Python 使用virtualenv和错误消息：-setuptools pip wheel失败，错误代码为1

这些年来，我的Mac电脑上安装了不少Python和Anacondas，在某种程度上，这些都被忽视了，我怀疑现在又重新出现了，并给我带来了问题

我想设置一个virtualenv环境，并进行了pip安装virtualenv。我想为Django1.8创建一个新环境，Django18，但在执行命令virtualenv Django18后，我收到一条错误消息：

OSError: Command ~/Desktop/Django18/bin/python - setuptools pip wheel failed with error code 1

bash_档案

# added by Anaconda2 4.2.0 installer
export PATH="~/anaconda2/bin:$PATH"

export PATH="/opt/local/lib/gmt4/bin:$PATH"
export PATH="~/teqc:$PATH"
export PATH="/usr/local/runpkr000:$PATH"
export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

# MacPorts Installer addition on 2015-04-02_at_16:40:23: adding an appropriate PATH variable for use with MacPorts.
# export PATH="/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:$PATH"
# Finished adapting your PATH environment variable for use with MacPorts.

# added by Anaconda 2.3.0 installer
# export PATH="~/anaconda/bin:$PATH"

命令：哪个python

~/anaconda2/bin/python

lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        69 Dec 12  2012 python3 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        72 Dec 12  2012 python3-32 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3-32
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        76 Dec 12  2012 python3-config -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3-config
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        71 Dec 12  2012 python3.3 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3.3
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        74 Dec 12  2012 python3.3-32 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3.3-32
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        78 Dec 12  2012 python3.3-config -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3.3-config
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        72 Dec 12  2012 python3.3m -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3.3m
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        79 Dec 12  2012 python3.3m-config -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3.3m-config
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        70 Dec 12  2012 pythonw3 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/pythonw3
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        73 Dec 12  2012 pythonw3-32 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/pythonw3-32
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        72 Dec 12  2012 pythonw3.3 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/pythonw3.3
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        75 Dec 12  2012 pythonw3.3-32 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/pythonw3.3-32

In/usr/bin/：

-rwxr-xr-x     2 root   wheel     58416 Jul 15  2015 python
-rwxr-xr-x     5 root   wheel       925 Sep 10  2014 python-config
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        75 Nov  9  2014 python2.6 -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/bin/python2.6
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        82 Nov  9  2014 python2.6-config -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/bin/python2.6-config
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        75 Nov  9  2014 python2.7 -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        82 Nov  9  2014 python2.7-config -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7-config
-rwxr-xr-x     2 root   wheel     58416 Jul 15  2015 pythonw
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        76 Nov  9  2014 pythonw2.6 -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/bin/pythonw2.6
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        76 Nov  9  2014 pythonw2.7 -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/pythonw2.7

lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       24 Oct  9  2016 python -> /opt/local/bin/python2.7
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       31 Oct  9  2016 python-config -> /opt/local/bin/python2.7-config
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       73 Dec 14  2014 python2.7 -> /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       80 Dec 14  2014 python2.7-config -> /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7-config
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       25 Oct  9  2016 pythonw -> /opt/local/bin/pythonw2.7
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       74 Dec 14  2014 pythonw2.7 -> /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/pythonw2.7

Python.framework

.profile

# added by Anaconda2 4.2.0 installer
export PATH="~/anaconda2/bin:$PATH"

export PATH="/opt/local/lib/gmt4/bin:$PATH"
export PATH="~/teqc:$PATH"
export PATH="/usr/local/runpkr000:$PATH"
export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

# MacPorts Installer addition on 2015-04-02_at_16:40:23: adding an appropriate PATH variable for use with MacPorts.
# export PATH="/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:$PATH"
# Finished adapting your PATH environment variable for use with MacPorts.

# added by Anaconda 2.3.0 installer
# export PATH="~/anaconda/bin:$PATH"

我怀疑需要对此进行一些清理，但如何解决此错误消息并使virtualenv按预期工作？我已经尝试了几种方法，但在应用潜在的补救措施之前，我很难识别到底是什么导致了这个问题

---

/opt/local/bin（是macports安装吗）？：

-rwxr-xr-x     2 root   wheel     58416 Jul 15  2015 python
-rwxr-xr-x     5 root   wheel       925 Sep 10  2014 python-config
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        75 Nov  9  2014 python2.6 -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/bin/python2.6
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        82 Nov  9  2014 python2.6-config -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/bin/python2.6-config
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        75 Nov  9  2014 python2.7 -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        82 Nov  9  2014 python2.7-config -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7-config
-rwxr-xr-x     2 root   wheel     58416 Jul 15  2015 pythonw
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        76 Nov  9  2014 pythonw2.6 -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/bin/pythonw2.6
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        76 Nov  9  2014 pythonw2.7 -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/pythonw2.7

lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       24 Oct  9  2016 python -> /opt/local/bin/python2.7
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       31 Oct  9  2016 python-config -> /opt/local/bin/python2.7-config
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       73 Dec 14  2014 python2.7 -> /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       80 Dec 14  2014 python2.7-config -> /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7-config
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       25 Oct  9  2016 pythonw -> /opt/local/bin/pythonw2.7
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       74 Dec 14  2014 pythonw2.7 -> /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/pythonw2.7

