如何将大型python项目转换为exe文件?

如何将大型python项目转换为exe文件?,python,Python,我有一个Python Qt GUI,它使用以下模块: “Numpy、scipy、matplotlib base、netcdf4、cartopy、xarray、pytest、gdal、cycler、dateutil、kiwisolver、枕头、pyparsing、tk、PyQt5、pycairo、tornado、proj4、geos” 这个项目有许多组件和插件。它通过python正常工作,但我想将其转换为“一个文件exe”,并在其他系统中轻松运行。我尝试了pyinstaller,当我运行exe文件

我有一个Python Qt GUI,它使用以下模块: “Numpy、scipy、matplotlib base、netcdf4、cartopy、xarray、pytest、gdal、cycler、dateutil、kiwisolver、枕头、pyparsing、tk、PyQt5、pycairo、tornado、proj4、geos”

这个项目有许多组件和插件。它通过python正常工作,但我想将其转换为“一个文件exe”,并在其他系统中轻松运行。我尝试了pyinstaller,当我运行exe文件时,它正在运行,但没有打开任何窗口。对于如何使用模块将项目正确转换为exe,或者如何将模块添加到下面的setup.py,您有什么建议吗

编辑:尝试了cx冻结,成功创建了exe文件,但打开后立即关闭。我可以在终端上运行这个文件,没有任何问题

这是我的setup.py:

def configuration(parent_package='', top_path=None):
 from numpy.distutils.misc_util import Configuration
 config = Configuration('rd1project', parent_package, top_path)
 config.add_subpackage('core')
 config.add_subpackage('components')
 config.add_subpackage('plugins')
 config.add_subpackage('scripts')
 config.add_subpackage('components.corrections')
 config.add_subpackage('icons')
 config.add_data_dir('icons')

return config

if __name__ == '__main__':
   from numpy.distutils.core import setup
   setup(**configuration(top_path='').todict())
这是我的主页.py:

import sys
import os

path = os.path.dirname(sys.modules[__name__].__file__)
path = os.path.join(path, '..')
sys.path.insert(0, path)

import artview
try:
    from version import profiling
except:
    profiling = False


def main(argv):
    if profiling:
        import cProfile, pstats
        pr = cProfile.Profile()
        pr.enable()

    script, DirIn, filename, field = artview.parser.parse(argv)

    if script:
        artview.scripts.scripts[script](DirIn, filename, field)
    else:
        artview.run(DirIn, filename, field)

    if profiling:
        pr.disable()
        stream = open('profile.txt', 'w')
        ps = pstats.Stats(pr, stream=stream).sort_stats('cumulative')
        ps.print_stats('artview')
        stream.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main(sys.argv)
我尝试pyinstaller,exe文件正在运行,但在检测到windows显示“无法执行脚本main”的致命错误后,没有打开任何窗口

pyinstaller--onefile--noconsolemain.py

输出:

