Python '；dict#u键'；对象不支持索引

我正在用学习Python的艰苦方法学习Python，当我运行以下作为示例提供的代码时，我遇到了

“dict_keys”对象不支持索引错误

：

import random
from urllib.request import urlopen
import sys

WORD_URL = "http://learncodethehardway.org/words.txt"
WORDS = []

PHRASES = {
    "class %%%(%%%):":
      "Make a class named %%% that is-a %%%.",
    "class %%%(object):\n\tdef __init__(self, ***)" :
      "class %%% has-a __init__ that takes self and *** parameters.",
    "class %%%(object):\n\tdef ***(self, @@@)":
      "class %%% has-a function named *** that takes self and @@@ parameters.",
    "*** = %%%()":
      "Set *** to an instance of class %%%.",
    "***.***(@@@)":
      "From *** get the *** function, and call it with parameters self, @@@.",
    "***.*** = '***'":
      "From *** get the *** attribute and set it to '***'."
}

# do they want to drill phrases first
if len(sys.argv) == 2 and sys.argv[1] == "english":
    PHRASE_FIRST = True
else:
    PHRASE_FIRST = False

# load up the words from the website
for word in urlopen(WORD_URL).readlines():
    WORDS.append(word.strip())


def convert(snippet, phrase):
    class_names = [w.capitalize() for w in
                   random.sample(WORDS, snippet.count("%%%"))]
    other_names = random.sample(WORDS, snippet.count("***"))
    results = []
    param_names = []

    for i in range(0, snippet.count("@@@")):
        param_count = random.randint(1,3)
        param_names.append(', '.join(random.sample(WORDS, param_count)))

    for sentence in snippet, phrase:
        result = sentence[:]

        # fake class names
        for word in class_names:
            result = result.replace("%%%", word, 1)

        # fake other names
        for word in other_names:
            result = result.replace("***", word, 1)

        # fake parameter lists
        for word in param_names:
            result = result.replace("@@@", word, 1)

        results.append(result)

    return results


# keep going until they hit CTRL-D
try:
    while True:
        snippets = PHRASES.keys()
        random.shuffle(snippets)

        for snippet in snippets:
            phrase = PHRASES[snippet]
            question, answer = convert(snippet, phrase)
            if PHRASE_FIRST:
                question = list(answer)
                answer = list(question)

            print(question)

            input("> ")
            print("ANSWER:  %s\n\n" % answer)
except EOFError:
    print("\nBye")

这段代码是为Python2.x编写的，我使用的是Python3.5。我看到了以下帖子，但无法将解决方案转换为上述内容：。非常感谢您的帮助。

请尝试更换此设备

snippets=PHRASES.keys（）

用这个

snippets=list（PHRASES.keys（））

---

正如在您提供的链接中所说，

dict.keys（）

在Python3中不返回列表。

因此您需要注意Python2.X和Python3.5.X之间有一些区别

来自@jprokbelly的答案将为您提供部分帮助，但您还需要修改

convert

函数中的代码，因为

urlopen

来自

urllib.request

的

urlopen

将返回字节流而不是字符串，这将导致错误消息：

TypeError: Can't convert 'bytes' object to str implicitly

因此，如果您想在Python3.5.x中使用这段代码，那么您至少需要做两件事

将

snippets=PHRASES.keys（）

更改为

snippets=list（PHRASES.keys（）]

将

convert

方法的开头更改为：

def convert(snippet, phrase):
    class_names = [w.capitalize() for w in random.sample(WORDS, snippet.count("%%%"))]
    other_names = random.sample(WORDS, snippet.count("***"))
    class_names = [name.decode('UTF-8') for name in class_names]
    other_names = [name.decode('UTF-8') for name in other_names]

您的另一个选择是将开发环境设置为使用virtualenv并在Python 2.7.x中运行代码。

这里有两个问题（在其他答案中提到），因为字符串/字节类型的处理不同（影响3行代码）和对象的索引不同（影响1行）在Python 2和3中。在完成调整（在4行代码中）后，以下运行正常：

import random
from urllib.request import urlopen
import sys

WORD_URL = "http://learncodethehardway.org/words.txt"
WORDS = []

PHRASES = {
    "class %%%(%%%):":
      "Make a class named %%% that is-a %%%.",
    "class %%%(object):\n\tdef __init__(self, ***)" :
      "class %%% has-a __init__ that takes self and *** parameters.",
    "class %%%(object):\n\tdef ***(self, @@@)":
      "class %%% has-a function named *** that takes self and @@@ parameters.",
    "*** = %%%()":
      "Set *** to an instance of class %%%.",
    "***.***(@@@)":
      "From *** get the *** function, and call it with parameters self, @@@.",
    "***.*** = '***'":
      "From *** get the *** attribute and set it to '***'."
}

# do they want to drill phrases first
if len(sys.argv) == 2 and sys.argv[1] == "english":
    PHRASE_FIRST = True
else:
    PHRASE_FIRST = False

# load up the words from the website
for word in urlopen(WORD_URL).readlines():
    WORDS.append(word.strip())


def convert(snippet, phrase):
    class_names = [w.capitalize() for w in
                   random.sample(WORDS, snippet.count("%%%"))]
    other_names = random.sample(WORDS, snippet.count("***"))
    results = []
    param_names = []

    for i in range(0, snippet.count("@@@")):
        param_count = random.randint(1,3)
        param_names.append(', '.join(random.sample(str(WORDS), param_count)))

    for sentence in snippet, phrase:
        result = sentence[:]
        # print(type(result))

        # fake class names
        for word in class_names:
            # print(type(word))
            result = result.replace("%%%", word.decode("utf-8"), 1)

        # fake other names
        for word in other_names:
            result = result.replace("***", word.decode("utf-8"), 1)

        # fake parameter lists
        for word in param_names:
            result = result.replace("@@@", word.decode("utf-8"), 1)

        results.append(result)

    return results


# keep going until they hit CTRL-D
try:
    while True:
        for i, item in enumerate(PHRASES.keys()): 
          print(i, "###", item)

        snippets = list(PHRASES.keys())
        random.shuffle(snippets)

        for snippet in snippets:
            phrase = PHRASES[snippet]
            question, answer = convert(snippet, phrase)
            if PHRASE_FIRST:
                question = list(answer)
                answer = list(question)

            print(question)

            input("> ")
            print("ANSWER:  %s\n\n" % answer)
except EOFError:
    print("\nBye")

---

您是否愿意从给出的答案中接受答案，以便任何访问您的问题（甚至在访问之前）的人都能看到问题已经解决？