Python Turtle如何在7x7网格中的单元格内绘制标记

我对在Python3中使用海龟图形还不熟悉，我不知道该怎么做。我的问题之一是，我不知道从何处开始创建一个函数，该函数将基于一个名为“path”的数据集（包含3个变量）在网格单元内绘制一个标记。栅格地图本身是7x7，总共有5个标记（范围从0到4）。每个标记都绘制了自己的社交媒体徽标，并且彼此完全不同

grid_cell_size = 100 # px
num_squares = 7 # this for creating the 7x7 grid map

# for clarification: path = ['Start', location, marker_value]

path = [['Start', 'Centre', 4], ['North', 2, 3], 
         ['East', 2, 2], ['South', 4, 1], ['West', 2, 0]]

我的主要目标是能够使用上述数据集，在自己的位置坐标中一次性绘制所有5个标记。我不确定如何将这些标记指定给它们自己的标记值。if/elif/else语句是否适用于此

试图同时实现5个标记对我来说太难了，所以我尝试使用这个非常简单的数据集“path_var_3”，它只会绘制1个标记

path_var_3 = [['Start', 'Bottom left', 3]]

def follow_path(path_selection):

  # Draws YouTube logo marker
  if 3 in path_var_3[0]:
    penup()
    # !!!
    goto(0, -32)
    setheading(90)

    # Variables
    youtube_red = '#ff0000'
    youtube_white = 'White'

    radius = 10
    diameter = radius * 2

    # Prep to draw the superellipse
    pencolor(youtube_red)
    fillcolor(youtube_red)

    # Drawing the superellipse
    begin_fill()
    pendown()

    for superellipse in range(2):
      circle(radius, 90)
      forward(80)
      circle(radius, 90)
      forward(60 - diameter)

    # Finish up
    end_fill()
    penup()

    # Move turtle position towards the centre of the superellipse
    # !!!
    goto(-59)
    backward(16)
    setheading(90)

    fillcolor(youtube_white)

    # Drawing the white 'play icon' triangle
    begin_fill()
    pendown()

    for play_triangle in range(2):
      right(120)
      forward(28)
      right(120)
      forward(28)

    # Finish up
    endfill()
    penup()
  else: return print('ERROR')

follow_path(path_var_3)

到目前为止，我能够在程序中绘制标记，但我立即遇到了我的第一个问题：我意识到我已经硬编码了超椭圆和三角形开始绘制的位置的坐标，如“！！！”评论。因此，当我运行程序时，标记在网格单元的外部绘制。如何在单元格内绘制标记，而不考虑单元格在7x7栅格地图中的位置

如果有人有任何想法或能够帮助我，我将不胜感激

TL；博士：

如何在7x7网格图中的100x100单元格内绘制由各种形状组成的标记

如何基于数据集中的位置变量在任何单元格中绘制标记

我应该如何为0-4范围内的整数指定标记？If/elif/else语句

---

由于

goto（-59）

和

endfill（）

不是有效的函数调用，您提供的代码无法运行。总的来说，您的代码缺少一层来组织您试图解决的问题。（例如，您需要在代码方面定义“左下角”或“东”的含义。）在小范围内，您的YouTube徽标绘图使用绝对坐标，而不是相对坐标，防止在任何地方绘制

下面是您所描述内容的框架实现。它绘制一个网格用于调试，以显示徽标最终位于正确的位置。除YouTube徽标外，它将所有颜色的圆圈替换为：

from turtle import Turtle, Screen

path = [('Start', 'Centre', 4), ('North', 2, 3), ('East', 2, 2), ('South', 4, 1), ('West', 2, 0)]

GRID_CELL_SIZE = 100  # pixels
NUMBER_SQUARES = 7  # this for creating the 7x7 grid map

ABSOLUTE_OFFSETS = {
    'Centre': (NUMBER_SQUARES // 2, NUMBER_SQUARES // 2),
    'Bottom left': (0, NUMBER_SQUARES - 1),
    # etc.
}

COMPASS_OFFSETS = {
    'North': (0, 1),
    'East': (1, 0),
    'South': (0, -1),
    'West': (-1, 0),
    'Start': (1, 1),  # Special case, assumes absolute offset
}

