如何在Python中从文件/流中惰性地读取多个JSON值？

我想从Python中的文件/流中读取多个JSON对象，一次读取一个。不幸的是，

json.load（）

只是

.read（）

s直到文件结束；似乎没有任何方法可以使用它来读取单个对象或懒洋洋地迭代对象

有没有办法做到这一点？使用标准库是理想的，但如果有第三方库，我会使用它

目前，我将每个对象放在一个单独的行上，并使用

json.loads（f.readline（））

，但我真的不希望这样做

示例使用 示例.py

将my_json导入为json
导入系统
对于json.iterload（sys.stdin）中的o：
打印（“在a上工作”，类型（o））

in.txt

{“foo”：[“bar”，“baz”]}12[]4 5 6

示例会话

$python3.2 example.py

JSON通常不适合这种增量使用；没有标准的方法可以序列化多个对象，这样就可以轻松地一次加载一个对象，而无需解析整个对象

您正在使用的每行对象解决方案也可以在其他地方看到。Scrapy称之为“JSON行”：

你可以稍微用肾盂法来做：

for jsonline in f:
    yield json.loads(jsonline)   # or do the processing in this loop

---

我认为这是最好的方法——它不依赖任何第三方库，而且很容易理解发生了什么。我在自己的一些代码中也使用了它。

当然可以。您只需直接进行

原始解码

。这个实现将整个文件加载到内存中，并对该字符串进行操作（就像

json.load

那样）；如果您有大文件，您可以修改它，使其仅在必要时从文件中读取，而不会有太多困难

import json
from json.decoder import WHITESPACE

def iterload(string_or_fp, cls=json.JSONDecoder, **kwargs):
    if isinstance(string_or_fp, file):
        string = string_or_fp.read()
    else:
        string = str(string_or_fp)

    decoder = cls(**kwargs)
    idx = WHITESPACE.match(string, 0).end()
    while idx < len(string):
        obj, end = decoder.raw_decode(string, idx)
        yield obj
        idx = WHITESPACE.match(string, end).end()

导入json
从json.decoder导入空白
def iterload（string_或_fp，cls=json.JSONDecoder，**kwargs）：
如果是实例（字符串或文件）：
string=string\u或\u fp.read（）
其他：
string=str（string\u或\u fp）
解码器=cls（**kwargs）
idx=WHITESPACE.match（字符串，0.end（））
当idx

---

用法：正如您所要求的，它是一个生成器。

这实际上是一个非常棘手的问题，因为您必须以行为单位进行流式处理，但要在多行之间根据大括号进行模式匹配，还要进行模式匹配json。这是一种json预处理，后跟json解析。与其他格式相比，Json易于解析，因此并不总是需要解析库，然而，我们应该如何解决这些冲突问题

救命啊

对于这样的问题，生成器的美妙之处在于，您可以将它们堆叠在一起，在保持懒惰的同时，逐渐消除问题的困难。我还考虑使用将值传递回生成器的机制（send（）），但幸运的是，我发现不需要使用该机制

要解决第一个问题，您需要某种streamingfinditer，作为re.finditer的流式版本。我在下面的尝试根据需要引入行（取消对调试语句的注释以查看），同时仍然返回匹配项。实际上，我对它进行了轻微修改，以生成不匹配的行和匹配项（在生成的元组的第一部分中标记为0或1）

这样，就可以匹配到大括号，每次计算大括号是否平衡，然后根据需要返回简单或复合对象

braces='{}[]'
whitespaceesc=' \t'
bracesesc='\\'+'\\'.join(braces)
balancemap=dict(zip(braces,[1,-1,1,-1]))
bracespat='['+bracesesc+']'
nobracespat='[^'+bracesesc+']*'
untilbracespat=nobracespat+bracespat

def simpleorcompoundobjects(stream):
  obj = ""
  unbalanced = 0
  for (c,m) in streamingfinditer(re.compile(untilbracespat),stream):
    if (c == 0): # remainder of line returned, nothing interesting
      if (unbalanced == 0):
        yield (0,m)
      else:
        obj += m
    if (c == 1): # match returned
      if (unbalanced == 0):
        yield (0,m[:-1])
        obj += m[-1]
      else:
        obj += m
      unbalanced += balancemap[m[-1]]
      if (unbalanced == 0):
        yield (1,obj)
        obj="" 

