Python 散列多个文件 问题说明：
给定一个目录，我想遍历该目录及其非隐藏子目录，Python 散列多个文件 问题说明：,python,perl,bash,hash,batch-processing,Python,Perl,Bash,Hash,Batch Processing,给定一个目录，我想遍历该目录及其非隐藏子目录， 并在非隐藏的 文件名。 如果重新运行脚本，它将用新的哈希替换旧的哈希 ==>。 。==>。 问题: a） 你会怎么做？ b） 在所有可用的方法中，什么使您的方法最合适？ 判决： 谢谢大家，我选择SeigeX的答案是因为它的速度和便携性。 它比其他bash变体更快， 它在我的MacOSX机器上运行，没有任何改动 您可能希望将结果存储在一个文件中，如 find . -type f -exec md5sum {} \; > MD5SUMS 如
并在非隐藏的 文件名。
如果重新运行脚本，它将用新的哈希替换旧的哈希
。。。问题: a） 你会怎么做？ b） 在所有可用的方法中，什么使您的方法最合适？
判决： 谢谢大家，我选择SeigeX的答案是因为它的速度和便携性。
它比其他bash变体更快，
它在我的MacOSX机器上运行，没有任何改动
您可能希望将结果存储在一个文件中，如
find . -type f -exec md5sum {} \; > MD5SUMS
find . -type f | while read f; do g=`md5sum $f` > $f.md5; done
find . -type f | while read f; do g=`md5sum $f | awk '{print $1}'`; echo "$g $f"> $f-$g.md5; done
$ ls
a.txt
b.txt
c.txt
$ FILES=**/*(.)
$ # */ stupid syntax coloring thinks this is a comment
$ for f in $FILES; do hash=`md5sum $f | cut -f1 -d" "`; mv $f "$f:r.$hash.$f:e"; done
$ ls
a.60b725f10c9c85c70d97880dfe8191b3.txt
b.3b5d5c3712955042212316173ccf37be.txt
c.2cd6ee2c70b0bde53fbe6cac3c8b8bb1.txt
编辑：在sh或bash的两个版本中，在子目录和
mvfind . -type f -print | while read file
do
hash=`$hashcommand "$file"`
filename=${file%.*}
extension=${file##*.}
mv $file "$filename.$hash.$extension"
done
hash () {
#openssl md5 t.sh | sed -e 's/.* //'
whirlpool "$f"
}
find . -type f -a -name '*.*' | while read f; do
# remove the echo to run this for real
echo mv "$f" "${f%.*}.whirlpool-`hash "$f"`.${f##*.}"
done
...
mv ./bash-4.0/signames.h ./bash-4.0/signames.whirlpool-d71b117a822394a5b273ea6c0e3f4dc045b1098326d39864564f1046ab7bd9296d5533894626288265a1f70638ee3ecce1f6a22739b389ff7cb1fa48c76fa166.h
...
hash () {
#openssl md5 t.sh | sed -e 's/.* //'
whirlpool "$f"
}
find . -type f | while read f; do
name=${f##*/}
case "$name" in
*.*) extension=".${name##*.}" ;;
*) extension= ;;
esac
# remove the echo to run this for real
echo mv "$f" "${f%/*}/${name%.*}.whirlpool-`hash "$f"`$extension"
done
- 在包含空格（如“a b”）的文件上测试
- 在包含多个扩展名（如“a.b.c”）的文件上进行测试
- 使用包含空格和/或点的目录进行测试
- 在包含点的目录（如“a.b/c”）中不包含扩展名的文件上进行测试
- 更新：如果文件更改，现在更新哈希
- 在读取-d$'\0'时，使用管道传输到
的
来正确处理文件名中的空格print0 - md5sum可以替换为您最喜欢的哈希函数。sed从md5sum的输出中删除第一个空格及其后面的所有内容
- 基本文件名是使用一个正则表达式提取的，该正则表达式查找最后一个没有后跟另一个斜杠的句点（这样，目录名中的句点就不会被计算为扩展名的一部分）
- 扩展名是通过使用起始索引为基本文件名长度的子字符串找到的
- 以下是我在bash中对它的看法。功能：跳过非常规文件；正确处理名称中带有奇怪字符（即空格）的文件；处理无扩展文件名；跳过已经散列的文件，以便可以重复运行（尽管如果在运行之间修改了文件，则会添加新的散列，而不是替换旧的散列）。我使用md5-q作为散列函数编写了它；您应该能够用任何其他内容替换它，只要它只输出散列，而不是像filename=>hash这样的内容
find -x . -type f -print0 | while IFS="" read -r -d $'\000' file; do
hash="$(md5 -q "$file")" # replace with your favorite hash function
[[ "$file" == *."$hash" ]] && continue # skip files that already end in their hash
dirname="$(dirname "$file")"
basename="$(basename "$file")"
base="${basename%.*}"
[[ "$base" == *."$hash" ]] && continue # skip files that already end in hash + extension
if [[ "$basename" == "$base" ]]; then
extension=""
else
extension=".${basename##*.}"
fi
mv "$file" "$dirname/$base.$hash$extension"
done
需求的逻辑非常复杂，足以证明使用Python而不是bash是合理的。它应该提供更具可读性、可扩展性和可维护性的解决方案
#!/usr/bin/env python
import hashlib, os
def ishash(h, size):
"""Whether `h` looks like hash's hex digest."""