1176 INFO: PyInstaller: 4.2
1176 INFO: Python: 3.8.5 (conda)
1177 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0
1178 INFO: wrote C:\Users\PC\pyinstaller\artview\__main__.spec
1182 INFO: UPX is not available.
1197 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
['C:\\Users\\PC\\pyinstaller', 'C:\\Users\\PC\\pyinstaller\\artview']
1221 INFO: checking Analysis
1221 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent
1222 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
1227 INFO: Caching module graph hooks...
1234 WARNING: Several hooks defined for module 'win32ctypes.core'. Please take care they do not conflict.
1238 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...
3545 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook distutils from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\pre_find_module_path\\hook-distutils.py'.
3546 INFO: distutils: retargeting to non-venv dir 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib'
6501 INFO: Caching module dependency graph...
6643 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc
6656 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable
  required by C:\Users\PC\anaconda3\python.exe
6746 INFO: Analyzing C:\Users\PC\pyinstaller\artview\__main__.py
10909 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook setuptools.extern.six.moves from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\pre_safe_import_module\\hook-setuptools.extern.six.moves.py'.
11420 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook site from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\pre_find_module_path\\hook-site.py'.
11421 INFO: site: retargeting to fake-dir 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\fake-modules'
14977 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook six.moves from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\pre_safe_import_module\\hook-six.moves.py'.
20666 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook urllib3.packages.six.moves from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\pre_safe_import_module\\hook-urllib3.packages.six.moves.py'.
C:\Users\PC\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pyart\core\grid.py:318: SyntaxWarning: "is not" with a literal. Did you mean "!="?
  if meta is not 'data':
45679 INFO: Processing module hooks...
45680 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-certifi.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib\\hooks\\stdhooks'...
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45917 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-IPython.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib\\hooks\\stdhooks'...
46426 INFO: Excluding import of tkinter from module IPython.lib.clipboard
46432 INFO: Excluding import of PyQt5.QtWidgets from module IPython.external.qt_loaders
46433 INFO: Excluding import of PyQt5.QtCore from module IPython.external.qt_loaders
46433 INFO: Excluding import of PyQt5.QtSvg from module IPython.external.qt_loaders
46433 INFO: Excluding import of PyQt5.QtGui from module IPython.external.qt_loaders
46434 INFO: Excluding import of PyQt5 from module IPython.external.qt_loaders
46440 INFO: Excluding import of matplotlib.pyplot from module IPython.core.pylabtools
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51160 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-difflib.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
51168 INFO: Excluding import of doctest from module difflib
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51170 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-distutils.util.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
51176 INFO: Excluding import of lib2to3.refactor from module distutils.util
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51247 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-heapq.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
51253 INFO: Excluding import of doctest from module heapq
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51255 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-lib2to3.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
51288 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-matplotlib.backends.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
51835 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "GTK": ignored
    Gtk* backend requires pygtk to be installed.
52213 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "GTKAgg": ignored
    Gtk* backend requires pygtk to be installed.
52490 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "GTKCairo": ignored
    No module named 'gtk'
52865 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "GTK3Agg": ignored
    The Gtk3 backend requires PyGObject or pgi
53146 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "GTK3Cairo": ignored
    cairo backend requires that cairocffi or pycairo is installed
53528 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "MacOSX": ignored
    cannot import name '_macosx' from 'matplotlib.backends' (C:\Users\PC\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\__init__.py)
54360 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "nbAgg": added
54807 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "Qt4Agg": added
55075 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "Qt4Cairo": ignored
    cairo backend requires that cairocffi or pycairo is installed
55500 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "Qt5Agg": added
55775 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "Qt5Cairo": ignored
    cairo backend requires that cairocffi or pycairo is installed
56173 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "TkAgg": added
56464 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "TkCairo": ignored
    cairo backend requires that cairocffi or pycairo is installed
56927 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "WebAgg": added
57299 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "WX": ignored
    Matplotlib backend_wx and backend_wxagg require wxPython>=2.9
57565 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "WXAgg": ignored
    No module named 'wx'
57833 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "WXCairo": ignored
    No module named 'wx'
58209 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "agg": added
58481 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "cairo": ignored
    cairo backend requires that cairocffi or pycairo is installed
58755 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "gdk": ignored
    No module named 'gobject'
59136 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "pdf": added
59582 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "pgf": added
59958 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "ps": added
60338 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "svg": added
60714 INFO:   Matplotlib backend "template": added
61019 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-matplotlib.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
61304 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-multiprocessing.util.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
61309 INFO: Excluding import of test from module multiprocessing.util
61310 INFO: Excluding import of test.support from module multiprocessing.util
61310 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-numpy.core.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
61390 INFO: MKL libraries found when importing numpy. Adding MKL to binaries
61392 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-numpy.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
61393 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-numpy._pytesttester.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
61400 INFO: Excluding import of pytest from module numpy._pytesttester
61400 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-packaging.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
61402 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pandas.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