这将返回元组，如下所示：

(0,"String of simple non-braced objects easy to parse")
(1,"{ 'Compound' : 'objects' }")

基本上这是最糟糕的部分。我们现在只需要做我们认为合适的最后一级解析。例如，我们可以使用Jeremy Roman的iterload函数（谢谢！）对一行进行解析：

def streamingiterload(stream):
  for c,o in simpleorcompoundobjects(stream):
    for x in iterload(o):
      yield x 

测试它：

of = open("test.json","w") 
of.write("""[ "hello" ] { "goodbye" : 1 } 1 2 {
} 2
9 78
 4 5 { "animals" : [ "dog" , "lots of mice" ,
 "cat" ] }
""")
of.close()
// open & stream the json
f = open("test.json","r")
for o in streamingiterload(f.readlines()):
  print o
f.close()

我得到了这些结果（如果打开调试行，您将看到它根据需要拉入这些行）：

---

这并不适用于所有情况。由于实现了

json

库，如果不自己重新实现解析器，就不可能完全正确地工作。

我想提供一个解决方案。关键思想是“尝试”解码：如果失败，给它更多的反馈，否则使用偏移量信息准备下一次解码

然而，当前的json模块不能容忍要解码的字符串头中的空格，所以我必须去掉它们

import sys
import json

def iterload(file):
    buffer = ""
    dec = json.JSONDecoder()
    for line in file:         
        buffer = buffer.strip(" \n\r\t") + line.strip(" \n\r\t")
        while(True):
            try:
                r = dec.raw_decode(buffer)
            except:
                break
            yield r[0]
            buffer = buffer[r[1]:].strip(" \n\r\t")


for o in iterload(sys.stdin):
    print("Working on a", type(o),  o)

========================= 我已经测试了几个txt文件，效果很好。 （in1.txt）

（in2.txt）

（in.txt，您的首字母）

（Benedict测试用例的输出）

python test.py

这是我的：

import simplejson as json
from simplejson import JSONDecodeError
class StreamJsonListLoader():
    """
    When you have a big JSON file containint a list, such as

    [{
        ...
    },
    {
        ...
    },
    {
        ...
    },
    ...
    ]

    And it's too big to be practically loaded into memory and parsed by json.load,
    This class comes to the rescue. It lets you lazy-load the large json list.
    """

    def __init__(self, filename_or_stream):
        if type(filename_or_stream) == str:
            self.stream = open(filename_or_stream)
        else:
            self.stream = filename_or_stream

        if not self.stream.read(1) == '[':
            raise NotImplementedError('Only JSON-streams of lists (that start with a [) are supported.')

    def __iter__(self):
        return self

    def next(self):
        read_buffer = self.stream.read(1)
        while True:
            try:
                json_obj = json.loads(read_buffer)

                if not self.stream.read(1) in [',',']']:
                    raise Exception('JSON seems to be malformed: object is not followed by comma (,) or end of list (]).')
                return json_obj
            except JSONDecodeError:
                next_char = self.stream.read(1)
                read_buffer += next_char
                while next_char != '}':
                    next_char = self.stream.read(1)
                    if next_char == '':
                        raise StopIteration
                    read_buffer += next_char

---

也许晚了一点，但我确实遇到了这个问题（嗯，或多或少）。对于这些问题，我的标准解决方案通常是在一些著名的根对象上进行正则表达式拆分，但在我的情况下，这是不可能的。一般来说，唯一可行的方法是实现适当的标记器