if len(h) == size:
try:
int(h, 16) # whether h is a hex number
return True
except ValueError:
return False
for root, dirs, files in os.walk("."):
dirs[:] = [d for d in dirs if not d.startswith(".")] # skip hidden dirs
for path in (os.path.join(root, f) for f in files if not f.startswith(".")):
suffix = hash_ = "." + hashlib.md5(open(path).read()).hexdigest()
hashsize = len(hash_) - 1
# extract old hash from the name; add/replace the hash if needed
barepath, ext = os.path.splitext(path) # ext may be empty
if not ishash(ext[1:], hashsize):
suffix += ext # add original extension
barepath, oldhash = os.path.splitext(barepath)
if not ishash(oldhash[1:], hashsize):
suffix = oldhash + suffix # preserve 2nd (not a hash) extension
else: # ext looks like a hash
oldhash = ext
if hash_ != oldhash: # replace old hash by new one
os.rename(path, barepath+suffix)
- 名称中带有点的目录中没有扩展名的文件
- 已包含哈希的文件名（幂等性测试）
- 带有两个扩展名的文件名
- 名称中的换行符
import mhash
print mhash.MHASH(mhash.MHASH_WHIRLPOOL, "text to hash here").hexdigest()
在Python中调用whirlpooldeep
可以为需要基于哈希值跟踪文件集的问题提供利用 whirlpool不是很常见的杂烩。您可能需要安装一个程序来计算它。e、 Debian/Ubuntu包含一个“惠而浦”软件包。程序自己打印一个文件的散列。apt cache search whirlpool显示，其他一些软件包也支持它，包括有趣的md5deep 一些早期的Anwser在文件名中包含空格时会失败。如果是这种情况，但文件名中没有任何换行符，则可以安全地使用\n作为分隔符
oldifs="$IFS"
IFS="
"
for i in $(find -type f); do echo "$i";done
#output
# ./base
# ./base2
# ./normal.ext
# ./trick.e "xt
# ./foo bar.dir ext/trick' (name "- }$foo.ext{}.ext2
IFS="$oldifs"
find -regextype posix-extended -type f -not -regex '.*\.[a-fA-F0-9]{128}.*' \
-execdir bash -c 'for i in "${@#./}";do
hash=$(whirlpool "$i");
ext=".${i##*.}"; base="${i%.*}";
[ "$base" = "$i" ] && ext="";
newname="$base.$hash$ext";
echo "ext:$ext $i -> $newname";