Python.framework

/usr/Local/bin

~/anaconda2/bin/python

lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        69 Dec 12  2012 python3 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        72 Dec 12  2012 python3-32 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3-32
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        76 Dec 12  2012 python3-config -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3-config
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        71 Dec 12  2012 python3.3 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3.3
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        74 Dec 12  2012 python3.3-32 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3.3-32
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        78 Dec 12  2012 python3.3-config -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3.3-config
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        72 Dec 12  2012 python3.3m -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3.3m
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        79 Dec 12  2012 python3.3m-config -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3.3m-config
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        70 Dec 12  2012 pythonw3 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/pythonw3
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        73 Dec 12  2012 pythonw3-32 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/pythonw3-32
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        72 Dec 12  2012 pythonw3.3 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/pythonw3.3
lrwxr-xr-x   1 root    staff        75 Dec 12  2012 pythonw3.3-32 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/pythonw3.3-32

导入系统 系统路径

~/anaconda2/lib/python27.zip
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/plat-mac
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/lib-tk
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/lib-old
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Sphinx-1.4.6-py2.7.egg
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/aeosa
~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-27.2.0-py2.7.egg

/opt/local/Library/Frameworks:

-rwxr-xr-x     2 root   wheel     58416 Jul 15  2015 python
-rwxr-xr-x     5 root   wheel       925 Sep 10  2014 python-config
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        75 Nov  9  2014 python2.6 -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/bin/python2.6
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        82 Nov  9  2014 python2.6-config -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/bin/python2.6-config
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        75 Nov  9  2014 python2.7 -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        82 Nov  9  2014 python2.7-config -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7-config
-rwxr-xr-x     2 root   wheel     58416 Jul 15  2015 pythonw
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        76 Nov  9  2014 pythonw2.6 -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/bin/pythonw2.6
lrwxr-xr-x     1 root   wheel        76 Nov  9  2014 pythonw2.7 -> ../../System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/pythonw2.7

lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       24 Oct  9  2016 python -> /opt/local/bin/python2.7
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       31 Oct  9  2016 python-config -> /opt/local/bin/python2.7-config
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       73 Dec 14  2014 python2.7 -> /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       80 Dec 14  2014 python2.7-config -> /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7-config
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       25 Oct  9  2016 pythonw -> /opt/local/bin/pythonw2.7
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin       74 Dec 14  2014 pythonw2.7 -> /opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/pythonw2.7

Python.framework

/System/Library/Frameworks

Python.framework

---

编辑

哪种python

产生：

~/anaconda2/bin/python

~/anaconda2/bin/python
/usr/bin/python

哪个-python

生成：

~/anaconda2/bin/python

~/anaconda2/bin/python
/usr/bin/python

他们不一样。但在中删除python安装后：

/opt/local/bin
/usr/Local/bin
/usr/bin

并在中使用

rm-rfpython*

和

sudorm-rfpython*

/opt/local/Library/Frameworks

然后输出的

变为相同

我意识到
哪个python
命令实际上指的是
.bash\u profile
文件中写的内容，而不是
.profile
（优先于.bash\u profile）

无论如何，我在
.bash_profile
中注释掉了
$PATH
，因此强制环境变量只在
.profile
文件中使用。然后
source~/.bash\u配置文件

在我的
.profile
中，我添加了：

export PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages:$PATH

然后
source~/.profile

但是，在
之后，我仍然得到了哪一条python
：

~/anaconda2/bin/python

这有点令人沮丧，因为即使更改了相关文件并删除了某些python安装，结果仍然是一样的：-/
如果您有几个不同的python和anaconda安装，我唯一建议的就是清理。但也对其他人会告诉我的东西感兴趣。
对我来说，最好的解决方法是先检查
哪一个是python，在我的例子中有两种情况：

~/anaconda2/bin/python
/usr/bin/python

出于某种未知的原因，
virtualenv
命令似乎不喜欢python的anaconda安装，因此请改用：

virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python2.7 my_environment

我犯了同样的错误，但后来我才意识到我正试图在与Python安装文件夹（C:/myname/python27）相同的目录级别创建一个virtualenv文件夹（C:/myname/virtual_文件夹）

所以我只是创建了一个文件夹，然后在其中（C:/myname/newfolder/）运行（“virtualenv virtual_folder”），没有任何问题
 清理是我的想法，但我认为这不是一个简单的删除Python版本的情况，我不想？是否还有其他安装位置…这也不清楚。这不是一个简单的情况，当然：）因为您可能在不同的位置安装了与不同客户端的不同依赖关系。我发现了两个关于如何做清理的帖子：1。2.我查看了/opt/local/Library/Frameworks&/System/Library/Frameworks&sys.path&/usr/local/bin&/opt/local/bin，因为有更多的Python安装。注：刚刚编辑了原稿。似乎/opt/local/bin可能是Macports？建议删除哪些目录（从目录中删除安装的正常过程是什么）？为什么没有$PYTHONPATH？我也从其他线程中假设，/opt/local/Library/Frameworks和/System/Library/Frameworks中的任何内容都不应该被删除，但是为什么这些目录中有两个Python.framework实例呢？Anaconda附带了一个名为“conda”的命令行工具，它使管理虚拟环境变得更加容易。您尝试过conda create-n python=3.6吗？（用您选择的python版本替换
3.6
）。默认情况下，使用conda创建的环境将安装到
/envs/
。