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ValueError:在Python中使用序列设置数组元素

python arrays numpy

ValueError:在Python中使用序列设置数组元素,python,arrays,numpy,softmax,Python,Arrays,Numpy,Softmax,首先，这是我的代码： """Softmax.""" scores = [3.0, 1.0, 0.2] import numpy as np def softmax(x): """Compute softmax values for each sets of scores in x.""" num = np.exp(x) score_len = len(x) y = np.array([0]*score_len) sum_n = np.sum(num)

首先，这是我的代码：

"""Softmax."""

scores = [3.0, 1.0, 0.2]

import numpy as np

def softmax(x):
    """Compute softmax values for each sets of scores in x."""
    num = np.exp(x)
    score_len = len(x)
    y = np.array([0]*score_len)
    sum_n = np.sum(num)
    #print sum_n
    for index in range(1,score_len):
        y[index] = (num[index])/sum_n
    return y

print(softmax(scores))
错误出现在以下行：

y[index]=（num[index]）/sum\n

我使用以下命令运行代码：

# Plot softmax curves
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(-2.0, 6.0, 0.1)
scores = np.vstack([x, np.ones_like(x), 0.2 * np.ones_like(x)])

plt.plot(x, softmax(scores).T, linewidth=2)
plt.show()
这里到底出了什么问题

只需将
打印
语句编辑为“调试器”即可显示所发生的情况：


import numpy as np

def softmax(x):
    """Compute softmax values for each sets of scores in x."""
    num = np.exp(x)
    score_len = len(x)
    y = np.array([0]*score_len)
    sum_n = np.sum(num)
    #print sum_n
    for index in range(1,score_len):
        print((num[index])/sum_n)
        y[index] = (num[index])/sum_n
    return y

x = np.arange(-2.0, 6.0, 0.1)
scores = np.vstack([x, np.ones_like(x), 0.2 * np.ones_like(x)])
softmax(scores).T


这张照片


[ 0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504
  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504
  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504
  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504
  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504
  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504
  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504
  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504
  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504
  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504
  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504
  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504
  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504  0.00065504
  0.00065504  0.00065504]


因此，您正在尝试将此数组分配给另一个数组的一个元素。这是不允许的

有几种方法可以使它工作。只是改变


y = np.array([0]*score_len)


要创建多维数组，请执行以下操作：


y = np.zeros(score.shape)


这应该可以，但我不确定这是否是你想要的



编辑：


[0.8360188027814407 0.11314284146556011 0.050838355752999158]

[ array([  3.26123038e-05,   3.60421698e-05,   3.98327578e-05,
         4.40220056e-05,   4.86518403e-05,   5.37685990e-05,
         5.94234919e-05,   6.56731151e-05,   7.25800169e-05,
         8.02133239e-05,   8.86494329e-05,   9.79727751e-05,
         1.08276662e-04,   1.19664218e-04,   1.32249413e-04,
         1.46158206e-04,   1.61529798e-04,   1.78518035e-04,
         1.97292941e-04,   2.18042421e-04,   2.40974142e-04,
         2.66317614e-04,   2.94326482e-04,   3.25281069e-04,
         3.59491177e-04,   3.97299194e-04,   4.39083515e-04,
         4.85262332e-04,   5.36297817e-04,   5.92700751e-04,
         6.55035633e-04,   7.23926331e-04,   8.00062328e-04,
         8.84205618e-04,   9.77198335e-04,   1.07997118e-03,
         1.19355274e-03,   1.31907978e-03,   1.45780861e-03,
         1.61112768e-03,   1.78057146e-03,   1.96783579e-03,
         2.17479489e-03,   2.40352006e-03,   2.65630048e-03,
         2.93566604e-03,   3.24441273e-03,   3.58563059e-03,
         3.96273465e-03,   4.37949910e-03,   4.84009504e-03,
         5.34913227e-03,   5.91170543e-03,   6.53344491e-03,
         7.22057331e-03,   7.97996764e-03,   8.81922816e-03,
         9.74675448e-03,   1.07718296e-02,   1.19047128e-02,
         1.31567424e-02,   1.45404491e-02,   1.60696814e-02,
         1.77597446e-02,   1.96275532e-02,   2.16918010e-02,
         2.39731477e-02,   2.64944256e-02,   2.92808687e-02,
         3.23603645e-02,   3.57637337e-02,   3.95250385e-02,
         4.36819230e-02,   4.82759910e-02,   5.33532213e-02,
         5.89644285e-02,   6.51657716e-02,   7.20193157e-02,
         7.95936532e-02,   8.79645908e-02])
 array([ 0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504])
 array([ 0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433])]