在没有找到一个足够通用且性能相当好的解决方案之后，我结束了自己的工作，编写了模块。它是一个预标记器，可以理解JSON和XML，并将连续流拆分为多个块进行解析（但实际解析由您决定）。为了从中获得某种性能，它被写成一个C模块

例如：

from splitstream import splitfile

for jsonstr in splitfile(sys.stdin, format="json")):
    yield json.loads(jsonstr)

---

我使用了@wuilang的优雅解决方案。简单的方法——读取一个字节，尝试解码，读取一个字节，尝试解码，——工作，

{"foo": ["bar", "baz"]
}
 1 2 [
  ]  4
{"foo1": ["bar1", {"foo2":{"A":1, "B":3}, "DDD":4}]
}
 5   6

{"foo"
: ["bar",
  "baz"]
  } 
1 2 [
] 4 5 6

{"foo": ["bar", "baz"]} 1 2 [] 4 5 6

python test.py < in.txt
('Working on a', <type 'list'>, [u'hello'])
('Working on a', <type 'dict'>, {u'goodbye': 1})
('Working on a', <type 'int'>, 1)
('Working on a', <type 'int'>, 2)
('Working on a', <type 'dict'>, {})
('Working on a', <type 'int'>, 2)
('Working on a', <type 'int'>, 9)
('Working on a', <type 'int'>, 78)
('Working on a', <type 'int'>, 4)
('Working on a', <type 'int'>, 5)
('Working on a', <type 'dict'>, {u'animals': [u'dog', u'lots of mice', u'cat']})

import simplejson as json
from simplejson import JSONDecodeError
class StreamJsonListLoader():
    """
    When you have a big JSON file containint a list, such as

    [{
        ...
    },
    {
        ...
    },
    {
        ...
    },
    ...
    ]

    And it's too big to be practically loaded into memory and parsed by json.load,
    This class comes to the rescue. It lets you lazy-load the large json list.
    """

    def __init__(self, filename_or_stream):
        if type(filename_or_stream) == str:
            self.stream = open(filename_or_stream)
        else:
            self.stream = filename_or_stream

        if not self.stream.read(1) == '[':
            raise NotImplementedError('Only JSON-streams of lists (that start with a [) are supported.')

    def __iter__(self):
        return self

    def next(self):
        read_buffer = self.stream.read(1)
        while True:
            try:
                json_obj = json.loads(read_buffer)

                if not self.stream.read(1) in [',',']']:
                    raise Exception('JSON seems to be malformed: object is not followed by comma (,) or end of list (]).')
                return json_obj
            except JSONDecodeError:
                next_char = self.stream.read(1)
                read_buffer += next_char
                while next_char != '}':
                    next_char = self.stream.read(1)
                    if next_char == '':
                        raise StopIteration
                    read_buffer += next_char

from splitstream import splitfile

for jsonstr in splitfile(sys.stdin, format="json")):
    yield json.loads(jsonstr)

def iterload(stream):
    buf = ""
    dec = json.JSONDecoder()
    for line in stream:
        line = line.rstrip()
        buf = buf + line
        if line == "}":
            yield dec.raw_decode(buf)
            buf = ""

def iterload(stream):
    dec = json.JSONDecoder()
    for line in stream:
        yield dec.raw_decode(line)

def stream_read_json(fn):
    import json
    start_pos = 0
    with open(fn, 'r') as f:
        while True:
            try:
                obj = json.load(f)
                yield obj
                return
            except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
                f.seek(start_pos)
                json_str = f.read(e.pos)
                obj = json.loads(json_str)
                start_pos += e.pos
                yield obj

def stream_read_json(fn):
    import json
    import re
    start_pos = 0
    with open(fn, 'r') as f:
        while True:
            try:
                obj = json.load(f)
                yield obj
                return
            except ValueError as e:
                f.seek(start_pos)
                end_pos = int(re.match('Extra data: line \d+ column \d+ .*\(char (\d+).*\)',
                                    e.args[0]).groups()[0])
                json_str = f.read(end_pos)
                obj = json.loads(json_str)
                start_pos += end_pos
                yield obj