62026 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pickle.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
62032 INFO: Excluding import of argparse from module pickle
62032 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pkg_resources.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
62703 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook win32com from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib\\hooks\\pre_safe_import_module\\hook-win32com.py'.
62933 WARNING: Hidden import "pkg_resources.py2_warn" not found!
62949 WARNING: Hidden import "pkg_resources.markers" not found!
62955 INFO: Excluding import of __main__ from module pkg_resources
62956 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pygments.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
64371 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PyQt5.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
64482 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PyQt5.QtCore.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
64551 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PyQt5.QtGui.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
64693 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PyQt5.QtSvg.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
65077 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PyQt5.QtWidgets.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
65326 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PySide2.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
66219 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PySide2.QtCore.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
66314 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PySide2.QtGui.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
66440 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PySide2.QtNetwork.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
66754 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PySide2.QtPrintSupport.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
67020 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PySide2.QtSvg.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
67500 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-PySide2.QtWidgets.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
67758 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pytz.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
67909 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-scipy.io.matlab.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
67910 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-scipy.linalg.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
67911 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-scipy.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
67917 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-scipy.sparse.csgraph.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
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67991 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-scipy.stats._stats.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
67994 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-setuptools.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
68588 INFO: Excluding import of setuptools.py27compat from module setuptools.command.easy_install
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68596 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-sqlite3.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
68670 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-sysconfig.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
68672 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-wcwidth.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
68676 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-xml.dom.domreg.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
68677 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-xml.etree.cElementTree.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
68677 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-xml.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
68678 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-_tkinter.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
68808 INFO: checking Tree
68808 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-00.toc is non existent
68812 INFO: Building Tree Tree-00.toc
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68979 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pythoncom.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib\\hooks\\stdhooks'...
69341 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pywintypes.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib\\hooks\\stdhooks'...
69702 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-win32com.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib\\hooks\\stdhooks'...
70253 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-setuptools.msvc.py' from 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
70261 INFO: Excluding import of numpy from module setuptools.msvc
70392 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
70638 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
70656 INFO: Including run-time hook 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\rthooks\\pyi_rth_multiprocessing.py'
70659 INFO: Including run-time hook 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\rthooks\\pyi_rth_pyqt5.py'
70660 INFO: Including run-time hook 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\rthooks\\pyi_rth_pkgres.py'
70661 INFO: Including run-time hook 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\rthooks\\pyi_rth_win32api.py'
70662 INFO: Including run-time hook 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\rthooks\\pyi_rth_win32comgenpy.py'
70663 INFO: Including run-time hook 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\rthooks\\pyi_rth__tkinter.py'
70664 INFO: Including run-time hook 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\rthooks\\pyi_rth_pyside2.py'
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70669 INFO: Including run-time hook 'C:\\Users\\PC\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\rthooks\\pyi_rth_mplconfig.py'
70712 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
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71092 WARNING: lib not found: mpich2mpi.dll dependency of C:\Users\PC\anaconda3\Library\bin\mkl_blacs_mpich2_lp64.dll
71100 WARNING: lib not found: msmpi.dll dependency of C:\Users\PC\anaconda3\Library\bin\mkl_blacs_msmpi_lp64.dll
71336 WARNING: lib not found: impi.dll dependency of C:\Users\PC\anaconda3\Library\bin\mkl_blacs_intelmpi_ilp64.dll
71579 WARNING: lib not found: mpich2mpi.dll dependency of C:\Users\PC\anaconda3\Library\bin\mkl_blacs_mpich2_ilp64.dll
71941 WARNING: lib not found: pgf90.dll dependency of C:\Users\PC\anaconda3\Library\bin\mkl_pgi_thread.dll
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76995 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent
76996 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) C:\Users\PC\pyinstaller\artview\build\__main__\PYZ-00.pyz
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81058 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent
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193892 INFO: Bootloader C:\Users\PC\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\bootloader\Windows-64bit\runw.exe
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194030 INFO: Updating resource type 24 name 1 language 0
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194297 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.

cx_Freeze是转换大型python项目(包含各种模块和库)的首选

我更喜欢在虚拟环境中做项目,因为这样可以很容易地管理所需的库。 在虚拟环境中,做

pip install cx_Freeze
创建setup.py文件,并将其放置在主_file.py所在的位置。 在setup.py中,粘贴以下代码

来自cx\u冻结导入设置,可执行
设置(
name=“您的项目名称”,
版本=0.1,
description=“项目描述”,
可执行文件=[可执行文件(“your_main_file.py”,base=“Win32GUI”)],

)
您是否搜索过解决方案?这里有很多关于PyInstaller与exe的问题,有些问题有答案;-)另外,请查看PyInstaller文档,其中有一节“当出现问题时”。我相信你能找到它。是的,我已经寻找了一段时间的解决方案。你需要了解有关运行时发生的错误的更多信息-请参阅PyInstaller文档以获取指导。在虚拟环境中执行PROJECT,以正确运行cx\U Freeze,所有必需的LIBRARAY都已安装在VIRTUAL ENV中。