您似乎不需要多维输入，因此只需更改：


scores = np.vstack([x, np.ones_like(x), 0.2 * np.ones_like(x)])


到


通过打印
分数来验证这些数组的形状。形状
确实有助于您自己发现此类错误。第一个沿第一个轴（vstack）堆叠，第零个轴（这是您想要的）
这是一种初始化数组的糟糕方式：


y = np.array([0]*score_len)


最好像这样做


y = np.zeros((n,m))


其中，
n
和
m
是最终产品的两个维度。根据你的另一个问题，我假设你希望
y
是2d（毕竟你在之后对它做了
.T
）

注意传递给函数的
分数的形状。迭代时，包括
：
。它可以是可选的，但您需要它来在自己的头脑中保持维度的清晰：


y[index,:] = (num[index,:])/sum_n



总之-重点了解如何使用多维数组-如何创建多维数组，如何为多维数组编制索引，如何在不进行迭代的情况下使用多维数组，以及如何在需要时正确进行迭代。
这应能完美快速地工作。


scores = [3.0, 1.0, 0.2]

import numpy as np


def softmax(x):

    num = np.exp(x)
    score_len = len(x)

    y = np.zeros(score_len, object) # or => np.asarray([None]*score_len)
    sum_n = np.sum(num)

    for i in range(score_len):
        y[i] = num[i] / sum_n

    return y


print(softmax(scores))

x = np.arange(-2.0, 6.0, 0.1)
scores = np.vstack([x, np.ones_like(x), 0.2 * np.ones_like(x)])

printout = softmax(scores).T

print(printout)


输出：


[0.8360188027814407 0.11314284146556011 0.050838355752999158]

[ array([  3.26123038e-05,   3.60421698e-05,   3.98327578e-05,
         4.40220056e-05,   4.86518403e-05,   5.37685990e-05,
         5.94234919e-05,   6.56731151e-05,   7.25800169e-05,
         8.02133239e-05,   8.86494329e-05,   9.79727751e-05,
         1.08276662e-04,   1.19664218e-04,   1.32249413e-04,
         1.46158206e-04,   1.61529798e-04,   1.78518035e-04,
         1.97292941e-04,   2.18042421e-04,   2.40974142e-04,
         2.66317614e-04,   2.94326482e-04,   3.25281069e-04,
         3.59491177e-04,   3.97299194e-04,   4.39083515e-04,
         4.85262332e-04,   5.36297817e-04,   5.92700751e-04,
         6.55035633e-04,   7.23926331e-04,   8.00062328e-04,
         8.84205618e-04,   9.77198335e-04,   1.07997118e-03,
         1.19355274e-03,   1.31907978e-03,   1.45780861e-03,
         1.61112768e-03,   1.78057146e-03,   1.96783579e-03,
         2.17479489e-03,   2.40352006e-03,   2.65630048e-03,
         2.93566604e-03,   3.24441273e-03,   3.58563059e-03,
         3.96273465e-03,   4.37949910e-03,   4.84009504e-03,
         5.34913227e-03,   5.91170543e-03,   6.53344491e-03,
         7.22057331e-03,   7.97996764e-03,   8.81922816e-03,
         9.74675448e-03,   1.07718296e-02,   1.19047128e-02,
         1.31567424e-02,   1.45404491e-02,   1.60696814e-02,
         1.77597446e-02,   1.96275532e-02,   2.16918010e-02,
         2.39731477e-02,   2.64944256e-02,   2.92808687e-02,
         3.23603645e-02,   3.57637337e-02,   3.95250385e-02,
         4.36819230e-02,   4.82759910e-02,   5.33532213e-02,
         5.89644285e-02,   6.51657716e-02,   7.20193157e-02,
         7.95936532e-02,   8.79645908e-02])
 array([ 0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,
        0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504,  0.00065504])
 array([ 0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,
        0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433,  0.00029433])]



数组构造中的不一致可能会导致这种问题
e、 g


这是一个糟糕的示例数组。
是否尝试调试它？错误非常明显…@mseifer调试它是什么意思？如果查看传递给softmax的值，错误会变得非常严重obvious@SharanDuggirala-例如，我只想要一个单数
num[index]
应该是一个数字，
sum\n
也是一个数字。为什么这个部门会导致如此庞大的阵列？编辑了答案。我认为您使用了
vstack
其中
hstack
更合适。从一开始，
np.exp（）
对列表做了什么？我想要一个列表，它返回列表中每个元素的
exp（）
。我暗示了好几次，我会再做一次：使用
print
语句，自己找出答案！此外，在迭代过程中扩展问题的性质也有点令人不快。如果您有任何其他问题，请打开另一个问题（但首先搜索谷歌）。

[[1,2,3,4], [2,3], [1],[1,2,3,4]]