# A streaming byte oriented JSON parser.  Feed it a single byte at a time and
# it will emit complete objects as it comes across them.  Whitespace within and
# between objects is ignored.  This means it can parse newline delimited JSON.
import math


def json_machine(emit, next_func=None):
    def _value(byte_data):
        if not byte_data:
            return

        if byte_data == 0x09 or byte_data == 0x0a or byte_data == 0x0d or byte_data == 0x20:
            return _value  # Ignore whitespace

        if byte_data == 0x22:  # "
            return string_machine(on_value)

        if byte_data == 0x2d or (0x30 <= byte_data < 0x40):  # - or 0-9
            return number_machine(byte_data, on_number)

        if byte_data == 0x7b:  #:
            return object_machine(on_value)

        if byte_data == 0x5b:  # [
            return array_machine(on_value)

        if byte_data == 0x74:  # t
            return constant_machine(TRUE, True, on_value)

        if byte_data == 0x66:  # f
            return constant_machine(FALSE, False, on_value)

        if byte_data == 0x6e:  # n
            return constant_machine(NULL, None, on_value)

        if next_func == _value:
            raise Exception("Unexpected 0x" + str(byte_data))

        return next_func(byte_data)

    def on_value(value):
        emit(value)
        return next_func

    def on_number(number, byte):
        emit(number)
        return _value(byte)

    next_func = next_func or _value
    return _value


TRUE = [0x72, 0x75, 0x65]
FALSE = [0x61, 0x6c, 0x73, 0x65]
NULL = [0x75, 0x6c, 0x6c]


def constant_machine(bytes_data, value, emit):
    i = 0
    length = len(bytes_data)

    def _constant(byte_data):
        nonlocal i
        if byte_data != bytes_data[i]:
            i += 1
            raise Exception("Unexpected 0x" + str(byte_data))

        i += 1
        if i < length:
            return _constant
        return emit(value)

    return _constant


def string_machine(emit):
    string = ""

    def _string(byte_data):
        nonlocal string

        if byte_data == 0x22:  # "
            return emit(string)

        if byte_data == 0x5c:  # \
            return _escaped_string

        if byte_data & 0x80:  # UTF-8 handling
            return utf8_machine(byte_data, on_char_code)

        if byte_data < 0x20:  # ASCII control character
            raise Exception("Unexpected control character: 0x" + str(byte_data))

        string += chr(byte_data)
        return _string

    def _escaped_string(byte_data):
        nonlocal string

        if byte_data == 0x22 or byte_data == 0x5c or byte_data == 0x2f:  # " \ /
            string += chr(byte_data)
            return _string

        if byte_data == 0x62:  # b
            string += "\b"
            return _string

        if byte_data == 0x66:  # f
            string += "\f"
            return _string

        if byte_data == 0x6e:  # n
            string += "\n"
            return _string

        if byte_data == 0x72:  # r
            string += "\r"
            return _string

        if byte_data == 0x74:  # t
            string += "\t"
            return _string

        if byte_data == 0x75:  # u
            return hex_machine(on_char_code)

    def on_char_code(char_code):
        nonlocal string
        string += chr(char_code)
        return _string

    return _string


# Nestable state machine for UTF-8 Decoding.
def utf8_machine(byte_data, emit):
    left = 0
    num = 0

    def _utf8(byte_data):
        nonlocal num, left
        if (byte_data & 0xc0) != 0x80:
            raise Exception("Invalid byte in UTF-8 character: 0x" + byte_data.toString(16))

        left = left - 1

        num |= (byte_data & 0x3f) << (left * 6)
        if left:
            return _utf8
        return emit(num)

    if 0xc0 <= byte_data < 0xe0:  # 2-byte UTF-8 Character
        left = 1
        num = (byte_data & 0x1f) << 6
        return _utf8

    if 0xe0 <= byte_data < 0xf0:  # 3-byte UTF-8 Character
        left = 2
        num = (byte_data & 0xf) << 12
        return _utf8

    if 0xf0 <= byte_data < 0xf8:  # 4-byte UTF-8 Character
        left = 3
        num = (byte_data & 0x07) << 18
        return _utf8

    raise Exception("Invalid byte in UTF-8 string: 0x" + str(byte_data))


