Python字典-调用定义_Python_Function_Dictionary_Key_Definition

Python字典-调用定义

python function dictionary

Python字典-调用定义,python,function,dictionary,key,definition,Python,Function,Dictionary,Key,Definition,因此，我的目标是拿出三本字典，以这种格式打印出来：姓名：“姓名” 作业：“名单平均数” 测验：“名单平均数” 测试：“列表的平均值” 我把这三本字典都列在一个列表里，我很难找到它们。我想一步一步地走因此，在查看此代码之后： lloyd = { "name": "Lloyd", "homework": [90.0, 97.0, 75.0, 92.0], "quizzes": [88.0, 40.0, 94.0], "tests": [75.0, 90.0] }

因此，我的目标是拿出三本字典，以这种格式打印出来：

姓名：“姓名”

作业：“名单平均数”

测验：“名单平均数”

测试：“列表的平均值”

我把这三本字典都列在一个列表里，我很难找到它们。我想一步一步地走

因此，在查看此代码之后：

lloyd = {
    "name": "Lloyd",
    "homework": [90.0, 97.0, 75.0, 92.0],
    "quizzes": [88.0, 40.0, 94.0],
    "tests": [75.0, 90.0]
}
alice = {
    "name": "Alice",
    "homework": [100.0, 92.0, 98.0, 100.0],
    "quizzes": [82.0, 83.0, 91.0],
    "tests": [89.0, 97.0]
}
tyler = {
    "name": "Tyler",
    "homework": [0.0, 87.0, 75.0, 22.0],
    "quizzes": [0.0, 75.0, 78.0],
    "tests": [100.0, 100.0]
}

students = [lloyd,alice,tyler]

def compute_grades(ourstudents):
    for student in ourstudents:
        print "Name: " + student["name"]
        print "Homework: ", sum(student["homework"]) / len(student["homework"])
        print "Quizzes: ", sum(student["quizzes"]) / len(student["quizzes"])
        print "Tests: ", sum(student["tests"]) / len(student["tests"])

compute_grades(students)

有没有一种方法我可以只做一个基本的检查，这样就可以在任何字典上使用

例如

键定义是字符串吗？如果是，请打印出来

关键定义是列表吗？如果是，请运行此平均功能并打印结果

我基本上只是想将硬编码最小化，并提出一个更优雅的解决方案。感谢您的帮助

您可以这样做，但是根本没有错误检查或密钥排序：

lloyd = {
    "name": "Lloyd",
    "homework": [90.0, 97.0, 75.0, 92.0],
    "quizzes": [88.0, 40.0, 94.0],
    "tests": [75.0, 90.0]
}
alice = {
    "name": "Alice",
    "homework": [100.0, 92.0, 98.0, 100.0],
    "quizzes": [82.0, 83.0, 91.0],
    "tests": [89.0, 97.0]
}
tyler = {
    "name": "Tyler",
    "homework": [0.0, 87.0, 75.0, 22.0],
    "quizzes": [0.0, 75.0, 78.0],
    "tests": [100.0, 100.0]
}

students = [lloyd,alice,tyler]

def average(data):
    return sum(data) / float(len(data))

def compute_grades(students):
    for student in students:
        print('-'*23)
        for key, value in student.items():
            if isinstance(value, str):
                formatted_value = value
            else:
                formatted_value = average(value)
            print("%s: %s" % (key.title(), formatted_value))

compute_grades(students)

你可以把它包在试抓块里

def compute_grades(ourstudents):
    for student in ourstudents:
        for field, value in student.items():
            try:
                average=sum(value)/float(len(value))
                print "{0}: {1}".format(field.title(), average)
            except TypeError:
                print "{0}: {1}".format(field.title(), value)

这似乎完美无瑕：

lloyd = {
    "name": "Lloyd",
    "performance": [16.0, 19.0, 25.0, 14.4, 24.5, 16.2],
    "homework": [90.0, 97.0, 75.0, 92.0],
    "quizzes": [88.0, 40.0, 94.0],
    "tests": [75.0, 90.0]
}
alice = {
    "name": "Alice",
    "extra_credit": "OVER 9000!!!!",
    "research": [16, 24, 56, 78, 23],
    "missed_days": [1, 1, 2, 1],
    "homework": [100.0, 92.0, 98.0, 100.0],
    "quizzes": [82.0, 83.0, 91.0],
    "tests": [89.0, 97.0]
}
tyler = {
    "name": "Tyler",
    "homework": [0.0, 87.0, 75.0, 22.0],
    "quizzes": [0.0, 75.0, 78.0],
    "tests": [100.0, 100.0]
}

students = [lloyd,alice,tyler]
def average(data):
    return sum(data) / float(len(data))
def compute_grades(students):
    for student in students:
        print "-" * 15
        print student["name"]
        for key in student.keys():
            if isinstance(student[key], str):
                key_value = student[key]
            else:
                key_value = average(student[key])
            if key != "name":
                print("%s: %s" % (key.title(), key_value))
compute_grades(students)

