this->returnValue(true));
        $this->em
            ->expects($this->any())
            ->method('flush')
            ->will($this->returnValue(true));
        $this->doctrine = $this->getMock('Doctrine', array('getEntityManager'));
        $this->doctrine
            ->expects($this->any())
            ->method('getEntityManager')
            ->will($this->returnValue($this->em));

        parent::setUp();
}

正在测试的方法如下所示：

public function testFooActionCanBeAccessed()
{
    $mockView = $this->getMockBuilder('pathTo\Model\View\MyView', 
    array('getFooView'))
                    ->disableOriginalConstructor()
                    ->getMock();

    $mockUser = $this->getMockBuilder('pathTo\Entity\User')
                    ->disableOriginalConstructor()
                    ->getMock();

    $view = new ViewModel(array());

    $mockView->expects($this->once())
            ->method('getFooView')
            ->with($mockUser)
            ->will($this->returnValue($view));

    $this->routeMatch->setParam('action', 'foo');

    $result = $this->dispatch('/mycontroller/foo');

    $response = $this->controller->getResponse();
    $this->assertEquals(200, $response->getStatusCode());

    $this->assertInstanceOf('Zend\View\Model\ViewModel', $result);

}

public function fooAction() {
    $user = $this->zfcUserAuthentication()->getIdentity();

    $myView = $this->getServiceLocator()->get('pathTo\Model\View\myView');
    $view = $myView->getFooView($user);

    return $view;
}

public function setUp()
{
        $serviceManager = Bootstrap::getServiceManager();
        $this->controller = new MyController();
        $this->request    = new Request();
        $this->response    = new Response;
        $this->routeMatch = new RouteMatch
        (array('controller' =>  'pathTo\Controller\My'));
        $this->event      = new MvcEvent();
        $config = $serviceManager->get('Config');
        $this->event->setRouteMatch($this->routeMatch);
        $this->controller->setEvent($this->event);
        $this->controller->setServiceLocator($serviceManager);
        $this->setApplicationConfig(
        include '/pathTo/config/testing.php');

        $mockAuth = $this->getMock('ZfcUser\Entity\UserInterface');

        $ZfcUserMock = $this->getMock('ZfcUser\Entity\User');  

        $ZfcUserMock->expects($this->any())
                    ->method('getId')
                    ->will($this->returnValue('1'));

        $authMock = $this->getMock('ZfcUser\Controller\Plugin\ZfcUserAuthentication');

        $authMock->expects($this->any())
                ->method('hasIdentity')
                -> will($this->returnValue(true));  

        $authMock->expects($this->any())
                ->method('getIdentity')
                ->will($this->returnValue($ZfcUserMock));

        $this->controller->getPluginManager()
        ->setService('zfcUserAuthentication', $authMock);


        $this->em = $this->getMock('EntityManager', array('persist', 'flush'));
        $this->em
            ->expects($this->any())
            ->method('persist')
            ->will($this->returnValue(true));
        $this->em
            ->expects($this->any())
            ->method('flush')
            ->will($this->returnValue(true));
        $this->doctrine = $this->getMock('Doctrine', array('getEntityManager'));
        $this->doctrine
            ->expects($this->any())
            ->method('getEntityManager')
            ->will($this->returnValue($this->em));

        parent::setUp();
}

我的设置如下所示：

public function testFooActionCanBeAccessed()
{
    $mockView = $this->getMockBuilder('pathTo\Model\View\MyView', 
    array('getFooView'))
                    ->disableOriginalConstructor()
                    ->getMock();

    $mockUser = $this->getMockBuilder('pathTo\Entity\User')
                    ->disableOriginalConstructor()
                    ->getMock();

    $view = new ViewModel(array());

    $mockView->expects($this->once())
            ->method('getFooView')
            ->with($mockUser)
            ->will($this->returnValue($view));

    $this->routeMatch->setParam('action', 'foo');

    $result = $this->dispatch('/mycontroller/foo');

    $response = $this->controller->getResponse();
    $this->assertEquals(200, $response->getStatusCode());

    $this->assertInstanceOf('Zend\View\Model\ViewModel', $result);

}

public function fooAction() {
    $user = $this->zfcUserAuthentication()->getIdentity();

    $myView = $this->getServiceLocator()->get('pathTo\Model\View\myView');
    $view = $myView->getFooView($user);

    return $view;
}

public function setUp()
{
        $serviceManager = Bootstrap::getServiceManager();
        $this->controller = new MyController();
        $this->request    = new Request();
        $this->response    = new Response;
        $this->routeMatch = new RouteMatch
        (array('controller' =>  'pathTo\Controller\My'));
        $this->event      = new MvcEvent();
        $config = $serviceManager->get('Config');
        $this->event->setRouteMatch($this->routeMatch);
        $this->controller->setEvent($this->event);
        $this->controller->setServiceLocator($serviceManager);
        $this->setApplicationConfig(
        include '/pathTo/config/testing.php');

        $mockAuth = $this->getMock('ZfcUser\Entity\UserInterface');

        $ZfcUserMock = $this->getMock('ZfcUser\Entity\User');  

        $ZfcUserMock->expects($this->any())
                    ->method('getId')
                    ->will($this->returnValue('1'));

        $authMock = $this->getMock('ZfcUser\Controller\Plugin\ZfcUserAuthentication');

        $authMock->expects($this->any())
                ->method('hasIdentity')
                -> will($this->returnValue(true));  

        $authMock->expects($this->any())
                ->method('getIdentity')
                ->will($this->returnValue($ZfcUserMock));

        $this->controller->getPluginManager()
        ->setService('zfcUserAuthentication', $authMock);


        $this->em = $this->getMock('EntityManager', array('persist', 'flush'));
        $this->em
            ->expects($this->any())
            ->method('persist')
            ->will($this->returnValue(true));
        $this->em
            ->expects($this->any())
            ->method('flush')
            ->will($this->returnValue(true));
        $this->doctrine = $this->getMock('Doctrine', array('getEntityManager'));
        $this->doctrine
            ->expects($this->any())
            ->method('getEntityManager')
            ->will($this->returnValue($this->em));

        parent::setUp();
}

---

那么，我在这里遗漏了什么呢？

方法通过设计返回null。它只是调用页面，类似于在浏览器中查看页面时所做的操作。它不返回视图模型

在测试中，您希望检查视图中的实际内容。使用

$this->getResponse（）

并检查返回的响应的状态。响应还将有一个

getContent（）

方法，您可以使用该方法检查返回的html或json字符串，并确保在视图中显示正确的数据

将控制器测试视为在浏览器中打开页面。你会在页面上寻找什么来确保工作正常

另外：

---

在测试中，您没有在任何地方注入mockUser，因此您的测试仍将失败，因为您的

$mockView

不会像您预期的那样使用

$mockUser

调用。您需要将

with（）

参数更改为

ZfcUser\Entity\User

的实例，这是您在

设置中实际获得的
方法，或者修改测试，以便您的
$mockUser
是实际从
$this->zfcUserAuthentication（）返回的->getIdentity（）
谢谢您的回答！我用getContent检查html，现在它给了我404。你能给我举个注射的例子吗？文件可以在