# Nestable state machine for hex escaped characters
def hex_machine(emit):
    left = 4
    num = 0

    def _hex(byte_data):
        nonlocal num, left

        if 0x30 <= byte_data < 0x40:
            i = byte_data - 0x30
        elif 0x61 <= byte_data <= 0x66:
            i = byte_data - 0x57
        elif 0x41 <= byte_data <= 0x46:
            i = byte_data - 0x37
        else:
            raise Exception("Expected hex char in string hex escape")

        left -= 1
        num |= i << (left * 4)

        if left:
            return _hex
        return emit(num)

    return _hex


def number_machine(byte_data, emit):
    sign = 1
    number = 0
    decimal = 0
    esign = 1
    exponent = 0

    def _mid(byte_data):
        if byte_data == 0x2e:  # .
            return _decimal

        return _later(byte_data)

    def _number(byte_data):
        nonlocal number
        if 0x30 <= byte_data < 0x40:
            number = number * 10 + (byte_data - 0x30)
            return _number

        return _mid(byte_data)

    def _start(byte_data):
        if byte_data == 0x30:
            return _mid

        if 0x30 < byte_data < 0x40:
            return _number(byte_data)

        raise Exception("Invalid number: 0x" + str(byte_data))

    if byte_data == 0x2d:  # -
        sign = -1
        return _start

    def _decimal(byte_data):
        nonlocal decimal
        if 0x30 <= byte_data < 0x40:
            decimal = (decimal + byte_data - 0x30) / 10
            return _decimal

        return _later(byte_data)

    def _later(byte_data):
        if byte_data == 0x45 or byte_data == 0x65:  # E e
            return _esign

        return _done(byte_data)

    def _esign(byte_data):
        nonlocal esign
        if byte_data == 0x2b:  # +
            return _exponent

        if byte_data == 0x2d:  # -
            esign = -1
            return _exponent

        return _exponent(byte_data)

    def _exponent(byte_data):
        nonlocal exponent
        if 0x30 <= byte_data < 0x40:
            exponent = exponent * 10 + (byte_data - 0x30)
            return _exponent

        return _done(byte_data)

    def _done(byte_data):
        value = sign * (number + decimal)
        if exponent:
            value *= math.pow(10, esign * exponent)

        return emit(value, byte_data)

    return _start(byte_data)


def array_machine(emit):
    array_data = []

    def _array(byte_data):
        if byte_data == 0x5d:  # ]
            return emit(array_data)

        return json_machine(on_value, _comma)(byte_data)

    def on_value(value):
        array_data.append(value)

    def _comma(byte_data):
        if byte_data == 0x09 or byte_data == 0x0a or byte_data == 0x0d or byte_data == 0x20:
            return _comma  # Ignore whitespace

        if byte_data == 0x2c:  # ,
            return json_machine(on_value, _comma)

        if byte_data == 0x5d:  # ]
            return emit(array_data)

        raise Exception("Unexpected byte: 0x" + str(byte_data) + " in array body")

    return _array


def object_machine(emit):
    object_data = {}
    key = None

    def _object(byte_data):
        if byte_data == 0x7d:  #
            return emit(object_data)

        return _key(byte_data)

    def _key(byte_data):
        if byte_data == 0x09 or byte_data == 0x0a or byte_data == 0x0d or byte_data == 0x20:
            return _object  # Ignore whitespace

        if byte_data == 0x22:
            return string_machine(on_key)

        raise Exception("Unexpected byte: 0x" + str(byte_data))

    def on_key(result):
        nonlocal key
        key = result
        return _colon

    def _colon(byte_data):
        if byte_data == 0x09 or byte_data == 0x0a or byte_data == 0x0d or byte_data == 0x20:
            return _colon  # Ignore whitespace