false mv --no-clobber "$i" "$newname";done' \
dummy {} +
# take out the "false" before the mv, and optionally take out the echo.
# false ignores its arguments, so it's there so you can
# run this to see what will happen without actually renaming your files.
$ sudo apt-get install python-mhash
import mhash
print mhash.MHASH(mhash.MHASH_WHIRLPOOL, "text to hash here").hexdigest()
from subprocess import PIPE, STDOUT, Popen
def getoutput(cmd):
return Popen(cmd, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT).communicate()[0]
hash_ = getoutput(["whirlpooldeep", "-q", path]).rstrip()
oldifs="$IFS"
IFS="
"
for i in $(find -type f); do echo "$i";done
#output
# ./base
# ./base2
# ./normal.ext
# ./trick.e "xt
# ./foo bar.dir ext/trick' (name "- }$foo.ext{}.ext2
IFS="$oldifs"
find -regextype posix-extended -type f -not -regex '.*\.[a-fA-F0-9]{128}.*' \
-execdir bash -c 'for i in "${@#./}";do
hash=$(whirlpool "$i");
ext=".${i##*.}"; base="${i%.*}";
[ "$base" = "$i" ] && ext="";
newname="$base.$hash$ext";
echo "ext:$ext $i -> $newname";
false mv --no-clobber "$i" "$newname";done' \
dummy {} +
# take out the "false" before the mv, and optionally take out the echo.
# false ignores its arguments, so it's there so you can
# run this to see what will happen without actually renaming your files.
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'digest/md5'
Dir.glob('**/*') do |f|
next unless File.file? f
next if /\.md5sum-[0-9a-f]{32}/ =~ f
md5sum = Digest::MD5.file f
newname = "%s/%s.md5sum-%s%s" %
[File.dirname(f), File.basename(f,'.*'), md5sum, File.extname(f)]
File.rename f, newname
end
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
# whirlpool-rename.pl
# 2009 Peter Cordes <peter@cordes.ca>. Share and Enjoy!
use Fcntl; # for O_BINARY
use File::Find;
use Digest::Whirlpool;
# find callback, called once per directory entry
# $_ is the base name of the file, and we are chdired to that directory.
sub whirlpool_rename {
print "find: $_\n";
# my @components = split /\.(?:[[:xdigit:]]{128})?/; # remove .hash while we're at it
my @components = split /\.(?!\.|$)/, $_, -1; # -1 to not leave out trailing dots
if (!$components[0] && $_ ne ".") { # hidden file/directory
$File::Find::prune = 1;
return;
}
# don't follow symlinks or process non-regular-files
return if (-l $_ || ! -f _);
my $digest;
eval {
sysopen(my $fh, $_, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY) or die "$!";
$digest = Digest->new( 'Whirlpool' )->addfile($fh);
};
if ($@) { # exception-catching structure from whirlpoolsum, distributed with Digest::Whirlpool.
warn "whirlpool: couldn't hash $_: $!\n";
return;
}
# strip old hashes from the name. not done during split only in the interests of readability
@components = grep { !/^[[:xdigit:]]{128}$/ } @components;
if ($#components == 0) {
push @components, $digest->hexdigest;
} else {
my $ext = pop @components;
push @components, $digest->hexdigest, $ext;
}
my $newname = join('.', @components);
return if $_ eq $newname;
print "rename $_ -> $newname\n";
if (-e $newname) {
warn "whirlpool: clobbering $newname\n";
# maybe unlink $_ and return if $_ is older than $newname?
# But you'd better check that $newname has the right contents then...
}
# This could be link instead of rename, but then you'd have to handle directories, and you can't make hardlinks across filesystems
rename $_, $newname or warn "whirlpool: couldn't rename $_ -> $newname: $!\n";
}
#main
$ARGV[0] = "." if !@ARGV; # default to current directory
find({wanted => \&whirlpool_rename, no_chdir => 0}, @ARGV );
find -name '.?*' -prune -o \( -type f -print0 \)
#!/bin/bash
if (($# != 1)) || ! [[ -d "$1" ]]; then
echo "Usage: $0 /path/to/directory"
exit 1
fi
is_hash() {
md5=${1##*.} # strip prefix
[[ "$md5" == *[^[:xdigit:]]* || ${#md5} -lt 32 ]] && echo "$1" || echo "${1%.*}"
}
while IFS= read -r -d $'\0' file; do
read hash junk < <(md5sum "$file")
basename="${file##*/}"
dirname="${file%/*}"
pre_ext="${basename%.*}"
ext="${basename:${#pre_ext}}"
# File already hashed?
pre_ext=$(is_hash "$pre_ext")
ext=$(is_hash "$ext")
mv "$file" "${dirname}/${pre_ext}.${hash}${ext}" 2> /dev/null
done < <(find "$1" -path "*/.*" -prune -o \( -type f -print0 \))