Python 如何解决PyTest中的过时元素异常

在下面的测试中，我点击上面的每张卡片，看看标题文本是否匹配。我遇到了一个StaleElementReferenceException，我的假设是，

Internications

变量在单击卡片后变得过时，即使我使用

self.driver.back（）

返回到我单击的页面

这类问题是否有解决办法？或者我需要为每张卡创建单独的测试吗？如果是这样的话，PyTest是否有一个内置模块，允许我们轻松创建单独的测试

def test_internship_links(self):
    num_title_mismatch = 0
    title_mismatches = {}
    internships_xpath = (
        "//div[@id='related_projects']//div[@class='project-description']/h3"
    )
    internships = self.driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, internships_xpath)
    for internship in internships:
        outer_title = internship.text
        internship.click()
        inner_title = self.driver.find_element(
            By.XPATH, "//div[@class='primary']//h1"
        ).text
        if inner_title != outer_title:
            num_title_mismatch += 1
            title_mismatches[outer_title] = inner_title
        self.driver.back()
    assert (
        num_title_mismatch == 0
    ), f"\n{num_title_mismatch} title mismatch(es) found:\n{title_mismatches}"

错误回溯：

________________________________________________________________________ TestSearchInterships.test_internship_links ________________________________________________________________________

self = <test_search_internships.TestSearchInterships object at 0x1081bfe90>

    def test_internship_links(self):
        num_title_mismatch = 0
        title_mismatches = {}
        internships_xpath = (
            "//div[@id='related_projects']//div[@class='project-description']/h3"
        )
        internships = self.driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, internships_xpath)
        for internship in internships:
>           outer_title = internship.text

tests/test_search_internships.py:41: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
../../../.local/share/virtualenvs/converge-testing-PXQ7_xev/lib/python3.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webelement.py:81: in text
    return self._execute(Command.GET_ELEMENT_TEXT)['value']
../../../.local/share/virtualenvs/converge-testing-PXQ7_xev/lib/python3.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webelement.py:693: in _execute
    return self._parent.execute(command, params)
../../../.local/share/virtualenvs/converge-testing-PXQ7_xev/lib/python3.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py:338: in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

\uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu________________________________________________________________________
自我=
def测试实习链接（自我）：
num\u title\u不匹配=0
标题_不匹配={}
实习(实习)(
“//div[@id='related_projects']//div[@class='project-description']/h3”
)
interniships=self.driver.find_元素（By.XPATH，interniships_XPATH）
对于实习中的实习：
>外部标题=实习.text
测试/测试搜索实习。py:41：
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
../../...local/share/virtualenvs/converge-testing-PXQ7_xev/lib/python3.7/site packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webelement.py:81:文本格式
返回self.\u执行（Command.GET\u元素\u文本）['value']
../../...local/share/virtualenvs/converge-testing-PXQ7_xev/lib/python3.7/site packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webelement.py:693:in
返回self.\u parent.execute（命令，参数）
../../...local/share/virtualenvs/converge-testing-PXQ7_xev/lib/python3.7/site packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py:338:in execute
self.error\u handler.check\u响应（响应）
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

如果页面上的DOM（文档对象模型）操作暂时导致元素无法访问，则可能会发生此问题

我可以为您的问题找到两种可能的解决方法

1） 不要使用

self.driver.back（）

返回页面，您可以再次导航到该链接。e、 g.：

driver.get（'your_url'）

2） 在最终引发异常之前，可以尝试在循环中多次访问该元素。您可以查看Darrel Grainger的解决方案

---

如果我有帮助，请给我竖起大拇指=）

计算元素的数量，使用范围而不是循环元素本身，这对我来说很有帮助。下面是工作代码

def test_internship_links(self):
    num_title_mismatch, title_mismatches = 0, {}
    internships = self.driver.find_elements(
        By.XPATH, "//div[@id='related_projects']//a"
    )
    # xpath is indexed from 1, not 0
    for int_num in range(1, len(internships) + 1):
        internship_xpath = f"//div[@id='related_projects']//a[{int_num}]//div[@class='project-description']//h3"
        internship = self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, internship_xpath)
        outer_title = internship.text
        internship.click()
        inner_title_xpath = "//div[@class='primary']//h1"
        inner_title = self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, inner_title_xpath).text
        if inner_title != outer_title:
            num_title_mismatch += 1
            title_mismatches[outer_title] = inner_title
        self.driver.back()
    assert_str = (
        f"\n{num_title_mismatch} title mismatch(es) found:\n{title_mismatches}"
    )
    assert num_title_mismatch == 0, assert_string

---

请将完整的错误回溯添加到您的问题。上面添加了感谢，但建议的解决方法都没有解决StaleElementReferenceException错误