        if byte_data == 0x3a:  # :
            return json_machine(on_value, _comma)

        raise Exception("Unexpected byte: 0x" + str(byte_data))

    def on_value(value):
        object_data[key] = value

    def _comma(byte_data):
        if byte_data == 0x09 or byte_data == 0x0a or byte_data == 0x0d or byte_data == 0x20:
            return _comma  # Ignore whitespace

        if byte_data == 0x2c:  # ,
            return _key

        if byte_data == 0x7d:  #
            return emit(object_data)

        raise Exception("Unexpected byte: 0x" + str(byte_data))

    return _object

# A streaming byte oriented JSON parser.  Feed it a single byte at a time and
# it will emit complete objects as it comes across them.  Whitespace within and
# between objects is ignored.  This means it can parse newline delimited JSON.
import math


def json_machine(emit, next_func=None):
    def _value(byte_data):
        if not byte_data:
            return

        if byte_data == 0x09 or byte_data == 0x0a or byte_data == 0x0d or byte_data == 0x20:
            return _value  # Ignore whitespace

        if byte_data == 0x22:  # "
            return string_machine(on_value)

        if byte_data == 0x2d or (0x30 <= byte_data < 0x40):  # - or 0-9
            return number_machine(byte_data, on_number)

        if byte_data == 0x7b:  #:
            return object_machine(on_value)

        if byte_data == 0x5b:  # [
            return array_machine(on_value)

        if byte_data == 0x74:  # t
            return constant_machine(TRUE, True, on_value)

        if byte_data == 0x66:  # f
            return constant_machine(FALSE, False, on_value)

        if byte_data == 0x6e:  # n
            return constant_machine(NULL, None, on_value)

        if next_func == _value:
            raise Exception("Unexpected 0x" + str(byte_data))

        return next_func(byte_data)

    def on_value(value):
        emit(value)
        return next_func

    def on_number(number, byte):
        emit(number)
        return _value(byte)

    next_func = next_func or _value
    return _value


TRUE = [0x72, 0x75, 0x65]
FALSE = [0x61, 0x6c, 0x73, 0x65]
NULL = [0x75, 0x6c, 0x6c]


def constant_machine(bytes_data, value, emit):
    local_data = {"i": 0, "length": len(bytes_data)}

    def _constant(byte_data):
        # nonlocal i, length
        if byte_data != bytes_data[local_data["i"]]:
            local_data["i"] += 1
            raise Exception("Unexpected 0x" + byte_data.toString(16))

        local_data["i"] += 1

        if local_data["i"] < local_data["length"]:
            return _constant
        return emit(value)

    return _constant


def string_machine(emit):
    local_data = {"string": ""}

    def _string(byte_data):
        # nonlocal string

        if byte_data == 0x22:  # "
            return emit(local_data["string"])

        if byte_data == 0x5c:  # \
            return _escaped_string

        if byte_data & 0x80:  # UTF-8 handling
            return utf8_machine(byte_data, on_char_code)

        if byte_data < 0x20:  # ASCII control character
            raise Exception("Unexpected control character: 0x" + byte_data.toString(16))

        local_data["string"] += chr(byte_data)
        return _string

    def _escaped_string(byte_data):
        # nonlocal string

        if byte_data == 0x22 or byte_data == 0x5c or byte_data == 0x2f:  # " \ /
            local_data["string"] += chr(byte_data)
            return _string

        if byte_data == 0x62:  # b
            local_data["string"] += "\b"
            return _string

        if byte_data == 0x66:  # f
            local_data["string"] += "\f"
            return _string

        if byte_data == 0x6e:  # n
            local_data["string"] += "\n"
            return _string

        if byte_data == 0x72:  # r
            local_data["string"] += "\r"
            return _string

        if byte_data == 0x74:  # t
            local_data["string"] += "\t"
            return _string

        if byte_data == 0x75:  # u
            return hex_machine(on_char_code)

