Python 编写一个程序来生成日志

我的文本文件

192.168.10.20---[18/Jul/2017:08:41:37+0000]“PUT/search/tag/list HTTP/1.0”200 5042http://cooper.com/homepage/“Mozilla/5.0（X11；Linux x86_64）AppleWebKit/5342（KHTML，类似Gecko）Chrome/14.0.870.0 Safari/5342”
10.30.24.3--[18/Jul/2017:08:45:15+0000]“发布/搜索/标记/列表HTTP/1.0”200 4939http://www.cole-brown.net/category/main/list/privacy/“Mozilla/5.0（X11；Linux i686）AppleWebKit/5322（KHTML，类似Gecko）Chrome/14.0.843.0 Safari/5322”
98.5.45.3---[18/Jul/2017:08:45:49+0000]“GET/apps/cart.jsp？appID=8471 HTTP/1.0”200 4958”http://knight-chase.com/post.jsp“Mozilla/5.0（Macintosh；U；PPC Mac OS X 10_7_3；rv:1.9.6.20）Gecko/2013-11-03 17:44:01 Firefox/3.8”
94.5.6.3--[18/Jul/2017:08:48:56+0000]“获取/列出HTTP/1.0”200 4891http://thomas.com/explore/wp-content/homepage/“Mozilla/5.0（Macintosh；U；英特尔Mac OS X 10_5_4；rv:1.9.5.20）Gecko/2013-02-19 05:36:22 Firefox/3.6.15”

预期来自用户的输入： 1） 要生成的行数

2） 输出到文件或控制台

3） 在未提供程序参数时提供帮助

4） 确保程序生成的行数为该程序用户输入的行数。（想想大数字）

python3 test.py--帮助（它应该显示帮助选项）

python3test.py-n20型控制台（它应该打印登录控制台）

python3 test.py-N 10-type log-name abc.log（它应该在文件中打印日志）

我的Psedo代码

 import sys
 from itertools import islice

 args = sys.argv
 print (args)
 #['file.py', 'datafile', '-N', '10']
 if args[1] == '-h':
     print ("-N for printing the number of lines: python file.py datafile -N 10")
 if args[2] == '-N':
     datafile = args[1]
     number = int(args[3])
     with open(datafile) as myfile:
         head = list(islice(myfile, number))
         head = [item.strip() for item in head]
         print (head)
         print ('\n'.join(head))

---

有没有比这更好的方法呢，比如传递参数，对于命令行参数，使用Python标准库：

---

如果未指定输出文件，此程序将默认在控制台中打印行

def parsing_arguments():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter,
                                     description="""Write what your tool is doing here""")
    parser.add_argument("-n",
                        "--number_of_lines",
                        type=int,
                        help="Number of line to be generated",
                        required=True)
    parser.add_argument("-o",
                        "--output_file",
                        default=None,
                        help="output file used for saving logs")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    output_to_console = args.output_file is None 

    return {"number_of_lines": args.number_of_lines,
            "output_file": args.output_file
            "output_to_console":args.output_to_console}

def line_generator_function(number_of_lines,output_file,output_to_console):
    lines = ... # custom logic here # assuming that lines is a list of strings 
    if output_to_console is True:
        print(*lines, sep="\n")
    else:
        with open(output_file, "wt") as out:
            print(*lines, sep="\n", file=out)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    arguments = line_generator_function()
    line_generator_function(**arguments)

argparse会自动提供--帮助。它将打印主说明和提供给参数说明的帮助。它被称为，没有任何参数。

---

如果您需要dekstop GUI，您可以检查此工具

请参考此问题：您可以准备

INI

或

YAML

文件，并用它们控制程序。当然，参数必须以某种方式从控制台传递到程序。因此，通过辩论是不可避免的。但是，有些库可以处理这些用户输入的进一步处理。我立刻想到了三种能很好地处理解析参数的工具：，和。

def parsing_arguments():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter,
                                     description="""Write what your tool is doing here""")
    parser.add_argument("-n",
                        "--number_of_lines",
                        type=int,
                        help="Number of line to be generated",
                        required=True)
    parser.add_argument("-o",
                        "--output_file",
                        default=None,
                        help="output file used for saving logs")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    output_to_console = args.output_file is None 

    return {"number_of_lines": args.number_of_lines,
            "output_file": args.output_file
            "output_to_console":args.output_to_console}

def line_generator_function(number_of_lines,output_file,output_to_console):
    lines = ... # custom logic here # assuming that lines is a list of strings 
    if output_to_console is True:
        print(*lines, sep="\n")
    else:
        with open(output_file, "wt") as out:
            print(*lines, sep="\n", file=out)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    arguments = line_generator_function()
    line_generator_function(**arguments)