Python 使用urllib2的Twitter搜索API

我是使用python进行API调用的初学者（甚至只是API调用）。我正在尝试使用Twitter API进行基本调用

我的生成oauth_签名的代码如下：

def getSignature(query):
    key_dict['q'] = urllib.quote(query, '')
    finKey = ""
    for key in sorted(key_dict.keys()):
        finKey += key + "="+key_dict[key]+"&"
    finKey =  finKey[:-1]
    finKey = HTTP_METHOD + "&" + urllib.quote(BASE_URL, '') + "&" + urllib.quote(finKey, '')
    key = urllib.quote(CONSUMER_SECRET_KEY, '')+"&"+urllib.quote(ACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET, '')
    hashed = hmac.new(key, finKey, sha1)
    finKey = binascii.b2a_base64(hashed.digest())
    key_dict['oauth_signature'] = urllib.quote(finKey, '')

其中key_dict存储所有密钥：

key_dict = dict()
key_dict['oauth_consumer_key'] = urllib.quote(CONSUMER_KEY, '')
key_dict['oauth_nonce'] = urllib.quote("9ab59691142584g739134971f75aa986", '')
key_dict['oauth_signature_method'] = urllib.quote("HMAC-SHA1", '')
key_dict['oauth_timestamp'] = urllib.quote(str(int(time.time())), '')
key_dict['oauth_token'] = urllib.quote(ACCESS_TOKEN, '')
key_dict['oauth_version'] = urllib.quote(OAUTH_VERSION, '')
BASE_URL = "https://api.twitter.com/1.1/search/tweets.json?" + urllib.quote("q=delhi+elections", '')

我使用以下命令生成基本标头字符串：

def getHeaderString():
    ret = "OAuth "
    key_list =['oauth_consumer_key', 'oauth_nonce', 'oauth_signature', 'oauth_signature_method', 'oauth_timestamp', 'oauth_token', 'oauth_version']
    for key in key_list:
        ret = ret+key+"=\""+key_dict[key]+"\", "
    ret = ret[:-2]
    return ret

getSignature("delhi+elections")
headers = { 'Authorization' : getHeaderString()}
req = urllib2.Request(BASE_URL, headers= headers)
response = urllib2.urlopen(req)

虽然当我打电话时，我得到：

urllib2.HTTPError: HTTP Error 401: Unauthorized

或

---

我哪里出错了？

您是否尝试过使用？对于使用此库的参考实现，您可以查看客户端。

应该在某些地方提到的几点：

方法：

binascii.b2a\u base64（hashed.digest（））

在字符串末尾追加一个新行提要。这会导致oauth_签名的身份验证失败

德里+选举

实际上应该是

德里选举

。这种不匹配再次导致sha1中的哈希值匹配失败

把这两个都去掉就解决了问题。 最终代码：

key_dict = dict()
key_dict['oauth_consumer_key'] = urllib.quote(CONSUMER_KEY, '')
key_dict['oauth_nonce'] = urllib.quote("9aa39691142584s7df134971375aa986", '')
key_dict['oauth_signature_method'] = urllib.quote("HMAC-SHA1", '')
key_dict['oauth_timestamp'] = urllib.quote(str(int(time.time())), '')
key_dict['oauth_token'] = urllib.quote(ACCESS_TOKEN, '')
key_dict['oauth_version'] = urllib.quote(OAUTH_VERSION, '')
BASE_URL = "https://api.twitter.com/1.1/search/tweets.json"
def getSignature(query):
    key_dict['q'] = urllib.quote(query, '')
    finKey = ""
    for key in sorted(key_dict.keys()):
        finKey += key + "="+key_dict[key]+"&"
    finKey =  finKey[:-1]
    finKey = HTTP_METHOD + "&" + urllib.quote(BASE_URL, '') + "&" + urllib.quote(finKey, '')
    key = urllib.quote(CONSUMER_SECRET_KEY, '')+"&"+urllib.quote(ACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET, '')
    hashed = hmac.new(key, finKey, sha1)
    finKey = binascii.b2a_base64(hashed.digest())[:-1]
    key_dict['oauth_signature'] = urllib.quote(finKey, '')

def getHeaderString():
    ret = "OAuth "
    key_list =['oauth_consumer_key', 'oauth_nonce', 'oauth_signature', 'oauth_signature_method', 'oauth_timestamp', 'oauth_token', 'oauth_version']
    for key in key_list:
        ret = ret+key+"=\""+key_dict[key]+"\", "
    ret = ret[:-2]
    return ret

url = BASE_URL
getSignature("delhi elections")
headers = { 'Authorization' : getHeaderString()}
values = {'q':'delhi elections'}
data = urllib.urlencode(values)
req = urllib2.Request(url+"?"+data, headers= headers)
response = urllib2.urlopen(req)
the_page = response.read()
print the_page

---

是的，我看过外部图书馆。甚至

curl

命令也可以使用相同的头。但我正在努力避免外部依赖。

key_dict = dict()
key_dict['oauth_consumer_key'] = urllib.quote(CONSUMER_KEY, '')
key_dict['oauth_nonce'] = urllib.quote("9aa39691142584s7df134971375aa986", '')
key_dict['oauth_signature_method'] = urllib.quote("HMAC-SHA1", '')
key_dict['oauth_timestamp'] = urllib.quote(str(int(time.time())), '')
key_dict['oauth_token'] = urllib.quote(ACCESS_TOKEN, '')
key_dict['oauth_version'] = urllib.quote(OAUTH_VERSION, '')
BASE_URL = "https://api.twitter.com/1.1/search/tweets.json"
def getSignature(query):
    key_dict['q'] = urllib.quote(query, '')
    finKey = ""
    for key in sorted(key_dict.keys()):
        finKey += key + "="+key_dict[key]+"&"
    finKey =  finKey[:-1]
    finKey = HTTP_METHOD + "&" + urllib.quote(BASE_URL, '') + "&" + urllib.quote(finKey, '')
    key = urllib.quote(CONSUMER_SECRET_KEY, '')+"&"+urllib.quote(ACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET, '')
    hashed = hmac.new(key, finKey, sha1)
    finKey = binascii.b2a_base64(hashed.digest())[:-1]
    key_dict['oauth_signature'] = urllib.quote(finKey, '')

def getHeaderString():
    ret = "OAuth "
    key_list =['oauth_consumer_key', 'oauth_nonce', 'oauth_signature', 'oauth_signature_method', 'oauth_timestamp', 'oauth_token', 'oauth_version']
    for key in key_list:
        ret = ret+key+"=\""+key_dict[key]+"\", "
    ret = ret[:-2]
    return ret

url = BASE_URL
getSignature("delhi elections")
headers = { 'Authorization' : getHeaderString()}
values = {'q':'delhi elections'}
data = urllib.urlencode(values)
req = urllib2.Request(url+"?"+data, headers= headers)
response = urllib2.urlopen(req)
the_page = response.read()
print the_page