    def on_char_code(char_code):
        # nonlocal string
        local_data["string"] += chr(char_code)
        return _string

    return _string


# Nestable state machine for UTF-8 Decoding.
def utf8_machine(byte_data, emit):
    local_data = {"left": 0, "num": 0}

    def _utf8(byte_data):
        # nonlocal num, left
        if (byte_data & 0xc0) != 0x80:
            raise Exception("Invalid byte in UTF-8 character: 0x" + byte_data.toString(16))

        local_data["left"] -= 1

        local_data["num"] |= (byte_data & 0x3f) << (local_data["left"] * 6)
        if local_data["left"]:
            return _utf8
        return emit(local_data["num"])

    if 0xc0 <= byte_data < 0xe0:  # 2-byte UTF-8 Character
        local_data["left"] = 1
        local_data["num"] = (byte_data & 0x1f) << 6
        return _utf8

    if 0xe0 <= byte_data < 0xf0:  # 3-byte UTF-8 Character
        local_data["left"] = 2
        local_data["num"] = (byte_data & 0xf) << 12
        return _utf8

    if 0xf0 <= byte_data < 0xf8:  # 4-byte UTF-8 Character
        local_data["left"] = 3
        local_data["num"] = (byte_data & 0x07) << 18
        return _utf8

    raise Exception("Invalid byte in UTF-8 string: 0x" + str(byte_data))


# Nestable state machine for hex escaped characters
def hex_machine(emit):
    local_data = {"left": 4, "num": 0}

    def _hex(byte_data):
        # nonlocal num, left
        i = 0  # Parse the hex byte
        if 0x30 <= byte_data < 0x40:
            i = byte_data - 0x30
        elif 0x61 <= byte_data <= 0x66:
            i = byte_data - 0x57
        elif 0x41 <= byte_data <= 0x46:
            i = byte_data - 0x37
        else:
            raise Exception("Expected hex char in string hex escape")

        local_data["left"] -= 1
        local_data["num"] |= i << (local_data["left"] * 4)

        if local_data["left"]:
            return _hex
        return emit(local_data["num"])

    return _hex


def number_machine(byte_data, emit):
    local_data = {"sign": 1, "number": 0, "decimal": 0, "esign": 1, "exponent": 0}

    def _mid(byte_data):
        if byte_data == 0x2e:  # .
            return _decimal

        return _later(byte_data)

    def _number(byte_data):
        # nonlocal number
        if 0x30 <= byte_data < 0x40:
            local_data["number"] = local_data["number"] * 10 + (byte_data - 0x30)
            return _number

        return _mid(byte_data)

    def _start(byte_data):
        if byte_data == 0x30:
            return _mid

        if 0x30 < byte_data < 0x40:
            return _number(byte_data)

        raise Exception("Invalid number: 0x" + byte_data.toString(16))

    if byte_data == 0x2d:  # -
        local_data["sign"] = -1
        return _start

    def _decimal(byte_data):
        # nonlocal decimal
        if 0x30 <= byte_data < 0x40:
            local_data["decimal"] = (local_data["decimal"] + byte_data - 0x30) / 10
            return _decimal

        return _later(byte_data)

    def _later(byte_data):
        if byte_data == 0x45 or byte_data == 0x65:  # E e
            return _esign

        return _done(byte_data)

    def _esign(byte_data):
        # nonlocal esign
        if byte_data == 0x2b:  # +
            return _exponent

        if byte_data == 0x2d:  # -
            local_data["esign"] = -1
            return _exponent

        return _exponent(byte_data)

    def _exponent(byte_data):
        # nonlocal exponent
        if 0x30 <= byte_data < 0x40:
            local_data["exponent"] = local_data["exponent"] * 10 + (byte_data - 0x30)
            return _exponent

        return _done(byte_data)

    def _done(byte_data):
        value = local_data["sign"] * (local_data["number"] + local_data["decimal"])
        if local_data["exponent"]:
            value *= math.pow(10, local_data["esign"] * local_data["exponent"])