lloyd = {
    "name": "Lloyd",
    "performance": [16.0, 19.0, 25.0, 14.4, 24.5, 16.2],
    "homework": [90.0, 97.0, 75.0, 92.0],
    "quizzes": [88.0, 40.0, 94.0],
    "tests": [75.0, 90.0]
}
alice = {
    "name": "Alice",
    "extra_credit": "OVER 9000!!!!",
    "research": [16, 24, 56, 78, 23],
    "missed_days": [1, 1, 2, 1],
    "homework": [100.0, 92.0, 98.0, 100.0],
    "quizzes": [82.0, 83.0, 91.0],
    "tests": [89.0, 97.0]
}
tyler = {
    "name": "Tyler",
    "homework": [0.0, 87.0, 75.0, 22.0],
    "quizzes": [0.0, 75.0, 78.0],
    "tests": [100.0, 100.0]
}

students = [lloyd,alice,tyler]
def average(data):
    return sum(data) / float(len(data))
def compute_grades(ourstudents):
    for student in ourstudents:
        print "-" * 15
        print student["name"]
        for field, value in student.items():
            try:
                average=sum(value)/float(len(value))
                print "{0}: {1}".format(field.title(), average)
            except TypeError:
                pass
compute_grades(students)

基于@septi输入和随机额外信息的测试，这似乎是完美的：

lloyd = {
    "name": "Lloyd",
    "performance": [16.0, 19.0, 25.0, 14.4, 24.5, 16.2],
    "homework": [90.0, 97.0, 75.0, 92.0],
    "quizzes": [88.0, 40.0, 94.0],
    "tests": [75.0, 90.0]
}
alice = {
    "name": "Alice",
    "extra_credit": "OVER 9000!!!!",
    "research": [16, 24, 56, 78, 23],
    "missed_days": [1, 1, 2, 1],
    "homework": [100.0, 92.0, 98.0, 100.0],
    "quizzes": [82.0, 83.0, 91.0],
    "tests": [89.0, 97.0]
}
tyler = {
    "name": "Tyler",
    "homework": [0.0, 87.0, 75.0, 22.0],
    "quizzes": [0.0, 75.0, 78.0],
    "tests": [100.0, 100.0]
}

students = [lloyd,alice,tyler]
def average(data):
    return sum(data) / float(len(data))
def compute_grades(students):
    for student in students:
        print "-" * 15
        print student["name"]
        for key in student.keys():
            if isinstance(student[key], str):
                key_value = student[key]
            else:
                key_value = average(student[key])
            if key != "name":
                print("%s: %s" % (key.title(), key_value))
compute_grades(students)

lloyd = {
    "name": "Lloyd",
    "performance": [16.0, 19.0, 25.0, 14.4, 24.5, 16.2],
    "homework": [90.0, 97.0, 75.0, 92.0],
    "quizzes": [88.0, 40.0, 94.0],
    "tests": [75.0, 90.0]
}
alice = {
    "name": "Alice",
    "extra_credit": "OVER 9000!!!!",
    "research": [16, 24, 56, 78, 23],
    "missed_days": [1, 1, 2, 1],
    "homework": [100.0, 92.0, 98.0, 100.0],
    "quizzes": [82.0, 83.0, 91.0],
    "tests": [89.0, 97.0]
}
tyler = {
    "name": "Tyler",
    "homework": [0.0, 87.0, 75.0, 22.0],
    "quizzes": [0.0, 75.0, 78.0],
    "tests": [100.0, 100.0]
}

students = [lloyd,alice,tyler]
def average(data):
    return sum(data) / float(len(data))
def compute_grades(ourstudents):
    for student in ourstudents:
        print "-" * 15
        print student["name"]
        for field, value in student.items():
            try:
                average=sum(value)/float(len(value))
                print "{0}: {1}".format(field.title(), average)
            except TypeError:
                pass
compute_grades(students)

基于@Kurtis输入和随机额外信息测试

len（）

返回一个整数，您将遭受整数除法（舍入）。你觉得这样行吗？如果不这样做：

float（len（item[“homography”]））

，然后将其转换为字符串。我正在尝试更大的思考，除了在字典中之外，不必定义“homography”或“tests”或“name”。打印时，您不必将所有内容转换为字符串并将其全部添加到一起。您可以编写

print'作业：'，123

，而不是

print'作业：'+str（123）

。只需给print一些用逗号分隔的项目，它就会将所有内容转换为字符串，并自动在项目之间添加空格。那么为什么不使用

Dictionary.keys（）

？此外，列表不能是字典中的键（只是尝试了一下）。文档中说：

字典是由键索引的，键可以是任何不可变的类型；字符串和数字始终可以是键。

。所以我认为你不必担心这一点。只是一个风格评论：我不会在我们的学生：中为项目编写

，而是在我们的学生：

中为学生编写

。这样，您就不必在代码后面猜测项是什么。在类似的情况下使用单数和复数确实有助于提高可读性，例如，对于行中的行：…
。先生，您完美地回答了我的问题。我想知道如何将所有内容都设置为变量，这样我就可以将任何字典传递给它。。。做得很好-甚至不需要解释。好极了！我会添加一个排序的student.keys（），因为顺序是不可预测的，否则就不客气了，Nicholas，尽管代码远不是优雅的；-）但它提供了一个可能的轮廓@XavierCombelle当然，还有更多需要调整的地方，正如我在帖子的第一行提到的（根据错误检查和排序）。非常有趣。。。我没有太多的时间来玩try-and-except，但它似乎是一个优雅的解决方案，可以解决我想要完成的任务。回答得好！我必须对此做更多的研究：-选择我已经接受的答案，不接受它而接受你的答案？好吧，doneOh，奇怪。。。老实说，我不知道那里发生了什么。我看到这里有些警觉。让我来修一下：-）我道歉。