# YouTube Variables
YOUTUBE_RED = '#ff0000'
YOUTUBE_WHITE = 'White'
YOUTUBE_RADIUS = 10
YOUTUBE_WIDTH = 80
YOUTUBE_HEIGHT = 60
YOUTUBE_TRIANGLE_EDGE = 28

def draw_grid():  # for debugging
    grid = Turtle(visible=False)
    grid.speed('fastest')
    grid.dot()  # visualize origin
    grid.penup()
    grid.goto(-GRID_CELL_SIZE * NUMBER_SQUARES / 2, GRID_CELL_SIZE * (NUMBER_SQUARES / 2 - 1))

    for _ in range(NUMBER_SQUARES - 1):
        grid.pendown()
        grid.forward(NUMBER_SQUARES * GRID_CELL_SIZE)
        grid.penup()
        grid.goto(-GRID_CELL_SIZE * NUMBER_SQUARES / 2, grid.ycor() - GRID_CELL_SIZE)

    grid.goto(-GRID_CELL_SIZE * (NUMBER_SQUARES / 2 - 1), GRID_CELL_SIZE * NUMBER_SQUARES / 2)

    grid.setheading(270)

    for _ in range(NUMBER_SQUARES - 1):
        grid.pendown()
        grid.forward(NUMBER_SQUARES * GRID_CELL_SIZE)
        grid.penup()
        grid.goto(grid.xcor() + GRID_CELL_SIZE, GRID_CELL_SIZE * NUMBER_SQUARES / 2)

def follow_path(path_selection):

    turtle = Turtle(visible=False)

    x, y = ABSOLUTE_OFFSETS['Centre']  # relative to grid, not screen!

    for direction, offset, marker in path_selection:
        if direction in COMPASS_OFFSETS:
            dx, dy = COMPASS_OFFSETS[direction]

            if offset in ABSOLUTE_OFFSETS:
                x, y = ABSOLUTE_OFFSETS[offset]
            else:
                x += dx * offset
                y += dy * offset

            turtle.penup()
            # new virtual drawing origin, convert to screen coordinates
            turtle.goto((x - NUMBER_SQUARES // 2) * GRID_CELL_SIZE, (y - NUMBER_SQUARES // 2) * GRID_CELL_SIZE)
            MARKERS[marker](turtle)
            turtle.penup()

def YouTube(turtle):
    diameter = YOUTUBE_RADIUS * 2

    x, y = turtle.position()

    # Draws YouTube logo marker
    turtle.goto(x + YOUTUBE_WIDTH/2 + YOUTUBE_RADIUS, y + YOUTUBE_HEIGHT/2 - YOUTUBE_RADIUS)
    turtle.setheading(90)

    # Draw the rounded rectangle (should really be a superellipse)
    turtle.color(YOUTUBE_RED)

    turtle.begin_fill()

    for _ in range(2):
        turtle.circle(YOUTUBE_RADIUS, 90)
        turtle.forward(YOUTUBE_WIDTH)
        turtle.circle(YOUTUBE_RADIUS, 90)
        turtle.forward(YOUTUBE_HEIGHT - diameter)

    # Finish up
    turtle.end_fill()

    # Return turtle position towards the centre of the rounded rectangle
    turtle.goto(x - YOUTUBE_TRIANGLE_EDGE/4, y + YOUTUBE_TRIANGLE_EDGE/2)
    turtle.setheading(90)

    # Drawing the white 'play icon' triangle
    turtle.fillcolor(YOUTUBE_WHITE)

    turtle.begin_fill()

    for _ in range(2):
        turtle.right(120)
        turtle.forward(YOUTUBE_TRIANGLE_EDGE)

    # Finish up
    turtle.end_fill()

def RedDot(turtle):
    turtle.dot(GRID_CELL_SIZE / 2, 'Red')

def BlueDot(turtle):
    turtle.dot(GRID_CELL_SIZE / 2, 'Blue')

def GreenDot(turtle):
    turtle.dot(GRID_CELL_SIZE / 2, 'Green')

def OrangeDot(turtle):
    turtle.dot(GRID_CELL_SIZE / 2, 'Orange')

MARKERS = [RedDot, BlueDot, GreenDot, YouTube, OrangeDot]

screen = Screen()

draw_grid()  # for debugging

follow_path(path)

screen.mainloop()