        return emit(value, byte_data)

    return _start(byte_data)


def array_machine(emit):
    local_data = {"array_data": []}

    def _array(byte_data):
        if byte_data == 0x5d:  # ]
            return emit(local_data["array_data"])

        return json_machine(on_value, _comma)(byte_data)

    def on_value(value):
        # nonlocal array_data
        local_data["array_data"].append(value)

    def _comma(byte_data):
        if byte_data == 0x09 or byte_data == 0x0a or byte_data == 0x0d or byte_data == 0x20:
            return _comma  # Ignore whitespace

        if byte_data == 0x2c:  # ,
            return json_machine(on_value, _comma)

        if byte_data == 0x5d:  # ]
            return emit(local_data["array_data"])

        raise Exception("Unexpected byte: 0x" + str(byte_data) + " in array body")

    return _array


def object_machine(emit):
    local_data = {"object_data": {}, "key": ""}

    def _object(byte_data):
        # nonlocal object_data, key
        if byte_data == 0x7d:  #
            return emit(local_data["object_data"])

        return _key(byte_data)

    def _key(byte_data):
        if byte_data == 0x09 or byte_data == 0x0a or byte_data == 0x0d or byte_data == 0x20:
            return _object  # Ignore whitespace

        if byte_data == 0x22:
            return string_machine(on_key)

        raise Exception("Unexpected byte: 0x" + byte_data.toString(16))

    def on_key(result):
        # nonlocal object_data, key
        local_data["key"] = result
        return _colon

    def _colon(byte_data):
        # nonlocal object_data, key
        if byte_data == 0x09 or byte_data == 0x0a or byte_data == 0x0d or byte_data == 0x20:
            return _colon  # Ignore whitespace

        if byte_data == 0x3a:  # :
            return json_machine(on_value, _comma)

        raise Exception("Unexpected byte: 0x" + str(byte_data))

    def on_value(value):
        # nonlocal object_data, key
        local_data["object_data"][local_data["key"]] = value

    def _comma(byte_data):
        # nonlocal object_data
        if byte_data == 0x09 or byte_data == 0x0a or byte_data == 0x0d or byte_data == 0x20:
            return _comma  # Ignore whitespace

        if byte_data == 0x2c:  # ,
            return _key

        if byte_data == 0x7d:  #
            return emit(local_data["object_data"])

        raise Exception("Unexpected byte: 0x" + str(byte_data))

    return _object

if __name__ == "__main__":
    test_json = """[1,2,"3"] {"name": 
    "tarun"} 1 2 
    3 [{"name":"a", 
    "data": [1,
    null,2]}]
"""
    def found_json(data):
        print(data)

    state = json_machine(found_json)

    for char in test_json:
        state = state(ord(char))

[1, 2, '3']
{'name': 'tarun'}
1
2
3
[{'name': 'a', 'data': [1, None, 2]}]

import json

def yield_multiple_value(f):
    '''
    parses multiple JSON values from a file.
    '''
    vals_str = f.read()
    decoder = json.JSONDecoder()
    try:
        nread = 0
        while nread < len(vals_str):
            val, n = decoder.raw_decode(vals_str[nread:])
            nread += n
            # Skip over whitespace because of bug, below.
            while nread < len(vals_str) and vals_str[nread].isspace():
                nread += 1
            yield val
    except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
        pass
    return

def yield_multiple_value(f):
    '''
    parses multiple JSON values from a file.
    '''
    vals_str = f.read()
    decoder = json.JSONDecoder()
    while vals_str:
        val, n = decoder.raw_decode(vals_str)
        #remove the read characters from the start.
        vals_str = vals_str[n:]
        # remove leading white space because a second call to decoder.raw_decode()
        # fails when the string starts with whitespace, and
        # I don't understand why...
        vals_str = vals_str.lstrip()
        yield val
    return

{'foo': ['bar', 'baz']}
1
2
[]
4
5
6